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author=Algorand Foundation US, Inc.;
description=Learn about the core technology that powers the Algorand protocol, including the AVM, Algorand smart contracts, on-chain randomness, atomic transfers, State Proofs and more.;

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Text of the page (random words):
algorand core tech algorand solutions solutions ready for blockchain that works in the real world algorand is real companies are using algorand to move money verify data tokenize assets deliver aid payments and build products people actually use explore some of their stories in our solutions hub let s go agentic commerce data traceability defi humanitarian payments interoperability digital money tokenization proof developers developers algokit meets you where you are and has all the tools to guide you to success every feature has been thoughtfully engineered to provide a best in class familiar developer experience start building start here algorand docs workshops hackathons view all the global x402 challenge protocols standards xchain accounts liquid auth guides x402 developer guide resources connect on discord discounted service providers view all the global x402 challenge xchain accounts liquid auth x402 developer guide connect on discord discounted service providers participate participate algorand is designed for decentralization its pure proof of stake consensus mechanism makes participation extremely accessible and you can collect rewards for running nodes or staking algo doing your part to secure the network start staking use algorand apps staking rewards run a node xgov portal events join community groups social media channels algorand forum algorand blockchain clubs algobharat social media channels algorand forum algorand blockchain clubs algobharat connect with us search solutions solutions ready for blockchain that works in the real world algorand is real companies are using algorand to move money verify data tokenize assets deliver aid payments and build products people actually use explore some of their stories in our solutions hub let s go agentic commerce data traceability defi humanitarian payments interoperability digital money tokenization proof developers developers algokit meets you where you are and has all the tools to guide you to success every feature has been thoughtfully engineered to provide a best in class familiar developer experience start building start here algorand docs workshops hackathons view all the global x402 challenge protocols standards xchain accounts liquid auth guides x402 developer guide resources connect on discord discounted service providers view all the global x402 challenge xchain accounts liquid auth x402 developer guide connect on discord discounted service providers participate participate algorand is designed for decentralization its pure proof of stake consensus mechanism makes participation extremely accessible and you can collect rewards for running nodes or staking algo doing your part to secure the network start staking use algorand apps staking rewards run a node xgov portal events join community groups social media channels algorand forum algorand blockchain clubs algobharat social media channels algorand forum algorand blockchain clubs algobharat connect with us everything you need in layer 1 the algorand blockchain offers everything you need to develop robust and scalable decentralized applications dapps directly on layer 1 at the heart of this functionality lies the algorand virtual machine avm a trustless and secure execution environment that runs code on algorand enabling the rich functionality of the algorand blockchain this page covers key components and features powered by the avm including introduction to the algorand virtual machine stateless vs stateful smart contracts algorand standard assets asas atomic transfers on chain randomness with verifiable random functions vrfs state proofs for interoperability pure proof of stake ppos consensus post quantum resilient state proofs for interoperability peer to peer p2p network topology together these functionalities showcase how the avm powers algorand s fast secure and developer friendly blockchain ecosystem inside the avm a powerful tool for building applications of the future the avm is a secure execution environment distributed across the algorand network running on every node it contains a stack engine that is fundamental in evaluating and executing smart contracts and smart signatures the avm offers a complete instruction set opcodes that makes it turing complete ensuring it s maximally capable yet with scalability and low costs within a single execution the avm offers an impressive computational budget that can enable the development of complex use cases directly on layer 1 such as financial applications games or defi protocols the avm contains everything a developer or institution needs to build scalable applications on algorand s fast low cost and stable infrastructure including algorand smart contracts with stateless and stateful smart contract capabilities large computational resources and scalable storage with dynamic allocation as of september 2025 the avm is natively programmable in regular semantically and syntactically correct subset of python and typescript a feature unique to the algorand blockchain being a layer 1 execution environment the avm natively interacts with all the other layer 1 features explored in more detail below stateless and stateful smart contracts for power flexibility smart contracts are a core feature of the algorand blockchain powered by the avm these contracts allow developers to build secure and programmable applications on layer 1 transactions involving smart contracts are fast confirm with instant finality and enjoy minimal fees there are two types of smart contracts on algorand stateless and stateful understanding stateless smart contracts stateless smart contracts also called smart signatures are deterministic programmatic apps that do not use the ledger s state in other words their stateless verification only uses data submitted in the transaction as a regular transaction verification with a regular digital signature once evaluated true they stay true regardless of the ledger s state due to their simplicity and efficiency stateless contracts work well for specific use cases such as cryptographic operations which can be demanding in terms of computational budget fee delegation atomic transfers payment channels and escrow services with predefined conditions exploring stateful smart contracts and on chain storage stateful smart contracts also referred to as applications store and manage data on the blockchain allowing them to track information such as the contract s function user