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Text of the page (random words):
here is a correlation in particular digit ratios with the sex men and women not that a particular digit ratio is clear evidence that an individual is male or female to explain this further consider height in general men are taller than women thus if i measured the height of a number of men i could come up with a height range that i could label as typically male but obviously men who fell outside this range would still be men and women who fell into this height range would still be women 2 that a group of biological females can act as a control group a control group is a group where the factor being tested does not apply so that it can serve as a standard for comparison in this research a control group would be one where biological females clearly have a digit ratio that is female overall the females as a mass in the control group have a digit ratio consistent with females but individually there is great variation 3 that variation in digit ratio is only or most pronounced between the sexes in reality digit ratio varies considerably between different ethnicities in his paper finger length ratios and sexual orientation manning says there s more difference between a pole and a finn than a man and a woman however even if you discount the assumptions made and thus the very low standard to which this research has been designed the research still does not provide any evidence that digit length ratio is linked to transsexualism this is because in his research schneider ignores two key points that intersex people whose conditions mean that they are exposed to unusual levels of androgen pre natally do not develop transsexualism if schneider s research had any validity we would expect to see adults with certain intersex conditions exhibit a significantly higher level of transsexualism than the general population however transsexualism is extremely rare amongst this group schneider ignores the results of his own research that digit ratios in transitioning females are consistent with biological females it is not adequate to claim that pre natal exposure to androgens appears to cause transsexualism in transitioning men and ignore that there is no evidence to support a similar explanation for transitioning women in summary schenider s study is poorly designed makes assumptions without any evidence and ignores research particularly into intersex conditions that provide evidence that his conclusions are wrong http www springerlink com content 765235711m05r175 schneider hj pickel j stalla gk february 2006 typical female 2nd 4th finger length 2d 4d ratios in male to female transsexuals possible implications for prenatal androgen exposure psychoneuroendocrinology 31 2 265 9 doi 10 1016 j psyneuen 2005 07 005 pmid 16140461 churchchill ajg manning jt peters m 2007 the effects of sex ethnicity and sexual orientation on self measured digit ratio 2d 4d archives of sexual behavior 36 2 251 260 doi 10 1007 s10508 006 9166 8 pmid 17394056 manning john 2002 digit ratio a pointer to fertility behavior and health new brunswick n j rutgers university press isbn 978 0 8135 3030 7 posted in uncategorized leave a comment let s be clear about intersex posted on june 8 2012 by lesley213 this post is not a scientific explanation but simply a response to some of the comments on my previous post about intersex so for totally clarity intersex is a physical medical condition there are always clear physical testable signs for example deformed genitalia or the presence of both male and female reproductive organs transsexualism is not an intersex condition there are no physical signs of transsexualism it is a psychological condition so someone is a transsexual because they say they are a transsexual there are no physical signs for transsexualism anyone claiming transsexualism is an intersex condition is either misguided or lying posted in intersex tagged biological basis intersex jendah radical feminism transactivists transexual transexualism transgender transsexualism transsexuals leave a comment sexual hormones and the brain posted on june 8 2012 by lesley213 a surprising number of studies that links are posted for are actually not studies at all but proposals the author argues are worthy of research below is a link to such a proposal i will post others under this category http www ncbi nlm nih gov pubmed 19955753 dopt abstract the author argues that the fetal brain develops during the intrauterine period in the male direction through a direct action of testosterone on the developing nerve cells or in the female direction through the absence of this hormone surge in this way our gender identity the conviction of belonging to the male or female gender and sexual orientation are programmed or organized into our brain structures when we are still in the womb however since sexual differentiation of the genitals takes place in the first two months of pregnancy and sexual differentiation of the brain starts in the second half of pregnancy these two processes can be influenced independently which may result in extreme cases in trans sexuality however this is simply a theory the author has published this paper outlining some proposed research to examine whether there is any evidence to back up this theory so until some research actually takes place this citation is totally meaningless posted in meaningless citations tagged biological basis jendah radical feminism transactivists transexual transexualism transexuals transgender transgenderism transsexualism transsexuals leave a comment intersex conditions posted on june 1 2012 by lesley213 it is very common for transactivists and allies to claim that most or many transsexual people are intersex this simply isn t true summary intersex is the term used to describe a range of physically biological conditions where internal or external genitalia are indeterminate or do not match other biological sex factors or alternatively where there is an over production or under production of sex hormones or the bodies ability to respond to them lastly intersex also encompasses abnormalities of the sex chromosomes or abnormal development of the testes or ovaries disorders of sex development is another term now being used to describe intersex the vast majority of transsexuals do not have an intersex condition claiming you have a male or female brain is not an intersex condition similarly the vast majority of intersex people are not transsexuals there is no link between intersex people and transsexuals end of summary what is intersex a variety of conditions that lead to atypical development of physical sex characteristics are collectively referred to as intersex condition these conditions can involve abnormalities of the external genitals internal reproductive organs sex chromosomes or sex related hormones some examples include external genitals that cannot be easily classified as male or female incomplete or unusual development of the internal reproductive organs inconsistency between the external genitals and the internal reproductive organs abnormalities of the sex chromosomes abnormal development of the testes or ovaries over or underproduction of sex related hormones inability of the body to respond normally to sex related hormones intersex was originally a medical term that was later embraced by some intersex persons many experts and persons with intersex conditions have recently recommended adopting the term disorders of sex development dsd they