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se to the covid 19 pandemic a historical archive the quiet numbers station decoding nineteen years of gps cryptography the global positioning system gps relies on its primary l1 frequency to broadcast precise timing and orbital data allowing receivers on earth to calculate their exact location because the l1 c a signal transmits at just fifty bits per second every bit of this navigation data must earn its place yet within this highly constrained signal the standard sets aside subframe 4 page 17 a 176 bit field broadcast every 12 5 minutes for special messages with the specific contents at the discretion of the operating command while the official specification suggests it carries readable text the reality is entirely different for nearly twenty years this channel has acted as a global numbers station broadcasting military ciphertext on a public signal to billions of receivers in plain sight analysing a nineteen year archive to understand what these broadcasts actually contain we analysed an archive of 24 09 million observations collected between 2007 and early 2026 to make interactive processing of this dataset practical we built a julia pipeline to extract the bits directly into a duckdb database this setup allowed us to run queries across nineteen years of global ground station data in milliseconds the results are summarised below and further details can be found in the may june 2026 edition of inside gnss the empty field that wasn t gps otad and two decades of encrypted broadcasts our first question was basic is this field carrying text in an unusual format or is it true ciphertext we calculated the marginal entropy of the payloads using a compression model trained on our data the results matched a synthetic baseline of random noise almost perfectly by every statistical measure the gps messages are indistinguishable from random data but we found a few clear structural exceptions first we found intentional placeholders satellites frequently broadcast 22 bytes of 0xaa the cp437 negation glyph in binary 0xaa is 10101010 a standard test pattern used in hardware to check connections and frame alignment a satellite sending this pattern is effectively stating that no operational payload is loaded continue reading the quiet numbers station decoding nineteen years of gps cryptography posted on 2026 06 02 2026 06 24 author steven j murdoch categories authentication cryptography hardware information hiding measurement mobile privacy public policy 2 comments on the quiet numbers station decoding nineteen years of gps cryptography a festschrift celebration for professor angela sasse on 31 march 2026 university college london will be hosting a festschrift symposium for professor angela sasse to recognise and celebrate her contributions to the field of computer science and human centred security specifically we are seeking scientific contributions to a volume that will be presented at the event submissions will be selected by a committee of her students and colleagues with accepted papers being made available online following the event submissions are limited to eight pages in lncs format excluding bibliography and any appendices and a maximum of ten pages total shorter submissions are encouraged on a topic inspired by relating to or commenting on the broad area of professor sasse s research the theme of the event will be users are not the enemy but this should be interpreted as a springboard for ideas rather than as a constraint the deadline for submissions is 31 december 2025 for further details including timelines and submission instructions please see https sassefest cs ucl ac uk posted on 2025 10 21 author ingolf becker author steven j murdoch categories infosec group security usability seminars talks and panels leave a comment on a festschrift celebration for professor angela sasse 5 wrench attacks when cryptocurrency crime get physical for years the world of cryptocurrency has been synonymous with cutting edge digital security and the constant threat of sophisticated cyberattacks the community has honed its skills in protecting its assets from malware fraudsters and cybercriminals but what if the biggest threat to your cryptocurrency is not lurking in the digital shadows but right outside your door wielding something as primitive as a wrench our paper investigating wrench attacks physical attacks targeting cryptocurrency users published in the advances in financial technology conference aft 2024 shatters the illusion that cryptocurrency crime is purely an online phenomenon it exposes a deeply unsettling reality physical wrench attacks crimes where perpetrators use force or the threat of force to steal cryptocurrencies these attacks are violent underreported and alarmingly effective in recent months the cryptocurrency ecosystem has been shaken by a surge of serious and violent wrench attacks including kidnappings and murders an example is the recent kidnapping of david ballad the co founder of ledger the famous cryptocurrency hardware wallet company wrench attacks have existed since bitcoin s early days even affecting prominent figures in the space like hal finney beyond the keyboard what is a 5 wrench attack the term wrench attack originated from a popular xkcd webcomic depicting a scenario where a physical threat a 5 wrench is used to extract information from a victim s computer bypassing complicated digital security without the need for technical efforts in the context of cryptocurrency these attacks are precisely that old school physical assaults or threats targeting cryptocurrency owners to illegally seize their assets or the means to access them in our paper we propose the first formal legal definition of the attack in addition to its crime elements as per criminal law norms to help identify the precise scope and measurement of the attack what makes these attacks so distinct and perilous compared to any other cryptocurrency crime continue reading 5 wrench attacks when cryptocurrency crime get physical posted on 2025 07 22 2025 07 20 author marilyne ordekian categories blockchain crime science cryptocurrencies cyber crime law enforcement legal issues measurement public policy leave a comment on 5 wrench attacks when cryptocurrency crime get physical protect now reveal later a scalable time lock puzzle solution time lock puzzles allow a message to be locked today and only revealed after a certain amount of time has passed this idea has wide reaching applications from delayed cryptocurrency payments and sealed bid auctions to time based access control and zero knowledge proofs in our latest work we present the concept of delegated time lock puzzles d tlps a new scalable framework that supports secure outsourcing of time lock puzzle generation and solving even when different clients and servers have vastly different computational capabilities the full paper scalable time lock puzzles is presented at acm asiaccs 2025 and is a collaboration between researchers at newcastle university university college london and the university of oxford the problem tlps aren t built for scale existing tlps often assume a server has the computational power to solve a puzzle within a time interval which is an assumption that breaks down quickly in practice imagine two clients each create a tlp one is meant to unlock in 24 hours the other in 40 hours a server receiving both would need to solve them in parallel performing 64 hours of computation worse still