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description=An approach to modelling food web biomass flows among live and dead compartments within and among species is formulated using metaphysiological principles that characterise population growth in terms of basal metabolism, feeding, senescence and ...;

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growth formulates growth in terms of extraction and senescent processes rather than directly in terms of the state variables themselves this allows the formulation of equations to be unified across trophic levels as evidenced by the general model box 1 in addition the structure of the equations is rather transparent and hence easily implemented for particular systems as illustrated in our derivation of the nine variable anthrax btw model in appendix s4 in terms of food web theory itself by extending populations to account separately for both live and dead biomass new topological relationships emerge and the strength of these relationships as mediated by scavengers parasites disease and senescence processes can now be included this topological refinement will affect such characterising measures as l the number of feeding relationships in webs which has been used in a number of food web studies e g williams martinez 2000 romanuk et al 2009 as lazzaro et al 2009 recently pointed out the structure and dynamics of prey populations are shaped by the foraging behaviours of their predators yet there is still little documentation on how distinct predator foraging types control biodiversity food web architecture and ecosystem functioning this statement was made in the context of foraging strategies per se e g visual vs filter feeders rather than in the context of biomass type viz live vs dead the statement applies equally well to the btw formulation which places live and dead material on an explicit co footing similar considerations arise in the context of adaptive foraging in food webs with flexible topology křivan schmitz 2003 particularly in the context of adaptive scavenging the btw formulation provides a paradigm for exploring these various questions more thoroughly and systematically than before furthermore once we move beyond homogeneous to spatially structured webs the need for a miner gatherer dichotomy takes on additional force when the ecological aspects of movement nathan et al 2008 are introduced supplementary material 1 nihms262544 supplement 1 pdf 407 9kb pdf acknowledgements i thank steve bellan paul cross lev ginzburg matt plucinski mary power norman owen smith and wendy turner for comments and especially peter baxter for extensive comments and various references this research was supported by nih grant gm083863 and the stellenbosch institute for advanced study in south africa footnotes supporting information additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article appendix s1 consumer categories appendix s2 differential equation for deficit stress variable appendix s3 cropping and scavenging appendix s4 anthrax in enp model appendix s5 anthrax in enp parameters as a service to our authors and readers this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors such materials are peer reviewed and may be re organised for online delivery but are not copy edited or typeset technical support issues 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