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Text of the page (random words):
so that they can exploit the vulnerability to execute code in kernel mode this process is sometimes referred to as bring your own vulnerable driver byovd 1 2 adversaries may include the vulnerable driver with files delivered during initial access or download it to a compromised system via ingress tool transfer or lateral tool transfer id t1068 sub techniques no sub techniques ⓘ tactic privilege escalation ⓘ platforms containers linux windows macos contributors david tayouri idan revivo idanr86 team nautilus aqua security joas antonio dos santos c0d3cr4zy inmetrics yaniv agman agmanyaniv team nautilus aqua security version 1 6 created 31 may 2017 last modified 24 october 2025 version permalink live version procedure examples id name description g0007 apt28 apt28 has exploited cve 2014 4076 cve 2015 2387 cve 2015 1701 cve 2017 0263 and cve 2022 38028 to escalate privileges 3 4 5 6 g0016 apt29 apt29 has exploited cve 2021 36934 to escalate privileges on a compromised host 7 g0050 apt32 apt32 has used cve 2016 7255 to escalate privileges 8 g0064 apt33 apt33 has used a publicly available exploit for cve 2017 0213 to escalate privileges on a local system 9 g1002 bitter bitter has exploited cve 2021 1732 for privilege escalation 10 11 g1043 blackbyte blackbyte has exploited cve 2024 37085 in vmware esxi software for authentication bypass and subsequent privilege escalation 12 s1181 blackbyte 2 0 ransomware blackbyte 2 0 ransomware exploits a vulnerability in the rtcore64 sys driver cve 2019 16098 to enable privilege escalation and defense evasion when run as a service 13 s0484 carberp carberp has exploited multiple windows vulnerabilities cve 2010 2743 cve 2010 3338 cve 2010 4398 cve 2008 1084 and a net runtime optimization vulnerability for privilege escalation 14 15 g0080 cobalt group cobalt group has used exploits to increase their levels of rights and privileges 16 s0154 cobalt strike cobalt strike can exploit vulnerabilities such as ms14 058 17 18 s0050 cosmicduke cosmicduke attempts to exploit privilege escalation vulnerabilities cve 2010 0232 or cve 2010 4398 19 s1247 embargo embargo has leveraged ms4killer to deliver a vulnerable driver to the victim device sometimes referred to as bring your own vulnerable driver byovd 20 embargo has utilized the vulnerable driver probmon sys version 3 0 0 4 which had a revoked certificated from itm system co ltd 20 s0363 empire empire can exploit vulnerabilities such as ms16 032 and ms16 135 21 g0037 fin6 fin6 has used tools to exploit windows vulnerabilities in order to escalate privileges the tools targeted cve 2013 3660 cve 2011 2005 and cve 2010 4398 all of which could allow local users to access kernel level privileges 22 g0061 fin8 fin8 has exploited the cve 2016 0167 local vulnerability 23 24 g0125 hafnium hafnium has targeted unpatched applications to elevate access in targeted organizations 25 s0601 hildegard hildegard has used the botb tool which exploits cve 2019 5736 26 s0260 invisimole invisimole has exploited cve 2007 5633 vulnerability in the speedfan sys driver to obtain kernel mode privileges 1 s0044 jhuhugit jhuhugit has exploited cve 2015 1701 and cve 2015 2387 to escalate privileges 27 28 g1004 lapsus lapsus has exploited unpatched vulnerabilities on internally accessible servers including jira gitlab and confluence for privilege escalation 29 c0049 leviathan australian intrusions leviathan exploited software vulnerabilities in victim environments to escalate privileges during leviathan australian intrusions 30 g1019 moustachedbouncer moustachedbouncer has exploited cve 2021 1732 to execute malware components with elevated rights 31 g0049 oilrig oilrig has exploited the windows kernel elevation of privilege vulnerability cve 2024 30088 32 s0664 pandora pandora can use cve 2017 15303 to bypass windows driver signature enforcement dse protection and load its driver 33 g0068 platinum platinum has leveraged a zero day vulnerability to escalate privileges 34 s0378 poshc2 poshc2 contains modules for local privilege escalation exploits such as cve 2016 9192 and cve 2016 0099 35 s0654 prolock prolock can use cve 2019 0859 to escalate privileges on a compromised host 36 s0125 remsec remsec has a plugin to drop and execute vulnerable outpost sandbox or avast virtualization drivers in order to gain kernel mode privileges 37 g1015 scattered spider scattered spider has deployed a malicious kernel driver through exploitation of cve 2015 2291 in the intel ethernet diagnostics driver for windows iqvw64 sys 38 c0045 shadowray during shadowray threat actors downloaded a privilege escalation payload to gain root access 39 s0623 siloscape siloscape has leveraged a vulnerability in windows containers to perform an escape to host 40 s0603 stuxnet stuxnet used ms10 073 and an undisclosed task scheduler