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the (167), and (96), for (41), bahan (40), jenama (40), aktif (39), are (35), racun (25), with (25), pepper (23), seed (23), can (21), plants (18), virus (17), rot (17), that (15), disease (15), water (15), #thrips (14), from (14), most (14), phytophthora (14), phase (14), field (13), not (13), malathion (13), penggunaan (12), kutu (12), resistance (12), plant (12), crown (12), 505 (12), peppers (11), may (11), soil (11), but (10), will (10), fruit (10), occur (10), nama (10), hamama (9), spp (9), bacterial (9), fungicide (9), infected (9), also (9), spread (9), trip (8), dan (8), faidzal (8), aka (8), apai (8), areas (8), species (8), has (8), crops (8), control (8), tomato (8), transmitted (8), crop (8), some (8), varieties (8), fungus (8), sclerotia (8), blight (8), 10ec (8), comments (7), posted (7), after (7), these (7), all (7), more (7), both (7), into (7), aerial (7), guna (7), serangga (7), diseases (6), weed (6), common (6), greenhouse (6), should (6), many (6), tmv (6), this 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sodium, cooler, move, erwinia, subsp, associated, thus, contaminant, except, tunnel, calyx, cap, entry, holes, marked, sawdust, frass, insecticide, coincide, peaks, adult, activity, determined, pheromone, light, traps, insecticides, baythroid, asana, permethrin, ambush, 2sc, larval, while, green, use, solve, problems, persistent, require, streptomycin, mycin, strep, sprays, gallon, applying, active, ingredient, plus, 80wp, 122, 5813, 446, 4686, controlling, adversely, affect, germination, properly, performed, see, ref, treating, nullifies, liability, voids, guarantees, quart, calcium, quarts, treat, cheesecloth, bag, add, surfactant, dishwashing, detergent, submerge, agitation, rinse, running, tap, min, thoroughly, dusted, thiram, 75w, dithiocarbamate, planted, treatment, currently, blsr1, our, area, boynton, commandant, wizard, king, race, admiral, campestris, literature, mention, axonopodis, number, each, others, gram, negative, rods, single, polar, flagellum, mobility, found, association, materials, limiting, factor, wherever, grown, form, humidity, plays, occurrence, fungal, insects, attack, create, wounds, favorable, clean, components, discussed, companies, incorporating, emphasis, placed, assorted, thomas, zitterprofessor, department, pathologycornell, ithaca, 14853, sunday, assalamualaikum, salam, sejahtera, sekian, terima, kasih, atas, peraturan, ini, dipraktikkan, akan, disediakan, secara, bersiri, nantikan, keluaran, siri, tersebut, baca, segala, arahan, tercatat, pada, hendaklah, dihentikan, beberapa, hari, berpandukan, kepada, tempoh, dilarang, selang, selikan, dengan, perosakyang, mempunyai, cara, tindakan, berbeza, jadual, kekerapan, had, maksimum, dibenarkan, jika, rawatan, semburan, diulangi, utamakan, toksid, keracunan, rendah, iaitu, kumpulan, kelas, jangan, gunakan, kadar, lebih, tinggi, dari, disyorkan, mula, lakukan, seranganhanya, apabila, terdapat, serangan, melebihi, tahap, ambang, aplikasi, penting, fahami, bagi, pengusaha, baru, 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Text of the page (random words):
0 bahan aktif dimethoate jenama dimeto 400 dimexion 40 fezmet fezmet 40 lexide 400ec roction 400 vita dimethoate bahan aktif fenvalerate jenama sumitox 3 0 bahan aktif fipronil jenama regain 500 regent 50sc bahan aktif lambda cyhalothrin jenama recca 280 trekker 28 bahan aktif malathion jenama sk malathion posted by faidzal aka apai at 12 32 am no comments labels guna racun kutu trip racun thrips thrips ssp tetranychus spp hamama merah kategori serangga nama saintifik tetranychus spp nama biasa hamama merah bahan aktif amritaz jenama arthur 21 7ec comatec 21 6 mirax 216 mitac vintage 21 7ec bahan aktif dimethoate jenama dimet 40 dimeto 400 roction 400 bahan aktif lambda cyhalothrin jenama recca 280 trekker 28 bahan aktif malathion jenama bm malathion 84 hextar malathion 57 mapa malathion 57 za malathion 84 ec bahan aktif sulfur jenama microthiol 80wg bahan aktif diafenthiuron jenama pegasus 250sc bahan aktif flufenoxuron jenama cascade 2ec posted by faidzal aka apai at 12 22 am no comments labels guna racun hamama hamama merah racun tetranychus spp scirtothrips dorsalis kutu trip kategori serangga nama saintifik scirtothrips dorsalis nama biasa kutu trip bahan aktif cypermethrin jenama chiptrin 5 5 nong dat 500 rh cyper 5 bahan aktif deltamethrin jenama deltatox 140 bahan aktif imidacloprid jenama rh imidacliprid sk imildacloprid bahan aktif fipronil