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boat race were an early engineering triumph the launch magician being fitted with a short wave transmitter in the stem children s hour had existed since broadcasting began at five o clock each day the aunts and uncles took the air the first wireless orchestra concert was given in june 1923 by percy pitt dan godfrey was the regular conductor kneale kelley first violin mr churchill s first broadcast was an appeal for wireless for the blind vernon bartlett on foreign affairs became famous tommy handley was as much at home with the meatsafe as he is with its more elegant successors the reading of his play o flaherty v c by bernard shaw in 1924 was an unforgettable experience the speeches of philip snowden revealed another master of spoken english which was not stereotyped through a generation youth has been served by russ j graham on 26 december 1947 in savoy hill through a generation youth has been served one afternoon in april 1924 sir walford davies talked and played to schools programmes then normally began later in the day two other authorities with the gift of imparting knowledge easily sir william bragg and sir oliver lodge spoke to schools that spring in this informal almost casual way new horizons were opened and school broadcasting which is now a part of the national system of education began bringing outstanding men and women to the microphone however is still one of the main things that it seeks to do the children listening in the first picture are fathers and mothers now there are 16 000 listening schools the number grows each year with a larger audience has gone increased specialization music and movement world history english geography science and modern languages schools have their own news commentaries travel talks orchestral concerts a full broadcasting service in miniature in fact mary somerville director of school broadcasting from 1929 1947 has been its architect and inspiration farewell savoy hill by russ j graham on 25 december 1947 in savoy hill sir john reith locks the door of savoy hill for the last time farewell savoy hill when parliament decided that the bbc should have a royal charter for ten years from 1926 a new organization operating a modern medium was lent the dignity and colour of an ancient form the bbc had its own coat of arms and flew its own flag it directed its own activities without interference and controlled its own monies the charter called on the bbc to develop broadcasting to the best advantage and in the national interest the expanding policy of the years after 1926 showed that the bbc had accepted the full measure of that charge a high standard of musical performances was set symphonic and operatic plays specially written for broadcasting were encouraged men and women distinguished in the arts and sciences were invited to the microphone a parliamentary ban on political controversy at the microphone was raised in 1928 in 1932 the bbc began a service on short waves to the commonwealth it was an act of faith and of high technical skill success was certain after king george v s christmas day broadcast the metal instrument box had grown new and more powerful wings welcome broadcasting house by russ j graham on 24 december 1947 in broadcasting house welcome broadcasting house the broadcasting stream of information and entertainment could not be contained within the first broadcasting headquarters at savoy hill a site for a new building was just above oxford circus at the end of portland place the architect s problem was to build twenty two studios which would be entirely insulated from sounds and at the same time to provide a large number of day lit offices the solution was found in arranging the offices as an outer shell round an inner core of studios which were planned as a separate building the outer shell with its cutaway roof took on the likeness of a great ship with its prow pointing to the heart of london three aerial masts on the roof expressed the function of the new broadcasting house ariel invisible spirit of the air was chosen as the personification of broadcasting in a niche above the main entrance a sculptured group by eric gill showed prospero ariel s master sending him out into the world it was and is though no longer a dazzling white among the greys a twentieth century building for a twentieth century institution broadcasting house shortly after it was opened in 1932 control rooms and their functions by russ j graham on 23 december 1947 in broadcasting house control rooms and their functions in the earliest days balance and control were effected by placing the artists relative to the microphone but the original control rooms such as that at savoy hill 1 soon became necessary following improvements in microphones to accommodate the technicians who controlled the volume and the amplifiers required to feed the programmes to the transmitters a little later separate rooms 2 with loudspeakers were provided for controlling programmes involving a special knowledge of music as the service developed broadcasting stations did not have to rely on their own resources for all their programmes and many were broadcast simultaneously from a number of transmitters thus the additional functions of programme co ordination and routeing and network operation were imposed on the control room and these have tended to obscure the original function from which the name derives the control room originally on the top floor of broadcasting house london 6 was an example of this phase but even here separate cubicles were provided for the control of programmes of serious music and also dramatic control rooms 3 for handling complex programmes involving many studios or other sources of material later technical developments have obviated the need for centralizing all the amplifiers and their power supplies in the control room and more recent installations have reverted to the principle of a control cubicle associated with each studio and separated from it by a sound resisting window the apparatus 4 provides nearly all the facilities available in the earlier dramatic control rooms and the control cubicles work in conjunction with continuity suites where the programme services are co ordinated and presented and a central control room now devoted almost entirely to the operation of the networks of transmitters the testing and equalization of the g p o cables between studio centres and transmitting stations and the handling of all the complicated technical routine inseparable from a large broadcasting organization an example of this style of central control room is that built in the war in a variety studio in the sub basement of broadcasting house london 5 to replace the original too vulnerable control room already mentioned this principle has proved so successful that future developments will be basically the same but a dialling system similar to automatic telephone practice will replace the present plug and socket arrangements for programme selection and distribution oxford street to brookmans park by russ j graham on 22 december 1947 in broadcasting house oxford street to brookmans park the first bbc transmitter was installed in marconi house london 1 and was the first of a number of 1 kw transmitters each located near the centre of the town it served soon more spacious accommodation was required and as engineering advances had made it possible to separate the transmitters from the studios in 1923 the head office