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multifaceted reflector wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 characteristics toggle characteristics subsection 2 1 design and construction 2 2 dichroic reflectors 2 3 operation 3 variations toggle variations subsection 3 1 alternatives 4 advantages 5 disadvantages 6 ansi designations 7 see also 8 references 9 external links toggle the table of contents multifaceted reflector 6 languages català deutsch español nederlands русский 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia light bulb left to right mr16 with gu10 base mr16 with gu5 3 base mr11 with gu4 or gz4 base line drawing of an led mr16 lamp with a heatsink rather than a reflector a multifaceted reflector often abbreviated mr light bulb is a reflector housing format for halogen and led lamps mr lamps were originally designed for use in slide projectors but see use in residential lighting and retail lighting as well they are suited to applications that require directional lighting such as track lighting recessed ceiling lights desk lamps pendant fixtures landscape lighting retail display lighting and bicycle headlights mr lamps are designated by symbols such as mr16 where the diameter is represented by numerals indicating units of eighths of an inch common sizes for general lighting are mr11 11 8 inches 35 mm and mr16 16 8 inches 51 mm with mr8 8 8 inch 25 mm and mr20 20 8 inches 64 mm used in specialty applications many run on low voltage rather than mains voltage alternating current so require a power supply history edit the mr16 lamp was first sold in 1965 citation needed emmett h wiley of general electric was awarded patent 3 314 331 for a miniature reflector lamp in 1967 1 the innovation was using the lamp rim rather than the base as the reference plane for focusing this allowed more flexible electrical mounting arrangements and more precise focusing 2 wiley s initial design had a smooth reflector multifaceted reflectors were introduced by others in 1971 citation needed characteristics edit design and construction edit most mr lamps consist of a halogen capsule or bulb integrated with a pressed glass reflector with a base conforming to bi pin gu5 3 standard the compact size of the mr base allows for much smaller more discreet fixtures than the incandescent reflector bulbs that pre dated mrs the reflector controls the direction and spread of light cast from the lamp mr lamps are available with different beam angles from narrow spot lights of as small as 7 to wide flood lamps of 60 dichroic reflectors edit some lamps use an aluminum coating as a reflector others use selective dichroic coating that reflects visible light and allows infrared radiation to pass through this type reduces heating of illuminated objects since less infrared radiation is present in the light beam however dichroic lamps must only be used in compatible fixtures that can dissipate the heat 3 iec 60598 no cool beam symbol dichroic lamps must not be fitted to recessed or enclosed luminaires with the iec 60598 no cool beam symbol 4 operation edit the brightness of mr lamps can be adjusted when used with appropriate light fixtures and dimmers however the color temperature changes significantly when the lamp is dimmed shifting dramatically to the warmer end of the spectrum halogen lamps 18 lm w typical are more energy efficient than regular incandescent lamps 15 lm w typical but still fall far behind other more recent types such as fluorescent lamps 80 100 lm w gas discharge lamps 100 200 lm w depending on types and leds 125 150 lm w typical in bright white depending on style quantify with both types of incandescent bulbs useful life can be considerably shortened if their filaments experience mechanical shock or vibration using an electronic transformer with a soft start feature can considerably extend life as it reduces the characteristically high inrush current that occurs initially when the lamp is cold dimming also extends life significantly mr lamps like all quartz halogen lamps produce some undesirable ultraviolet light usually this must be filtered out also the quartz capsules of the lamps may rupture or explode upon failure of the lamps for these two reasons some mr lamps include a cover glass that serves as an integrated ultraviolet filter and explosion shield mr16 lamps lacking this cover require the use of a fixture that incorporates an external piece of glass specifically designed to provide both ultraviolet and physical protection mr lamps are available in 10 75 watt power ratings 150 800 lumens 5 variations edit mr lamps most often operate at 12 volts although they are also available in other voltages these lamps use a bi pin connector for power 12 volt mr11 bulbs usually use a gu4 base and 12 volt mr16 bulbs usually use a gu5 3 base the common 12 volt mr16 lamps therefore require a ferromagnetic or electronic transformer sometimes misnamed as a ballast to convert the 120 or 230 volt mains voltage to the extra low voltage required by the lamp certain mr lamps can operate directly on the mains voltage these lamps typically use a gu10 turn and lock base so they cannot be accidentally interchanged with low voltage lamps gu10 is distinguished from the lower voltage mr lamps by the u shaped ceramic base mount with a 10 mm pin center to center distance 2 pin bayonet mount mr16 lamps with an integrated transformer are also available these lamps have screw bases to fit standard medium base edison sockets mr lamps are commonly available in range of color temperatures from about 2700 k to 7000 k to satisfy various applications alternatives edit led mr11 70 lm w led mr16 retrofit lamps that generate light by a different principle but uses the mr form factor are available for example led based mr16 lamps appear similar to halogen lamps and can be used in most fixtures designed for mr lamps the same is true of mr11 compatible led lamps fixtures designed for halogen mr16 or mr11 lamps that use electronic transformers may need to be retrofitted with led compatible transformers there is a wide variety of designs varying significantly with regard to beam width light colour efficiency and luminous power unlike halogen mrs led lamps often do not have the multifaceted reflectors that give mrs their precise beam width control some rely on the optics of the led s to control the beam width some designs may have simple cut off apertures that limit beam width or even individual reflectors or lenses for each led as with other led lamps available today the quality and color temperature of the white light produced by such lamps varies the least efficient of these lamps produce about 26 lumens per watt lm w which is similar to the efficiency of halogen mrs the most efficient of these lamps available today produce about 160 lm w which exceeds the