jenama regain 500 posted by faidzal aka apai at 12 16 am no comments labels guna racun kutu trip penggunaan racun scirtothrips dorsalis polyphagotarsonemus latus hamama kategori serangga nama saintifik polyphagotarsonemus latus nama biasa hamama bahan aktif diafenthiuron jenama pegasus 250 sc bahan aktif fenpyroximate jenama ortus 5 sc bahan aktif fenpyroximate propargite jenama scoremite bahanaktif spirodiclofen jenama envidor bahan aktif sulfur jenama microthiol 80wg posted by faidzal aka apai at 12 07 am no comments labels guna racun hamama penggunaan racun polyphagotarsonemus latus racun serangga tuesday march 24 2009 aphis kutu daun kategori serangga nama saintifik aphis spp nama biasa kutu daun bahan aktif chlorpyrifos jenama logic 75 bahan aktif chlorpyrifos cypermethrin jenama dewana cyperchlor 505 dragon 505 energy 505 kayak 505 naga 505 bahan aktif deltamethrin jenama cothrin cracko deltam destin 1 4 ec detin vancis vanthrin 1 4 ec bahan aktif esfenvalerate jenama sumi alpha 28 bahan aktif imidacloprid jenama confidor fusilier 18 3sl imida 200 indigo nascent18 2sl nexus 18 3sl pack it 200 palisade 18 2sl rh imidacloprid sk imidacloprid bahan aktif cypermethrin jenama agr cylac 10ec agr cyma 10ec agr jola 10ec chiptrin 5 5 consult 5 ec contest 50ec cosmo 35 crescent 5 ec cyper 50ec cyperin 550 cypersing 550 farmsect 550 kencis 1600 ken cyper 1600 larvin mythrin nong dat 500 nullecide 10ec rh cyper 5 unicide 5 5ec unitrin 5ec zattack 150 bahan aktif dimethoate jenama dimet 40 dimexion 40 fezmet fezmet 40 halex dimethoate 38ec kenlogo lexide 400ec logor logor blu vita dimethoate bahan aktif fenvalerate jenama sumicidin 10 wp sumitox 3 0 bahan aktif malathion jenama bm malathion 84 hextar malathion 57 mapa malathion 84 wa malathion 84 za malathion ec posted by faidzal aka apai at 10 39 pm no comments labels aphid aphis aphis ssp guna racun kutu daun penggunaan racun racun serangga panduan penggunaan racun berdaftar assalamualaikum dan salam sejahtera bagi membantu pengusaha baru dan peminat tanaman cili meningkatkan ilmu mengenai penggunaan racun saya cuba sebaik mungkin untuk memaparkan bahan rujukan yang diharapkan dapat membantu anda semua perkara penting yang anda perlu fahami 1 mula lakukan kawalan penyakit seranganhanya apabila terdapat tanda tanda serangan melebihi tahap ambang aplikasi 2 jangan gunakan kadar yang lebih tinggi dari yang disyorkan 3 utamakan penggunaan racun dalam kategori toksid keracunan rendah iaitu dalam kumpulan kelas iv 4 jika rawatan semburan perlu diulangi i patuhi jadual kekerapan dan had maksimum penggunaan racun yang dibenarkan dan ii selang selikan dengan penggunaan racun perosakyang mempunyai cara tindakan berbeza 5 penggunaan racun hendaklah dihentikan beberapa hari sebelum mengutip hasil berpandukan kepada tempoh dilarang mengutip hasil 6 baca label racun sebelum guna dan patuhi segala arahan yang tercatat pada label maklumat di atas adalah peraturan asas penggunaan racun adalah diharapkan perkara asas ini dapat dipraktikkan maklumat mengenai penyakit dan racun akan disediakan secara bersiri nantikan keluaran siri tersebut sekian terima kasih posted by faidzal aka apai at 10 20 pm no comments labels guna racun penggunaan racun racun sunday march 23 2008 kawalan penyakit cili pepper disease control it starts with the seed thomas a zitterprofessor department of plant pathologycornell university ithaca ny 14853 plant diseases can be a limiting factor in pepper production wherever the crop is grown moisture in the form of wind blown rain saturated soils and high humidity plays a major role in the occurrence of both bacterial and fungal diseases insects that attack pepper serve to create wounds favorable for bacterial soft rot and spread several virus diseases clean seed greenhouse sanitation crop rotation and cultural measures in the field are all key components for disease control but it all starts with the seed this is especially true for the first disease discussed bacterial leaf spot all major seed companies are incorporating disease resistance into most released varieties with emphasis placed on bacterial leaf spot phytophthora blight and assorted virus diseases bacteria bacterial leaf spot bls bacterial leaf spot is caused by two major groups of bacteria xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria and xanthomonas vesicatoria some literature will also mention xanthomonas axonopodis pv vesicatoria a number of races occur for each of these pathogens with some occurring more commonly on pepper and others on