and london studios moved to savoy hill and in 1925 a 2 kw transmitter was installed on the roof of a shop in oxford street 4 this and similar transmitters in larger towns such as bournemouth 3 radiated local programmes on medium waves and a big advance was the introduction in 1925 of an additional national programme broadcast by a 25 kw long wave transmitter at daventry the next main development came in 1929 with the opening of brookman s park the first of the high power twin wave regional stations these each contained two separate 50 kw transmitters one for the regional the other for the common national programme these transmitters were of much improved design and were housed in glass fronted cabinets increasing interference from european stations and electrical equipment made it necessary to augment the service in parts of the country in 1934 a long wave transmitter of the then unprecedented power of 150 kw at droitwich took over the broadcasting of the national programme and additional medium wave transmitters reinforced the regional service burghead n scotland 2 is typical of these modem broadcasting transmitters entirely enclosed remotely controlled and capable of radiating 120 kw series loaded mast radiators which give results comparable to those of higher simple masts were provided at start point in 1937 and brookmans park below in 1946 the microphone at large by russ j graham on 21 december 1947 in broadcasting house the microphone at large outside broadcasting whose aim is to transport the listener from his hearth and make him feel that he not only hears but sees what is going on in the world outside was presented with new opportunities in 1935 jubilee year was full of pageantry of sight and sound on a may morning the commentators from their points of vantage led the listener with the king and queen in progress to their thanksgiving service from temple bar up ludgate hill and into st paul s against a background of cheering crowd and clattering escort they created a sound picture which rang round the world but the ubiquitous o b in the nineteen thirties had plenty to do on other and less solemn occasions tattoo launching horse race country festival after dinner speech evensong prom hotel danceband all were outside broadcasts the public wanted them all and more of them broadcasting house by russ j graham on 20 december 1947 in broadcasting house architects and bbc engineers created in broadcasting house twenty two studios whose design decoration and acoustic properties were ahead of any in the world speaking aloud to every ear by russ j graham on 18 december 1947 in broadcasting house speaking aloud to every ear in the thirties talks and discussions at the microphone took an increasingly important place in the broadcasting scheme a number of special services were provided which came to be regarded as a regular and essential commitment talks to women on domestic subjects surveys of developments in science reviews of books films and plays sports criticisms talks for farmers and for gardeners foreign language courses talks on musical appreciation and on economic events the pattern laid down in those years is still followed to a large extent today but in addition experiments were made with increasing confidence in the field of political and social controversy a series such as whither britain brought to the microphone the sharply distinguished viewpoints of such men as h g wells winston churchill lloyd george bernard shaw and walter elliott time to spare brought vividly home the implications of the great social evil of the time unemployment by using the voices of men and women who were themselves out of work regional programmes such as midland parliament which is still running in 1948 and northern cockpit presented the local bearing of topics which formed the basis of talk in club and pub and railway carriage up and down the country the lives and problems of those living outside the united kingdom were dealt with historically pictorially and polemically the widely divergent opinions which were given expression on the india bill of 1935 constituted a broadcasting landmark unrehearsed debates in which two selected speakers with a chairman argued without notes anticipated the brains trust technique which later became famous the year 1936 was one of major importance for british broadcasting both for the opportunities it provided for the reflection of great national events the death and funeral of king george v at its beginning and the abdication of king edward viii at its end and in its domestic history since after inquiry by select committee and discussion by parliament the bbc s charter was renewed for a further ten years this too was the year in which television opened the bbc set up a staff training school to train its recruits in the policy and practice of broadcasting and the bbc inaugurated a listener research unit to keep in touch with the habits and taste of its public meanwhile the body of listeners by the middle of the decade licences had reached seven million had come to expect from the bbc a service which touched life at all points and which was a constant source of refreshment and recreation in music the symphony orchestra gained fresh laurels for studio performances and public concerts alike in religious broadcasts the ideal of proclaiming the principles common to all christian denominations found expression not only in learned addresses but in the simplicities of the much loved sunday epilogue in entertainment st george s hall became the celebrated headquarters of music hall concert parties musical potpourri sophisticated revue and musical plays old and new bitter sweet with evelyn laye was one of many musical comedies and light operas to run for two hours thus providing an evening s full and continuous enjoyment sight joins sound on its journey by russ j graham on 17 december 1947 in broadcasting house television service sir noel ashbridge bbc chief engineer crouching by the camera supervises arrangements for televising the coronation sight joins sound on its journey when king george vi and queen elizabeth in their coronation coach reached hyde park corner on 12 may 1937 they were seen not only by the throng lining the processional route but by an army of people scattered over the home counties from cambridge in the north to brighton in the south this was television bending the resources of a modem phenomenon to the illustration of an ancient ceremony after experiments had been carried on for some years the television headquarters of the bbc at alexandra palace on london s northern heights settled down to regular programmes on a single standard of 405 lines for two and a half hours every weekday from the studios came items varying from tap dancing to grand opera from a mobile unit came pictures not only of the coronation but of wimbledon tennis the lord mayor s show the cenotaph ceremony on armistice day and pet s corner at the zoo the international crisis of 1938 underlined the actuality possible to television and to no other medium for viewers in their homes saw mr neville chamberlain stepping from his aircraft at heston and holding aloft the fluttering piece of paper which he and hitler had signed at munich although the official estimate of the range of signals was a modest thirty five to forty miles there were sets in regular use in the isle of wight and gloucestershire in the years before the war the inhabitants of north london came to accept the giant mast on the ...