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intracellular, erm, 11548419, 10825241, sici, 4652, 200007, aid, jcp13, taher, smit, griffioen, schilder, tol, borst, pals, 1996, 2867, 8576267, association, p56lck, ilangumaran, briol, hoessli, 1998, 3908, 9573028, v91, selectively, associates, active, glycosphingolipid, rich, domains, peripheral, 1992, 825, 1730778, 2289325, binds, cooh, terminal, heparin, midgley, rogers, hallett, clayton, bowen, phillips, 2013, 14838, 23589287, 3663506, m113, 451336, 14824, tgf, stimulated, myofibroblast, facilitated, egfr, localization, lipid, rafts, khajeh, gupta, stanley, 6652, 25572402, 4358296, m114, 589523, 6639, bisphosphate, assembles, heterocomplex, revealed, small, angle, neutron, scattering, singleton, diedrich, 29434, 12748184, m301885200, 29420, rhogef, rho, grb2, binder, leading, luxton, simpson, mills, brindle, ahmed, stavrinides, 2019, 1233, 31450747, 6770463, cancers11091233, oncogene, interacts, known, sam68, star, plays, naor, nedvetzki, golan, melnik, faitelson, 579, 30019668, 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lafon, lombard, 938, 32747755, 7612580, s41557, 0513, 2020natch, 929m, 929, epigenetic, plasticity, mediating, iron, endocytosis, hubbe, 4833, 42353077, 13299323, ijms27125358, international, rolling, goodison, urquidi, tarin, 1999, 10694938, 395698, 1136, pathology, spring, dalchau, daniels, mallinson, judson, parsons, 1988, 2454887, 1385183, ina, inb, antigens, located, 000, whose, influenced, grcm38, grch38, via, pip, arhgef1, cases, groups, analyzing, same, neoplastic, reached, contradictory, conclusions, regarding, correlation, between, possibly, due, differences, methodology, problems, must, resolved, before, applying, exceptions, level, always, unfavorable, contrary, true, where, cd44v5, fifth, better, recurrence, following, surgery, exclusion, became, included, khdrbs1, transcript, upregulation, hodgkin, lymphomas, renal, furthermore, because, perhaps, realistic, approach, multistructural, multifunctional, presentation, factors, corresponding, docking, well, all, properties, physiological, normal, they, pathologic, experiments, animals, have, oligonucleotides, soluble, markedly, reduces, malignant, various, stressing, potential, antisense, proteases, chemokines, cytokines, angiogenesis, against, include, bivatuzumab, monoclonal, relevant, addition, variations, reported, markers, commonly, cscs, sort, into, population, enriched, like, characteristics, seen, indicator, patients, potentially, therapies, indicative, effector, assayed, chemical, tagging, cfse, vitro, along, track, early, thymus, cd25, determinant, originally, discovered, blasts, subsequently, identified, directing, live, enforce, any, expresses, glycosylation, directly, controls, capacity, specialized, immune, processes, distinguished, unique, post, enable, potent, guiding, least, part, linked, tumour, wnt, beta, catenin, transcription, transcripts, undergo, results, functionally, however, full, length, determined, basis, diversity, display, glycoforms, serve, hemodynamic, conditions, pertinent, internalizes, metals, such, mmps, controlled, one, modification, involves, discrete, sialofucosylations, rendering, called, below, metalloproteinases, collagens, participates, wide, variety, recirculation, large, number, mammalian, cd44s, comprising, most, containing, variable, express, larger, cd44e, which, humans, encoded, referred, hcam, pgp, phagocytic, hermes, ecm, np_033981, np_001171258, np_001171257, np_001171256, np_001034240, np_001034239, np_001189486, np_001189485, np_001189484, np_001001392, np_001001391, np_001001390, np_001001389, np_000601, nm_009851, nm_001177787, nm_001177786, nm_001177785, nm_001039151, nm_001039150, nm_001202557, nm_001202556, nm_001202555, nm_001001392, nm_001001391, nm_001001390, nm_001001389, nm_000610, p15379, p16070, uniprot, 12505, 960, entrez, species, oma, databases, orthologs, sources, quickgo, amigo, inflammatory, morphogenesis, wound, healing, spreading, neutrophil, degranulation, erk1, erk2, cascade, cartilage, serine, 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esearch groups analyzing the same neoplastic disease reached contradictory conclusions regarding the correlation between cd44 expression and disease prognosis possibly due to differences in methodology these problems must be resolved before applying anti cd44 therapy to human cancers 35 interactions edit cd44 has been shown to interact with arhgef1 37 ezrin via pip 2 38 epidermal growth factor receptor hyaluronan dependent 39 fibrin and immobilized fibrinogen 12 