tomato both bacteria are gram negative rods have a single polar flagellum used for mobility and are found only in association with plants or plant materials the bls pathogens are seedborne both within the seed and on the seed surface bls may also survive on plant debris in the soil for 1 2 years therefore a 2 year rotation out of pepper and tomato is essential seed can be treated with hot water 122 f for 25 minutes or with clorox epa reg no 5813 1 label available from clorox at 800 446 4686 hot water is more effective for controlling bacteria on and within seed but hot water can adversely affect germination if not properly performed see ref 3 treating the seed yourself nullifies the seed company s liability and voids their guarantees mix 1 quart of clorox bleach calcium hypochlorite with 4 quarts of water to treat up to 1 pound of seed in a cheesecloth bag add ½ tsp of surfactant dishwashing detergent and submerge in the solution with agitation for 40 minutes rinse under running tap water for 5 min and dry seed thoroughly treated seed should be dusted with thiram 75w dithiocarbamate 1 tsp per pound of seed and planted soon after treatment some varieties currently have resistance to all three races of bls blsr1 2 3 that commonly occur in our area these include boynton bell aristotle commandant enterprise revolution x3r camelot and x3r wizard king arthur is resistant to race 2 and admiral is resistant to races 1 and 2 resistance to races 1 and 3 are most important for the northeast use of disease free seed and a 2 year rotation in the field should solve most of the bls problems but some persistent cases may require chemical treatments streptomycin agri mycin 17 agri strep sprays 1 lb per 100 gallons or 1 ¼ tsp per gallon may be applied to transplants prior to transplanting in the field applying fixed copper 1 lb active ingredient per acre plus maneb 1 ½ lb 80wp per acre has been shown to reduce the spread of bls bacterial soft rot bsr bacterial soft rot is caused primarily by erwinia carotovora subsp carotovora the bacterium is commonly associated with plants soils and surface water and thus is a common contaminant bsr is primarily a post harvest problem except when fruit are injured in the field by insect feeding the european corn borer larvae tunnel under the calyx cap and their entry holes are marked by sawdust like frass insecticide treatments should coincide with peaks in adult activity as determined by pheromone or light traps registered insecticides include cyfluthrin baythroid 2 esfenvalerate asana xl permethrin ambush and spinosad spintor 2sc hot pepper varieties are most resistant to larval feeding while green bell peppers are most susceptible post harvest wash water can spread the bacterium from contaminated to healthy fruit therefore most peppers are packed dry to minimize bsr if wash water is used maintaining 25 ppm chlorine in the wash water 1 tbs of clorox 5 25 sodium hypochlorite per 8 gallons of water make sure that the wash water is not cooler than the fruit temperature or bacteria will move into the fruit or stem end oomycetes pythium damping off also caused by phytophthora spp and rhizoctonia solani growing media can be a source of various soil borne fungi so care must be exercised in selection of the appropriate media and attention paid to characteristics that will allow the growing media to remain moist but not continually wet addition of soil amendments that contribute to suppression of soil borne pathogens can be considered soilgard 12g containing the naturally occurring fungus gliocladium virens is known to be antagonistic to fungi such as pythium and rhizoctonia two of the more common fungi responsible for damping off pythium root rot pythium root rot generally occurs after peppers are transplanted in polyethylene mulch drip irrigation culture cultural practices that contribute to pythium root rot are planting in low areas of the field overwatering in an attempt to reduce wilting and planting into beds with fresh plant material cover crop weeds etc before microbial breakdown of the plant material has occurred the infected roots of infected plants will appear brown rather than white and the cortical tissue of the main affected roots can easily be removed from the central steele with a finger nail after removing transplants from the greenhouse and prior to transplanting plants can be drenched with the systemic fungicide mefenoxam group 4 fungicide ridomil gold 4e or ultra flourish 2e apply ridomil 4e at 0 75 fl oz 2 000 ft2 100 gallons of water