vulnerability to escalate privileges on local windows machines 41 g0027 threat group 3390 threat group 3390 has used cve 2014 6324 and cve 2017 0213 to escalate privileges 42 43 g0131 tonto team tonto team has exploited cve 2019 0803 and ms16 032 to escalate privileges 44 g0010 turla turla has exploited vulnerabilities in the vboxdrv sys driver to obtain kernel mode privileges 2 g1048 unc3886 unc3886 has exploited zero day vulnerability cve 2023 20867 to enable execution of privileged commands across windows linux and photonos vcenter guest vms 45 g1017 volt typhoon volt typhoon has gained initial access by exploiting privilege escalation vulnerabilities in the operating system or network services 46 g0107 whitefly whitefly has used an open source tool to exploit a known windows privilege escalation vulnerability cve 2016 0051 on unpatched computers 47 s0176 wingbird wingbird exploits cve 2016 4117 to allow an executable to gain escalated privileges 48 s0658 xcsset xcsset has used a zero day exploit in the ssh launchdaemon to elevate privileges and bypass sip 49 s1151 zerocleare zerocleare has used a vulnerable signed vboxdrv driver to bypass microsoft driver signature enforcement dse protections and subsequently load the unsigned rawdisk driver 50 g0128 zirconium zirconium has exploited cve 2017 0005 for local privilege escalation 51 s0672 zox zox has the ability to leverage local and remote exploits to escalate privileges 52 mitigations id mitigation description m1048 application isolation and sandboxing make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in these systems may still exist 53 m1038 execution prevention consider blocking the execution of known vulnerable drivers that adversaries may exploit to execute code in kernel mode validate driver block rules in audit mode to ensure stability prior to production deployment 54 m1050 exploit protection security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as windows defender exploit guard wdeg and the enhanced mitigation experience toolkit emet can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior 55 control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring 56 many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility and may not work for software components targeted for privilege escalation m1019 threat intelligence program develop a robust cyber threat intelligence capability to determine what types and levels of threat may use software exploits and 0 days against a particular organization m1051 update software update software regularly by employing patch management for internal enterprise endpoints and servers detection strategy id name analytic id analytic description det0514 detection strategy for exploitation for privilege escalation an1419 detects exploitation attempts targeting vulnerable kernel drivers or os components often followed by unusual process or token behavior an1420 detects escalation via vulnerable setuid binaries or kernel modules often chained with unusual access to proc kallsyms or dev kmem an1421 detects use of vulnerable kernel extensions or entitlements abused via setuid or applescript injection chains an1422 detects container breakout behavior via exploitation e g dirtypipe cve 2022 0847 followed by host os interaction or escalated capability assignment references hromcova z and cherpanov a 2020 june invisimole the hidden part of the story retrieved july 16 2020 reichel d and idrizovic e 2020 june 17 acidbox rare malware repurposing turla group exploit targeted russian organizations retrieved march 16 2021 bitdefender 2015 december apt28 under the scope retrieved february 23 2017 anthe c et al 2015 october 19 microsoft security intelligence report volume 19 retrieved december 23 2015 kaspersky lab s global research analysis team 2018 february 20 a slice of 2017 sofacy activity retrieved november 27 2018 koessel sean adair steven lancaster tom 2024 november 22 the nearest neighbor attack how a russian apt weaponized nearby wi fi networks for covert access retrieved february 25 2025 eset 2022 february threat report t3 2021 retrieved february 10 2022 carr n 2017 may 14 cyber espionage is alive and well apt32 and the threat to global corporations retrieved june 18 2017 ackerman g et al 2018 december 21 overruled containing a potentially destructive adversary retrieved january 17 2019 jinquan madongze tuxiaoyi and lihao 2021 february 10 windows kernel zero day exploit cve 2021 1732 is used by bitter apt in targeted attack retrieved june 1 2022 microsoft 2018 february 9 windows win32k elevation of privilege vulnerability cve 2021 1732 retrieved june 1 2022 james nutland craig jackson terryn valikodath brennan evans 2024 august 28 blackbyte blends tried and true tradecraft with newly disclosed vulnerabilities to support ongoing attacks retrieved december 16 2024 microsoft incident response 2023 july 6 the five day job a