25 fibronectin 40 fyn 41 hyaluronan 42 lck 41 43 osteopontin 44 selectins 21 22 23 and src 45 cd74 46 references edit 1 2 3 grch38 ensembl release 89 ensg00000026508 ensembl may 2017 1 2 3 grcm38 ensembl release 89 ensmusg00000005087 ensembl may 2017 human pubmed reference national center for biotechnology information u s national library of medicine mouse pubmed reference national center for biotechnology information u s national library of medicine spring fa dalchau r daniels gl mallinson g judson pa parsons sf et al may 1988 the ina and inb blood group antigens are located on a glycoprotein of 80 000 mw the cdw44 glycoprotein whose expression is influenced by the in lu gene immunology 64 1 37 43 pmc 1385183 pmid 2454887 goodison s urquidi v tarin d august 1999 cd44 cell adhesion molecules molecular pathology 52 4 189 196 doi 10 1136 mp 52 4 189 pmc 395698 pmid 10694938 aruffo a stamenkovic i melnick m underhill cb seed b june 1990 cd44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate cell 61 7 1303 1313 doi 10 1016 0092 8674 90 90694 a pmid 1694723 s2cid 8217636 hubbe m eibl rh june 2026 cd44 hyaluronan dependent monocyte rolling international journal of molecular sciences 27 15 4833 doi 10 3390 ijms27125358 pmc 13299323 pmid 42353077 müller s sindikubwabo f cañeque t lafon a versini a lombard b et al october 2020 cd44 regulates epigenetic plasticity by mediating iron endocytosis nature chemistry 12 10 929 938 bibcode 2020natch 12 929m doi 10 1038 s41557 020 0513 5 pmc 7612580 pmid 32747755 solier s müller s cañeque t versini a mansart a sindikubwabo f et al may 2023 a druggable copper signalling pathway that drives inflammation nature 617 7960 386 394 bibcode 2023natur 617 386s doi 10 1038 s41586 023 06017 4 pmc 10131557 pmid 37100912 1 2 oxley sm sackstein r november 1994 detection of an l selectin ligand on a hematopoietic progenitor cell line blood 84 10 3299 3306 doi 10 1182 blood v84 10 3299 3299 pmid 7524735 1 2 3 alves cs burdick mm thomas sn pawar p konstantopoulos k april 2008 the dual role of cd44 as a functional p selectin ligand and fibrin receptor in colon carcinoma cell adhesion american journal of physiology cell physiology 294 4 c907 c916 doi 10 1152 ajpcell 00463 2007 pmid 18234849 s2cid 31373618 1 2 hanley wd burdick mm konstantopoulos k sackstein r july 2005 cd44 on ls174t colon carcinoma cells possesses e selectin ligand activity cancer research 65 13 5812 5817 doi 10 1158 0008 5472 can 04 4557 pmid 15994957 sackstein r july 2011 the biology of cd44 and hcell in hematopoiesis the step 2 bypass pathway and other emerging perspectives current opinion in hematology 18 4 239 48 doi 10 1097 moh 0b013e3283476140 pmc 3145154 pmid 21546828 ali aj abuelela af merzaban js 2017 an analysis of trafficking receptors shows that cd44 and p selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 collectively control the migration of activated human t cells frontiers in immunology 8 492 doi 10 3389 fimmu 2017 00492 pmc 5413510 pmid 28515724 thankamony sp sackstein r february 2011 enforced hematopoietic cell e and l selectin ligand hcell expression primes transendothelial migration of human mesenchymal stem cells proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america 108 6 2258 63 bibcode 2011pnas 108 2258t doi 10 1073 pnas 1018064108 pmc 3038774 pmid 21257905 sackstein r dimitroff cj october 2000 a hematopoietic cell l selectin ligand that is distinct from psgl 1 and displays n glycan dependent binding activity blood 96 8 2765 2774 doi 10 1182 blood v96 8 2765 pmid 11023510 1 2 sackstein r merzaban js cain dw dagia nm spencer ja lin cp et al february 2008 ex vivo glycan engineering of cd44 programs human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell trafficking to bone nature medicine 14 2 181 187 doi 10 1038 nm1703 pmid 18193058 s2cid 5095656 dimitroff cj lee jy rafii s fuhlbrigge rc sackstein r june 2001 cd44 is a major e selectin ligand on human hematopoietic progenitor cells the journal of cell biology 153 6 1277 1286 doi 10 1083 jcb 153 6 1277 pmc 2192031 pmid 11402070 burdick mm chu jt godar s sackstein r may 2006 hcell is the major e and l selectin ligand expressed on ls174t colon carcinoma cells the journal of biological chemistry 281 20 13899 13905 doi 10 1074 jbc m513617200 pmid 16565092 1 2 hanley wd napier sl burdick mm schnaar rl sackstein r konstantopoulos k february 2006 variant isoforms of cd44 are p and l selectin ligands on colon carcinoma cells faseb journal 20 2 337 339 doi 10 1096 fj 05 4574fje pmid 16352650 s2cid 23662591 1 2 napier sl healy zr schnaar rl konstantopoulos