efficiency of compact fluorescent lamps citation needed in terms of total luminous power such lamps range from being significantly less powerful than their halogen counterparts to being comparable to the lower power halogen mr16s the brightest available halogen mr16s are still slightly brighter than the brightest available led versions advantages edit mr lamps offer several advantages over other lamps with equivalent power ratings they are typically smaller transformers excepted provide better beam control and offer a whiter light than ordinary incandescent lamps the small size of the lamp allows designers more flexibility in placing the lamps and with the option of various beam widths the light beam can be very specifically placed white led mr lamps can be manufactured with different colour temperatures normally ranging from warm whites attempting to match the colour of halogens all the way through to cool whites at 5500 k or more another advantage is when used in 12 volt track lighting systems the bare wires connectors can be touched without fear of electrocution disadvantages edit mr lamps have several disadvantages over other types of lighting most notably their high operating temperature and the risks of explosion from their pressurized bulb the halogen bulb can reach temperatures over 200 c 392 f 6 increasing the risk of fire should anything flammable come in contact or even be in close proximity to the bulb or fixture the quartz capsule containing the filament and halogen gas is pressurized and can explode if improperly handled or damaged and must be handled carefully prior to installation to prevent contamination with oil and salt from fingerprints which can dramatically shorten the lamp s life 6 ansi designations edit a typical mr16 lamp the following ansi standard codes are used to designate certain power and beam angle combinations for mr16 lamps many manufacturers use these standard codes for lamps matching these specifications 6 ansi code power w volts beam angle designation esx 20 10 20mr16 10 bab 20 40 20mr16 40 fmv 35 25 35mr16 25 fmw 35 35 35mr16 35 ext 50 15 50mr16 15 exz 50 25 50mr16 25 exn 50 40 50mr16 40 fnv 50 60 50mr16 60 fpa 65 15 65mr16 15 fpc 65 25 65mr16 25 fpb 65 40 65mr16 40 eyf 75 15 75mr16 15 eyj 75 25 75mr16 25 eyc 75 40 75mr16 40 note that mr lamps are available in power and beam combinations other than those listed above for this reason mr lamps are also often labeled according to beam spread abbreviations note that these while these abbreviations are commonly used the angles associated with these abbreviations vary slightly from manufacturer to manufacturer typical beam angles for these beam spread abbreviations are as follows citation needed name beam angle narrow spot ns 5 15 spot s 16 22 narrow flood nf 23 32 flood fl 33 45 wide flood wf 46 74 very wide flood vw 75 see also edit bayonet mount fastening mechanism bi pin connector type of lamp lightbulb fitting connector pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets edison screw lightbulb socket standard e5 e40 luminous efficacy how efficiently a source produces visible light luminous flux perceived luminous power references edit us 3314331 wiley emmett h photographic projection system and lamp issued april 18 1967 assigned to general electric first mr16 dichroic reflector lamp ejm lamptech co uk archived from the original on august 7 2008 incidents cheshirefire gov uk cheshire fire and rescue service archived from the original on june 4 2015 downlighters and fire safety archived august 26 2012 at the wayback machine electrical safety council replace inefficient mr16 halogen lamps with leds maxim september 25 2007 1 2 3 zhou y september 2002 mr16 lamps national lighting product information program lighting answers troy new york rensselaer polytechnic institute archived from the original on august 30 2006 external links edit media related to multifaceted reflector lamps at wikimedia commons v t e lighting concepts accent lighting color rendering index color temperature electric light glare light fixture light pollution hawaii hong kong lightbulb socket bi pin lamp base edison screw luminous efficacy task lighting methods of generation incandescent regular edison halogen nernst luminescent cathodoluminescent electron stimulated chemiluminescent electrochemiluminescence electroluminescent field induced polymer light emitting transistor fluorescent fluorescent lamp compact fluorescent induction photoluminescent laser headlamp radioluminescence solid state led lamp combustion acetylene carbide argand campfire candle carcel diya flare gas kerosene petromax lantern fanous paper limelight luchina magnesium torch oil qulliq rushlight safety tilley torch electric arc carbon arc klieg light yablochkov candle gas discharge deuterium arc neon neon lamp plasma sulfur xenon arc xenon flash high intensity discharge hid mercury vapor metal halide ceramic hydrargyrum medium arc iodide hmi hydrargyrum quartz iodide hqi sodium vapor stationary reflector ellipsoidal reflector multifaceted reflector parabolic aluminized reflector par aviation obstruction balanced arm lamp chandelier emergency light gas lighting gooseneck lamp intelligent street lighting light tube marine aid to navigation light nightlight neon lighting pendant light recessed light sconce street light in the us torchère track lighting troffer portable bicycle lighting flashlight mechanically powered tactical glow stick headlamp outdoor lantern laser pointer navigation light searchlight solar lamp automotive automotive light bulb types daytime running lamp headlamp hidden high intensity discharge sealed beam rear position lights reversing lights safety reflector retroreflector stop lights turn signals trafficators display decorative aroma lamp blacklight bubble light christmas lights crackle tube dj lighting electroluminescent wire lava lamp marquee plasma globe strobe light theatrical cinematic floodlight footlight gobo scoop spotlight ellipsoidal reflector stage lighting instrument industrial scientific germicidal grow light infrared lamp stroboscope tanning related topics battlefield illumination bioluminescence laser light art luminous gemstones signal lamp sources reflected retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title multifaceted_reflector oldid 1347652611 category types of lamp hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use mdy dates from april 2026 all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from april 2026 webarchive template wayback links articles with unsourced statements from february 2012 pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via module annotated link commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 7 april 2026 at 23 33 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents multifaceted reflector 6 languages add topic