if hundreds or thousands of puzzles are submitted the server s workload becomes unrealistic current solutions like chained or batchable tlps don t help when time intervals vary or clients are unrelated continue reading protect now reveal later a scalable time lock puzzle solution posted on 2025 06 27 2025 06 27 author aydin abadi categories cryptography leave a comment on protect now reveal later a scalable time lock puzzle solution a privacy framework for research using social media data social media data enables researchers to understand current events and human behavior with unprecedented ease and scale yet researchers often violate user privacy when they access process and store sensitive information contained within social media data social media has proved largely beneficial for research studies measuring the spread of covid 19 and predicting crime highlight the valuable insights that are not possible without the big data present on social media lurking within these datasets though are intimate personal stories related to sensitive topics such as sexual abuse pregnancy loss and gender transition both anonymously and in identifying ways in our latest paper presented at the 2025 ieee symposium on security and privacy sok a privacy framework for security research using social media data we examine the tensions in social media research between pursuing better science enabled by social media data and protecting social media users privacy we focus our efforts on security and privacy research as it can involve sensitive topics such as misinformation harassment and abuse as well as the need for security researchers to be held to a higher standard when revealing vulnerabilities that impact companies and users methodology toward this end we conducted a systematic literature review of security literature on social media we collected over 10 000 papers from six different disciplines computer security and cryptography csc data mining and analysis dma human computer interaction hci humanities literature arts communication hlac social sciences criminology ssc and social sciences forensic science ssfs our final dataset included 601 papers across 16 years after iterating through several screening rounds how do security researchers handle privacy of social media data our most alarming finding is that only 35 of papers mention any considerations of data anonymization availability and storage this means that security and privacy researchers are failing to report how they handle user privacy continue reading a privacy framework for research using social media data posted on 2025 05 15 author kyle beadle categories legal issues machine learning measurement privacy public policy social networks leave a comment on a privacy framework for research using social media data mitigating deep reinforcement learning backdoors this post introduces the problem of backdoors embedded in deep reinforcement learning agents and discusses our proposed defence for more technical details please see our paper and the project s repo deep reinforcement learning drl has the potential to be a game changer in process automation from automating the decision making in self driving cars to aiding medical diagnosis to even advancing nuclear fusion plasma control efficiency while the real world applications for drl are innumerable the development process of drl models is resource intensive by nature and often exceeds the resource allocation limits of smaller entities leading to a dependency on large organisations this reliance introduces significant risks including potential policy defects that can result in unsafe agent behaviour during certain phases of its operation instances of unsafe agent behaviour can stem from backdoor attacks aimed at drl agent policies backdoor attacks on ai agents involve intentional policy defects designed to trigger unexpected agent behaviour deviations given specific environmental cues an example of a standard backdoor can be seen in the top left corner figure 1b which appears in the form of a 3 3 grey pixel that unexpectedly appears every given interval leading to deviations in drl agent behaviour figure 1a and 1b gifs of atari breakout episodes showing a clean drl policy without a backdoor trigger encapsulated in a red outline and a backdoored policy of a drl agent with a grey 3 3 pixel trigger in figure 1a and 1b respectively the state of the art solution against backdoor attacks currently proposes defence against standard backdoors however the solution requires extensive compute time to successfully sanitise the drl agent from the poisoned policies ingrained within figure 1b below illustrates how the defence successfully filters the backdoor policy by creating a safe subspace to remove anomalous states in the environment and allow benign agent operations figure 2a and 2b gifs of an atari breakout episode played by a poisoned drl agent with a standard backdoor trigger added in the top left corner encapsulated inside a red outline 2a is an episode with no defence and 1b is an episode with the current state of the art defence and sanitisation algorithm continue reading mitigating deep reinforcement learning backdoors posted on 2024 08 07 2024 08 07 author vasilios mavroudis categories machine learning leave a comment on mitigating deep reinforcement learning backdoors exploring the edges of blockchain technology a deep dive into mev and oracles in the dynamic world of blockchain technology a research note from authors at the financial conduct authority fca and university college london ucl delves into the complex territories of maximal extractable value mev and blockchain oracles presenting a nuanced study that underscores both the potential and the pitfalls of these advanced concepts in cryptoasset services and decentralised finance defi at the heart of this exploration lies mev a concept that thrives on the transparency and ordering of transactions within blockchain networks while it heralds a new era of value extraction it also opens the door to strategies that may skirt the ethical line raising concerns over market fairness and the integrity of transactional processes from the beneficial arbitrage opportunities to the controversial practices of front running and sandwich attacks mev presents a multifaceted phenomenon that demands a keen understanding of its implications equally significant are blockchain oracles pivotal in bridging the on chain and off chain worlds these conduits of information are indispensable for the seamless operation of smart contracts yet they bear vulnerabilities that can be exploited casting a shadow over their reliability the study highlights the delicate balance that must be struck in the design and implementation of oracles stressing the importance of robust data sources decentralisation and innovative solutions to mitigate risks continue reading exploring the edges of blockchain technology a deep dive into mev and oracles posted on 2024 02 06 2024 02 06 author arthur gervais categories blockchain cryptocurrencies legal issues public policy leave a comment on exploring the edges of blockchain technology a deep dive into mev and oracles a regulatory trial and error phase shaping the cryptocurrency ecosystem in general the broad aim of regulation is to organise the relationship between persons and to protect their rights and interests in society however as we have discovered this has not been the case within the cryptocurrency space it has been almost 15 years since sa...