k february 2007 selectin ligand expression regulates the initial vascular interactions of colon carcinoma cells the roles of cd44v and alternative sialofucosylated selectin ligands the journal of biological chemistry 282 6 3433 3441 doi 10 1074 jbc m607219200 pmid 17135256 1 2 thomas sn zhu f schnaar rl alves cs konstantopoulos k june 2008 carcinoembryonic antigen and cd44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to e and l selectin in shear flow the journal of biological chemistry 283 23 15647 15655 doi 10 1074 jbc m800543200 pmc 2414264 pmid 18375392 sackstein r july 2009 glycosyltransferase programmed stereosubstitution gps to create hcell engineering a roadmap for cell migration immunological reviews 230 1 51 74 doi 10 1111 j 1600 065x 2009 00792 x pmc 4306344 pmid 19594629 1 2 alves cs yakovlev s medved l konstantopoulos k january 2009 biomolecular characterization of cd44 fibrin ogen binding distinct molecular requirements mediate binding of standard and variant isoforms of cd44 to immobilized fibrin ogen the journal of biological chemistry 284 2 1177 1189 doi 10 1074 jbc m805144200 pmc 2613610 pmid 19004834 yan y zuo x wei d september 2015 concise review emerging role of cd44 in cancer stem cells a promising biomarker and therapeutic target stem cells translational medicine 4 9 1033 1043 doi 10 5966 sctm 2015 0048 pmc 4542874 pmid 26136504 yang l shi p zhao g xu j peng w zhang j et al february 2020 targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy signal transduction and targeted therapy 5 1 8 doi 10 1038 s41392 020 0110 5 pmc 7005297 pmid 32296030 li f tiede b massagué j kang y january 2007 beyond tumorigenesis cancer stem cells in metastasis cell research 17 1 3 14 doi 10 1038 sj cr 7310118 pmid 17179981 sillanpää s anttila ma voutilainen k tammi rh tammi mi saarikoski sv et al november 2003 cd44 expression indicates favorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer clinical cancer research 9 14 5318 5324 pmid 14614016 griffith js liu yg tekmal rr binkley pa holden ae schenken rs april 2010 menstrual endometrial cells from women with endometriosis demonstrate increased adherence to peritoneal cells and increased expression of cd44 splice variants fertility and sterility 93 6 1745 1749 doi 10 1016 j fertnstert 2008 12 012 pmc 2864724 pmid 19200980 wang sj wong g de heer am xia w bourguignon ly august 2009 cd44 variant isoforms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression the laryngoscope 119 8 1518 1530 doi 10 1002 lary 20506 pmc 2718060 pmid 19507218 assimakopoulos d kolettas e patrikakos g evangelou a october 2002 the role of cd44 in the development and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas histology and histopathology 17 4 1269 1281 doi 10 14670 hh 17 1269 pmid 12371152 quéré r andradottir s brun ac zubarev ra karlsson g olsson k et al march 2011 high levels of the adhesion molecule cd44 on leukemic cells generate acute myeloid 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kinase promotes grb2 associated binder 1 phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase signaling leading to cytokine macrophage colony stimulating factor production and breast tumor progression the journal of biological chemistry 278 32 29420 29434 doi 10 1074 jbc m301885200 pmid 12748184 chen x khajeh ja ju jh gupta yk stanley cb do c et al march 2015 phosphatidylinositol 4 5 bisphosphate clusters the cell adhesion molecule cd44 and assembles a specific cd44 ezrin heterocomplex as revealed by small angle neutron scattering the journal of biological chemistry 290 10 6639 6652 doi 10 1074 jbc m114 589523 pmc 4358296 pmid 25572402 midgley ac rogers m hallett mb clayton a bowen t phillips ao et al may 2013 transforming growth factor β1 tgf β1 stimulated fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is mediated by hyaluronan ha facilitated epidermal growth factor receptor egfr and cd44 co localization in lipid rafts the journal of biological chemistry 288 21 14824 14838 doi 10 1074 jbc m113 451336 pmc 3663506 pmid 23589287 jalkanen s jalkanen m february 1992 lymphocyte cd44 binds the cooh terminal heparin binding domain of fibronectin the journal of cell biology 116 3 817 825 doi 10 1083 jcb 116 3 817 pmc 2289325 pmid 1730778 1 2 ilangumaran s briol a hoessli dc may 1998 cd44 selectively associates with active src family protein tyrosine kinases lck and fyn in glycosphingolipid rich plasma membrane domains of human peripheral blood lymphocytes blood 91 10 3901 3908 doi 10 1182 blood v91 10 3901 pmid 9573028 aruffo a stamenkovic i melnick m underhill cb