or ultra flourish 2e at 1 5 fl oz 200ft2 100 gallons of water phytophthora crown rot and aerial blight phytophthora blight can be one of the most serious diseases affecting pepper as well as eggplants tomatoes and the entire cucurbit family because it affects such a wide range of vegetables growers are challenged to develop adequate rotational strategies consequently control must depend upon cultural chemical and selection of resistant varieties when available phytophthora blight is caused by the soil borne oomycete phytophthora capsici the disease can be divided into two distinct phases a crown rot phase and an aerial blight phase in the crown rot phase of the disease a black girdling lesion occurs at the soil line in some plants the lower tissue of the wilted plants must be removed to expose the girdling lesion in the cortical tissue beneath the epidermis most cases of the crown rot phase occur in july and august in the lower areas of the field and from there the disease can spread to adjoining areas of the field phytophthora is considered a weather event disease meaning that heavy rainfall in excess of 2 inches leading to saturated soils is critical for infections to occur generally soil temperatures are 65 f and air temperatures are in the range of 75 85 f the aerial phase of phytophthora blight occurs later in the season as the spores produced on the lesions of plants infected in the crown rot phase are spread by heavy wind driven rains these typically occur following a tropical storm or hurricane another major weather event infection occurs at the axil of a branch and stem with a 2 3 inch black girdling lesion developing on the stem all of the leaves on the branch above the lesion will wilt and eventually the entire plant dies cultural control measures aim to mitigate the affects of the weather events mentioned above avoid planting in low lying areas of the field that are prone to standing water following rain events raised and dome shaped beds without depressions in the top will allow for speedy movement of moisture away from the crown region of the plants provide drainage at the end of the field to allow excess water to flow out of the fields when crown rot infected plants occur in the field remove infected plants to avoid production of spores leading to the aerial phase of the disease chemical control measures may be necessary to augment the cultural practices mentioned above this is especially true in fields with a history of phytophthora blight and that are likely to experience saturated soils following heavy rains the fungicide mefenoxam group 4 fungicide ridomil gold 4e ultra flourish 2e can be applied as a banded spray over the row shortly after transplanting or it can be injected through the drip irrigation system to protect against the crown rot phase of the disease mefenoxam needs to be reapplied twice at 30 day intervals after the transplant application two weeks after the last application of mefenoxam begin foliar applications of a fixed copper fungicide with a spreader sticker to provide protection against the foliar phase of the disease tanos a mixture of famoxadone group 11 and cymoxanil group 27 is also labeled for peppers for best results tank mix tanos with a copper fungicide and for resistance management do not make more than one application of this mixture before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action resistant varieties are being developed to reduce the incidence of phytophthora blight in pepper resistance genes are required for both the crown rot and aerial phases of the disease and these must be bred into commercially acceptable varieties the varieties emerald isle and reinger possess resistance to the crown rot phase of phytophthora but do not possess sufficient horticultural characteristics to be commercially acceptable the variety paladin has excellent resistance to the crown rot phase of phytophthora but does not provide sufficient resistance toward the aerial phase the variety aristotle provides only tolerance to the crown rot phase and like paladin has insufficient resistance for the aerial phase both paladin and aristotle do have excellent horticultural characteristics similar to the variety camelot one occasional flaw in both paladin and aristotle and possibly related to phytophthora resistance is the development of a silvering pattern on the fruit paladin also develops fine shoulder cracks when allowed to mature to the red stage and is therefore not recommended for the red fruit market additional phytopht...