balances ownership records and game scores it also enables them to maintain the current state of the contract which can change based on user interactions or pre defined logic stateful smart contracts are useful for decentralized marketplaces automated marketmakers supply chain management loyalty programs gaming real world asset tokenization financial contracts and other sophisticated use cases unlike stateless contracts stateful smart contracts leverage algorand s on chain storage allowing an application s memory to scale elegantly pay as you store through resizable and scalable chunks of memory called boxes more on smart contracts algorand standard assets asas for simplified tokenization algorand standard assets asas are a powerful tokenization framework at layer 1 that can be used to mint fungible and non fungible tokens asas are customizable assets that benefit from the same security compatibility speed and ease of use as the algo asas allow issuers to define and manage tokens with custom features such as whitelisting asset freeze and revoke and asset role based access control rbac these assets can represent anything such as real world assets stablecoins tickets in game items and loyalty points unlike other blockchains that rely on smart contracts to create tokens asas are a built in layer 1 feature they are defined with simple declarations making them easier and faster to create without potential bugs more on asas atomic transfers for trustless transactions atomic transfers simplify transactions on the blockchain enabling immediate settlement for a group of transactions with this mechanism all the transactions within a group are treated as a single unit if any transaction in the group fails the entire group fails and none of the transactions are executed this ensures a level of certainty and eliminates the risk of one party completing their leg of a transaction while another party s leg remains incomplete atomic transfers are a core part of the algorand layer 1 they support escrow services decentralized exchanges dexs multi party payments like group payments delivery vs payments and sending funds to multiple recipients simultaneously in practice they function as instant and final multi party agreements eliminating counterparty risk and code risk they achieve this by guaranteeing a specific and predetermined order of execution for multiple transactions within a single group more on atomic transfers on chain randomness algorand s on chain randomness beacon offers a secure trustless and verifiable way to generate cryptographically secure randomness this is vital for provably fair gaming random nft generation lottery and raffle systems and other situations requiring a fair and random number however blockchains are deterministic machines you give them an input and they deliver an output the antithesis of random algorand has achieved this cryptographically secure randomness through vrfs and cryptographic tools with two vital characteristics verifiability and unpredictability the randomness beacon calls the same vrf used by the algorand consensus protocol to generate verifiable pseudo random values stored on chain no one not even the randomness beacon can predict the number beforehand and anyone can confirm that the number was generated fairly and not tampered with these random values can be used by any smart contract deployed on the algorand blockchain more on randomness post quantum resilient state proofs for interoperability state proofs extend trustless transactions beyond the algorand ecosystem acting as a tool for outbound verification of algorand in other blockchain ecosystems they provide a secure way for other blockchains to check the state of the algorand blockchain including account balances and transactions this is particularly useful for building trustless interoperable applications without relying on a centralized intermediary like a bridge or validator network at the forefront of innovation algorand state proofs achieve this trustlessly with post quantum resilient compact certificates that attest and compress the ledger s state changes happening in every 256 rounds state proofs provide a compressed representation of recent transactions allowing light clients on other blockchains to efficiently track algorand s state without needing to download the entire blockchain more on state proofs sustainable at its core pure proof of stake ppos is designed with sustainability in mind the lightweight ppos selection process and block proposal system eliminates the need for multiple validators to expend energy creating several confirmation blocks as seen in some pos systems with ppos there s no wasted energy on forks or block reorganizations any energy spent on the validation of orphaned soft forks is ultimately wasted whilst all energy used by algorand is 100 beneficial to the network transactions are validated and finalized quickly minimizing energy consumption the genius of ppos is that it maintains low energy usage even as the algorand network scales and processes more transactions more about sustainability network topology algorand s network topology algorand moves data through repeaters validators handle consensus and connect to repeaters for propagation of blocks and participation messages validators can auto discover repeaters through the p2p gossip network all elements of the algorand network are permissionless what p2p does p2p is a permissionless mesh where nodes discover peers and exchange data via gossip with p2p nodes discover and connect to repeaters on a global mesh using a modern gossip protocol this approach adds independent routes for data improves robustness under load and strengthens resistance to censorship node types at a glance a validator runs consensus and validates blocks a repeater is a high bandwidth node that propagates blocks and transactions an archiver stores full ledger history and on p2p can advertise block and catchpoint serving for fast sync an api provider exposes the live ledger through the algod api so apps can read state simulate and submit transactions learn more about algorand technology pure proof of stake quantum readiness sustainability 2025 roadmap research technology pure proof of stake inside the core technology the algo post quantum readiness sustainability research analytics portal portal resources blog brand kit algorand founding story partners faqs ecosystem ecosystem directory algorand foundation careers transparency team board algorand ventures contact events social media code of conduct swag store archive become an algo insider sign up for the algo insights newsletter to get ecosystem news and updates direct to your inbox each month 2026 the algorand foundation us inc is a delaware corporation carbon neutral since 2021 privacy policy disclaimers