feel that this term is more accurate and less stigmatizing than the term intersex http www apa org topics sexuality intersex pdf interestingly i have noticed on the internet a few transactivists describing their transsexualism as a disorder of sex development unless they also have an intersex condition then they are wrong a disorder of sex development is another name for intersex and is not the same as transsexualism or transgenderism there is disagreement amongst the medical community about the boundaries of intersex for example how small does a boy s penis have to be before he is considered intersex however the definition of intersex is one of biology and biological differences so an individual is not considered intersex because they have for example a male body but feel like a woman moreover the majority of people who are intersex are not transsexuals so for example a male baby with deformed genitalia is extremely unlikely to become transsexual in later life there is no medical evidence at all that there is any link between intersex conditions and transsexualism sometimes people post claims on the internet about the percentage of people in the general population who suffer from an intersex condition this will be spurious or at the very least posted wrongly in good faith nobody knows what percentage of the population suffer from an intersex condition this is because there is no clear definition of what exactly counts as intersex and because there is no requirement for this condition to be recorded centrally research was carried out by anne fausto sterling in order to estimate the frequency in which intersex conditions occur she did this by reviewing the medical literature from 1955 to 1988 but she is clear that this is only an estimate not xx and not xy one in 1 666 births klinefelter xxy one in 1 000 births androgen insensitivity syndrome one in 13 000 births partial androgen insensitivity syndrome one in 130 000 births classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia one in 13 000 births late onset adrenal hyperplasia one in 66 individuals vaginal agenesis one in 6 000 births ovotestes one in 83 000 births idiopathic no discernable medical cause one in 110 000 births iatrogenic caused by medical treatment for instance progestin administered to pregnant mother no estimate 5 alpha reductase deficiency no estimate mixed gonadal dysgenesis no estimate complete gonadal dysgenesis one in 150 000 births hypospadias urethral opening in perineum or along penile shaft one in 2 000 births hypospadias urethral opening between corona and tip of glans penis one in 770 births total number of people whose bodies differ from standard male or female one in 100 births total number of people receiving surgery to normalize genital appearance one or two in 1 000 births http www isna org faq frequency occasionally transactivists post claims that most transsexuals are suffering from a diagnosed intersex condition such as 5alpha reductase 2 deficiency 5alpha rd 2 or 17beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency 17beta hsd 3 in both of these conditions children appear to be largely one sex and then during puberty characteristics of the other sex appear so with 5alpha reductase 2 deficiency individuals can have normal male external genitalia ambiguous genitalia or normal female genitalia however usually they are born with very ambigous genitalia with a phallus like clitoris male gonads including testicles often hidden until puberty and wolffian structures they usually but not always have female primary sex characteristics as a consequence they are often raised as girls at puberty they develop some typically male characteristics which can include the descending of the testes facial body hair typically seen in males the deepening of the voice etc this condition is caused by a faulty gene these are both very rare conditions except in a few geographical areas such as the dominican republic where 5alpha reductase 2 deficiency is more common however they are clearly biological conditions and are intersex conditions that are usually diagnosed close to birth or more rarely at puberty when typically male physical characteristics start to appear posted in intersex tagged disorders of sexual develpment intersex transexuals transgenderism transsexuals leave a comment sexual hormones and the female brain posted on april 24 2012 by lesley213 in all my posts at the beginning i will include a simple paragraph that you can cut and paste that explains why the research quoted does not demonstrate a biological basis for transexualism below is the first one start quoting here in 2002 research carried out by chung de vries and swaab showed that the differences in the bstc area in the hypothalmus observed between males and females did not occur until adulthood at the earliest 22 years of age as the majority of transexuals report that they feel as if they are in the wrong body before the age of 22 these feelings do not appear to be connected to the size of the bstc area in the hypothalmus the transexuals studied were taking feminising hormones and this is the most likely cause of similar sizes of bstc in females and mtof transexuals a recent study by hulshoff pol et al 2006 demonstrated that hormones taken by mtof transexuals as part of their transitioning decreased both the overall volume of the brain and the volume of the hypotalmus in otherwords it is hormones taken by adult mtof transexuals that cause them to have a female brain stop quoting here one of the most commonly quoted pieces of research was carried out in 1995 by zhou hofman gooren and swaab http www ncbi nlm nih gov pubmed 19955753 dopt abstract this research says that 1 part of the hypothalmus in the brain called the bstc was on average 44 larger in males than females when measured in post mortem studies i e when the person was dead 2 in 6 mtof transexuals studied who had taken feminising hormones the bsct was a similar volume to that of biological females 3 as the 6 transexuals were of different sexual orientations the authors concluded that there was no relationship between bstc size and the sexual orientation of transsexuals p 70 therefore it was not sexual orientation that caused the differences in size of the bstc 4 based on a small number of non transexual patents with abnormal sex hormone levels the authors concluded that the small size of the bstc in male to female transsexuals cannot be explained by adult sex hormone levels p 70 5 in 2000 the authors published a follow up study in which they looked at the number of neurons in the bstc they found that the average number of neurons in the bstc was on average 71 higher in males than females again the 6 transexuals studied had a level of neurons more typical of biological females and again sexual orientation appeared to make no difference these studies are quoted time and time again to demonstrate that a transexual mtof have feminised brains b that this feminisation happens at the foetal stage which is what the authors of the study argued however in 2002 research carried out by chung de vries and swaab showed that the differences in size of bstc between females and males did not take place until adulthood at the earliest 22 years of age as the majority of transexuals report feeling that they are in the wrong body before the age of 22 these feelings appear to not be influenced by the size of the bstc there are different theories as to why these 6 adult mtof transexuals should have a similar size of bstc to adult fem...