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d the participant s response thus assigning the highest applicable level of abstraction then we analyzed the results from the two coders and compared the results with the pyramid model results and discussion at the main category level cohen s kappa was 0 56 given that values over 0 70 are considered satisfactory in most situations the intercoder reliability level may seem slightly low but this data was based on seven categories unlike other studies that address fewer categories for example rorissa and iyer s 2008 study used only three categories subordinate basic and superordinate in the coding process thus a kappa value of 0 56 with seven categories may be considered as more than moderately reliable furthermore only the data for which both coders were in agreement were analyzed additionally the kappa rating in the current study reflects the subjective nature of image descriptions as well as possible interpretations of those descriptions we defined the most frequent subcategories as the ones that the coders chose at least 150 times based on their codes the ten most frequently chosen subcategories were used in 70 9 of the assigned codes generic scene event was the most frequently chosen 11 2 abstract scene emotion was the second most frequently chosen 9 8 the other top choices in order of next most frequently chosen were generic object artificial object 9 4 generic scene location with specific information 69 generic scene nature scene 6 8 generic object human with location information 5 7 abstract scene opinion 5 6 generic object artificial object with color description 5 5 abstract scene talk bubbles 5 2 and generic scene location 4 9 based on the coding and analysis participants only selected entry points that fall under three of the seven main categories generic scene generic object and abstract scene five of the image types event object living thing places and time were coded under abstract scene among the 10 levels in the pyramid model only generic object abstract scene and generic scene are used in the participants descriptions also related to the pyramid model the various image types frequently belong to the same main categories and subcategories for example the most frequent subcategory for color is generic scene nature scene and the one for concept is generic scene event it seems necessary to subdivide the pyramid model into subcategories in order to more accurately reflect the preferred entry points especially for the most frequently used categories between the coders there was not a single agreement of the most frequent subcategory for any two images under the same flickr tag based category such as color or time in the results the coders did not agree on any subcategory for the image pairs based on the categories we created from the flickr tags in many cases when there were conflicting results between two images that fell under the same flickr tag based category the most frequent category chosen from our hierarchy was generic object while the authors process of categorizing the flickr tags was a subjective process in itself the results indicate the challenge in achieving interindexer consistency also our results indicate that neither the size nor the location of the object was the main factor in the participants descriptions but the context around the object is a powerful factor for example some images show that small artificial objects are noticed often and the image is categorized accordingly for example event birthday and environment sunshine over a statue were coded as generic object thus our results illustrate the need for further investigation regarding what factors influence the user s decision on whether the image is about a generic object our findings in this study emphasize the importance of a bottom up approach for web image descriptions in situations where it is impossible for a few experts to describe numerous images we believe that user based techniques such as tagging must be actively used in indexing web images the findings in this study will be used for continued research in the area of web 2 0 based image retrieval topical relevance in image data and novel interface designs for image retrieval systems acknowledgements references goodrum a spink a 2001 image searching on the excite web search engine information processing and management 37 2 295 311 greisdorf h o connor b c 2002 what do users see exploring the cognitive nature of functional image retrieval in e toms ed proceedings of the 65th asist annual meeting pp 383 390 medford nj information today jaimes a chang s f 2000 a conceptual framework for indexing visual information at multiple levels in proceedings of spie internet imaging jolicoeur p gluck m a kosslyn s m 1984 pictures and names making the connection cognitive psychology 16 243 275 j rgensen c jaimes a benitez a b chang s f 2001 a conceptual framework and empirical research for classifying visual descriptors journal of the american society for information science and technology 52 11 938 947 krause m g 1988 intellectual problems of indexing picture collections audiovisual librarian 14 4 73 81 neal d 2007 october november introduction folksonomies and image tagging seeing the future bulletin of the american society for information science and technology 34 1 7 11 available http www asis org bulletin oct 07 neal_octnov07 pdf neal d 2008 news photographers librarians tags and controlled vocabularies balancing the forces journal of library metadata 8 3 199 219 rorissa a iyer h 2008 theories of cognition and image categorization what category labels reveal about basic level theory journal of the american society for information science and technology 59 9 1383 1392 rosch e mervis c b gray w d johnson d m boyes braem p 1976 basic objects in natural categories cognitive psychology 8 382 439 shatford s 1986 analyzing the subject of a picture a theoretical approach cataloging classification quarterly 6 3 39 62 by hyuk jin lee school of library and information studies texas woman s university stoddard hall room 414 po box 425438 denton tx usa 76204 email hlee twu edu diane neal faculty of information and media studies university of western ontario north campus building room 258 london on canada n6a 5b7 email dneal2 uwo ca what are we looking at april 15 2013 in information science leave a comment http tinyurl com buq5k8b mark white wonders when we look at pictorial space at traditional paintings in museums what are we looking at their original context was so different what draws us in now they are clearly very popular most of these posts are written in the national gallery in london it is always packed what are we all seeing how do we approach the illusion of pictorial space now viewing pinterest through panofsky s concept of iconolgy july 22 2012 in information science leave a comment this project will analyze how users of an online image collection site pinterest com organize their digital images to determine howpanofsky s concept of three levels of visual understanding translates to an online image collection how do pinterest users apply panofsky s concept of iconology to their online collections of images does the way pintetest users organize their images differ from the way iconology concepts are applied to static nondigital image collections the purpose of this study is to analyze the way pinterest users organize their image collections using panofsky s three levels of understanding pre icongraphc