seed b june 1990 cd44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate cell 61 7 1303 1313 doi 10 1016 0092 8674 90 90694 a pmid 1694723 s2cid 8217636 taher te smit l griffioen aw schilder tol ej borst j pals st february 1996 signaling through cd44 is mediated by tyrosine kinases association with p56lck in t lymphocytes the journal of biological chemistry 271 5 2863 2867 doi 10 1074 jbc 271 5 2863 pmid 8576267 zohar r suzuki n suzuki k arora p glogauer m mcculloch ca et al july 2000 intracellular osteopontin is an integral component of the cd44 erm complex involved in cell migration journal of cellular physiology 184 1 118 130 doi 10 1002 sici 1097 4652 200007 184 1 118 aid jcp13 3 0 co 2 y pmid 10825241 s2cid 11548419 bourguignon ly zhu h shao l chen yw march 2001 cd44 interaction with c src kinase promotes cortactin mediated cytoskeleton function and hyaluronic acid dependent ovarian tumor cell migration the journal of biological chemistry 276 10 7327 7336 doi 10 1074 jbc m006498200 pmid 11084024 shi x leng l wang t wang w du x li j et al october 2006 cd44 is the signaling component of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor cd74 receptor complex immunity 25 4 595 606 doi 10 1016 j immuni 2006 08 020 pmc 3707630 pmid 17045821 further reading edit sackstein r july 2011 the biology of cd44 and hcell in hematopoiesis the step 2 bypass pathway and other emerging perspectives current opinion in hematology 18 4 239 248 doi 10 1097 moh 0b013e3283476140 pmc 3145154 pmid 21546828 sackstein r july 2009 glycosyltransferase programmed stereosubstitution gps to create hcell engineering a roadmap for cell migration immunological reviews 230 1 51 74 doi 10 1111 j 1600 065x 2009 00792 x pmc 4306344 pmid 19594629 sackstein r may 2004 the bone marrow is akin to skin hcell and the biology of hematopoietic stem cell homing the journal of investigative dermatology 122 5 1061 1069 doi 10 1111 j 0022 202x 2004 09301 x pmid 15140204 konstantopoulos k thomas sn 2009 cancer cells in transit the vascular interactions of tumor cells annual review of biomedical engineering 11 177 202 doi 10 1146 annurev bioeng 061008 124949 pmid 19413512 günthert u 1993 cd44 a multitude of isoforms with diverse functions adhesion in leukocyte homing and differentiation pdf current topics in microbiology and immunology vol 184 pp 47 63 doi 10 1007 978 3 642 78253 4_4 isbn 978 3 642 78255 8 pmid 7508842 yasuda m nakano k yasumoto k tanaka y 2003 cd44 functional relevance to inflammation and malignancy histology and histopathology 17 3 945 950 doi 10 14670 hh 17 945 pmid 12168806 sun cx robb va gutmann dh november 2002 protein 4 1 tumor suppressors getting a ferm grip on growth regulation journal of cell science 115 pt 21 3991 4000 doi 10 1242 jcs 00094 pmid 12356905 s2cid 14243743 ponta h sherman l herrlich pa january 2003 cd44 from adhesion molecules to signalling regulators nature reviews molecular cell biology 4 1 33 45 bibcode 2003nrmcb 4 33p doi 10 1038 nrm1004 pmid 12511867 s2cid 19495756 martin ta harrison g mansel re jiang wg may 2003 the role of the cd44 ezrin complex in cancer metastasis critical reviews in oncology hematology 46 2 165 186 doi 10 1016 s1040 8428 02 00172 5 pmid 12711360 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to hematopoietic cell e and or l selectin ligand indian blood group system at bgmut blood group antigen gene mutation database at ncbi nih articles at ihop human cd44 genome location and cd44 gene details page in the ucsc genome browser v t e pdb gallery 1poz solution structure of the hyaluronan binding domain of human cd44 1uuh hyaluronan binding domain of human cd44 2i83 hyaluronan binding domain of cd44 in its ligand bound form v t e proteins clusters of differentiation see also list of human clusters of differentiation 1 50 1 a c 1a 1b 1d 1e 2 3 γ δ ε 4 5 6 7 8 a 9 10 11 a b c d 13 14 15 16 a b 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 a b 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 a b c d 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 a b c d e f 50 51 100 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 e l p 63 64 a b c 66 a b c d e f 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 78 79 a b 80 81 82 83 84 85 a d e h j k 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 150 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 a b 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 a b 121 a b 122 123 124 125 126 127 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 140b 141 142 143 144 146 147 148 150 151 200 151 152 153 154 155 156 a b c 157...