blackbyte ransomware intrusion case study retrieved december 16 2024 matrosov a rodionov e volkov d harley d 2012 march 2 win32 carberp when you re in a black hole stop digging retrieved july 15 2020 giuliani m allievi a 2011 february 28 carberp a modular information stealing trojan retrieved september 12 2024 matveeva v 2017 august 15 secrets of cobalt retrieved october 10 2018 cobalt strike 2017 december 8 tactics techniques and procedures retrieved november 17 2024 strategic cyber llc 2020 november 5 cobalt strike advanced threat tactics for penetration testers retrieved april 13 2021 f secure labs 2015 september 17 the dukes 7 years of russian cyberespionage retrieved december 10 2015 jan holman tomas zvara 2024 october 23 embargo ransomware rock n rust retrieved october 19 2025 schroeder w warner j nelson m n d github powershellempire retrieved april 28 2016 fireeye threat intelligence 2016 april follow the money dissecting the operations of the cyber crime group fin6 retrieved november 17 2024 kizhakkinan d et al 2016 may 11 threat actor leverages windows zero day exploit in payment card data attacks retrieved february 12 2018 elovitz s ahl i 2016 august 18 know your enemy new financially motivated spear phishing group retrieved february 26 2018 microsoft threat intelligence 2025 march 5 silk typhoon targeting it supply chain retrieved march 20 2025 chen j et al 2021 february 3 hildegard new teamtnt cryptojacking malware targeting kubernetes retrieved april 5 2021 eset 2016 october en route with sednit part 1 approaching the target retrieved november 8 2016 eset research 2015 july 10 sednit apt group meets hacking team retrieved march 1 2017 mstic dart m365 defender 2022 march 24 dev 0537 criminal actor targeting organizations for data exfiltration and destruction retrieved may 17 2022 cisa et al 2024 july 8 people s republic of china prc ministry of state security apt40 tradecraft in action retrieved february 3 2025 faou m 2023 august 10 moustachedbouncer espionage against foreign diplomats in belarus retrieved september 25 2023 fahmy m et al 2024 october 11 earth simnavaz aka apt34 levies advanced cyberattacks against middle east retrieved november 27 2024 lunghi d and lu k 2021 april 9 iron tiger apt updates toolkit with evolved sysupdate malware retrieved november 12 2021 windows defender advanced threat hunting team 2016 april 29 platinum targeted attacks in south and southeast asia retrieved february 15 2018 nettitude 2018 july 23 python server for poshc2 retrieved april 23 2019 group ib 2020 september lock like a pro retrieved november 17 2024 kaspersky lab s global research analysis team 2016 august 9 the projectsauron apt technical analysis retrieved august 17 2016 crowdstrike 2023 january 10 scattered spider exploits windows security deficiencies with bring your own vulnerable driver tactic in attempt to bypass endpoint security retrieved july 5 2023 lumelsly a et al 2024 march 26 shadowray first known attack campaign targeting ai workloads actively exploited in the wild retrieved december 2 2024 prizmant d 2021 june 7 siloscape first known malware targeting windows containers to compromise cloud environments retrieved june 9 2021 nicolas falliere liam o murchu eric chien 2011 february w32 stuxnet dossier version 1 4 retrieved november 17 2024 counter threat unit research team 2017 june 27 bronze union cyberespionage persists despite disclosures retrieved july 13 2017 global threat center intelligence team 2020 december apt27 turns to ransomware retrieved november 12 2021 daniel lughi jaromir horejsi 2020 october 2 tonto team exploring the ttps of an advanced threat actor operating a large infrastructure retrieved october 17 2021 alexander marvi brad slaybaugh ron craft and rufus brown 2023 june 13 vmware esxi zero day used by chinese espionage actor to perform privileged guest operations on compromised hypervisors retrieved march 26 2025 cisa et al 2024 february 7 prc state sponsored actors compromise and maintain persistent access to u s critical infrastructure retrieved may 15 2024 symantec 2019 march 6 whitefly espionage group has singapore in its sights retrieved may 26 2020 anthe c et al 2016 december 14 microsoft security intelligence report volume 21 retrieved november 27 2017 mac threat response mobile research team 2020 august 13 the xcsset malware inserts malicious code into xcode projects performs uxss backdoor planting in safari and leverages two zero day exploits retrieved october 5 2021 kessem l 2019 december 4 new destructive wiper zerocleare targets energy sector in the middle east retrieved september 4 2024 itkin e and cohen i 2021 february 22 the story of jian how apt31 stole and used an unknown equation group 0 day retrieved march 24 2021 novetta n d operation smn axiom threat actor group report retrieved november 12 2014 goodin d 2017 march 17 virtual machine escape fetches 105 000 ...