iconographic and iconolgy and to determine in what ways the organizational systems of users of online image collections differs from organizational methods of users of nondigital image collections a cross section of random pinterest boards will be collected and analyzed using content analysis the goal is to determine if how the user organization schemes found to be most common on pinterest in 2012 correspond to panofsky s three levels of understanding what differences exist between the way pinterest users organize their online image collections and the way non digital image collectors organize their collections using panofsky s three levels of understanding pre icongraphc iconographic and iconolgy as a lens in what ways do the organizational systems of users of online image collections differ from users of nondigital image collections greisdorf and o connor 2008 structures of image collections panofsky erwin 1972 studies in iconology humanistic themes in the art of the renaissance new york harper row mitchel w j t 1986 iconology university of chicago press semantics exercise november 7 2008 in information science leave a comment ah yes information use as discursive action october 23 2008 in information science leave a comment tuominen k savolainen r 1997 a social constructionist approach to the study of information use as discursive action in p vakkari r savolainen b dervin eds information seeking in context proceedings of an international conference on research in information needs seeking and use in different contexts 14 16 august 1996 tampere finland pp 81 96 london taylor graham asist collaborative book october 23 2008 in information science leave a comment the asist collaborative book introduction to information science and technology is taking shape 18 contributors have prepared draft chapters now we ask for help from asist in general to extend and improve the initial contributions in 2009 we will create a print textbook from the electronic version the collaborative book currently resides on a wiki in asist space please e mail ralf shaw shawd indiana edu for authorization if you would like to contribute asist s _ introduction to information science and technology _ introduces undergraduate and graduate students to the field of information science and technology it presents a clear concise and approachable account of the fundamental issues with appropriate historical background and theoretical grounding indicates a section under construction 1 introduction definitions brief chronology 2 information needs seeking and use information generation information behavior information needs information seeking user studies 3 information representation and organization information structure information analysis semantics subject access indexing controlled vocabularies classification metadata information architecture 4 computers and networks computing fundamentals networking principles computing over the internet network management 5 structured information systems systems analysis and design conceptual modeling relational databases geographic information systems artificial intelligence 6 semi structured and unstructured information systems information storage and retrieval digital libraries electronic resources management information visualization evaluation of information systems human computer interaction usability 7 social informatics organizations and institutions information dissemination information industry market strategic intelligence organization of work information management bibliometrics citation analysis 8 information policy economics intellectual property standardization free flow of information ethics 9 information profession distribution of knowledge information services agencies intellectual freedom mission values 10 theoretical issues information theory network theory paradigm theory social epistemology philosophy of information 11 knowledge management and the future of information science globalization and the knowledge economy key drivers in km social capital and social computing knowledge management practices knowledge management strategies information knowledge professionals emerging trends _______________________________________________ asist announce mailing list asist announce mail asis org http mail asis org mailman listinfo asist announce closing the guttenberg parenthesis july 9 2007 in print culture leave a comment http www dallasnews com sharedcontent dws dn opinion points stories dn loehicks_08edi art1 state edition1 4377497 html at mit5 the most recent in mit s series of media in transition conferences dr thomas pettitt of the university of southern denmark theorized that participatory cultures signal the imminent closing of what he called the guttenberg parenthesis according to that theory we are witnessing a return to the cultural norms that prevailed before the advent of mechanically printed texts in those oral and folk cultures practices such as adaptation appropriation and recombining what hip hop calls sampling were not only accepted but lauded the printing press brought a new regime in which individual printed works were held to be utterly unique and an author s ownership sacrosanct but now according to theorists such as dr pettitt new digital technologies are spinning the wheel back to its pre guttenberg position closing the parenthesis and cultural production will be understood once again as a dynamic collective process rather than the work of a single lonely genius laboring alone in a garret from harry potter obsession by victoria loe hicks in the dallas morning news july 8 2007 dr henry jenkins director of mit s comparative media studies program describes the conjunction of canon ms rowling s books and fanon the fandom s creative output the latter comprises not only thousands of fan web sites in a host of languages but innumerable blogs podcasts myspace pages youtube entries academic conferences fan conventions and other activities devoted to all things potter merely as repositories of promotional material generated by the official potter franchise press releases and other news tidbits printed articles publicity photos video clips etc the major fan sites archives would fill hogwarts great hall but what s truly jaw dropping is the sheer mass and variety of fan generated content essays and forums analyzing the books most minute details endless plot speculation multiple genres of fanfic fan written fiction employing ms rowling s characters fan art manips manipulations of images via photoshop and similar programs music videos that combine photos and film clips into original narratives accompanied by appropriate pop tunes filks humorous song lyrics about the characters set to pop tunes and original wizard rock yes according to http www wizrocklepdia com there are more than 200 wizard rock bands from aberforth dumbledore and the nannies to the wonky cross with the exception of wizard rock most types of content fanfic or filks for instance are staples of late 20th century fan culture dating back at least as far as the original star trek but dr jenkins who has parsed the meaning of the digitally enhanced potter fandom more closely than any other scholar sees in it a prime example of an emerging participatory culture in such a culture dr jenkins blogged what might traditionally be understood as media producers and consumers are transformed into participants who are expected to interact with each other according to a new set of rules which none of us fu...