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description=2 posts published by Richard Kunert during August 2012;

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august 2012 brain s idea brain s idea ideas for brainy people by someone who minds menu home about music home replications brain quirks science language search for month august 2012 who dunnit the avoidable crisis of scientific authorship who is allowed to appear this year germany s highest court reached a damning verdict concerning academic pay it is so low that it is in breach of the constitution why do research then one reason is that it gives you prestige which often precedes money brain areas are still talked about in terms of brodmann areas and not smith areas because it was the former who first suggested today s neurological orientation system similarly the flynn effect will forever be associated with its eponymous discoverer this system of authorship is in crisis the problem goes right to the heart of why there are still young people willing to risk a career in science it also eats away at the trust that is crucially important for science to work withdraw authorship and you withdraw the future of scientific discovery problem 1 undeserved authorship a survey of authors who published in the best known biomedical journals found that 18 of articles had honorary authors wislar et al 2011 these people took credit for work they did not actually do previous surveys discovered similarly high numbers a 1996 study found 19 of articles had honorary authors for a young researcher like me these are incredibly frustrating numbers one is told to work hard in order to reach authorship on an interesting paper but one could have it all for free apparently with the right connections one can get one s name on papers other people would dream of authoring problem 2 deserved authorship not granted the problem with invisible researchers wislar et al s survey suggests that a full 8 of articles included a ghost author someone deserving authorship but not receiving it even if you do the work you may be denied the appropriate recognition previous survey results roughly agree with this number 11 in biomedical journals in 1996 these are obviously unacceptable actions the danger lies not only in de motivating young scientists it also makes the scientific process obscure if you cannot know whether a unknown contributor to a finding had a hidden agenda or whether the literature list of your professor is inflated by honorary authorships then the trust which is central to the scientific process itself is betrayed and these are survey results of contributors who did end up on the author list in the end what about those who don t seeman and house 2010 conducted a survey among us academic chemists and found that half the respondents felt they had at least once been denied appropriate credit interestingly half the respondents also reported to have asked to be removed from the author list of at least one paper thus authorship issues go both ways even for people not ending up on the paper the most frustrating thing is that clear guidelines for authorship exist reviewed in eggert 2011 the first thing to do is to talk about authorship before the project starts while the project changes re evaluating authorship may become necessary but the worst cases of misconduct can probably be avoided with this simple measure in times of increasing numbers of graduates competing for an unchanged or even declining number of science jobs a fair system of authorship attribution is more important than ever furthermore in order to make the diverse contributor groups of large interdisciplinary projects possible authorship issues need to be resolved at heart this is a matter of trust the trust of young researchers that their work will be credited the trust of readers that author lists are correct trust that science is not a who dunnit game eggert l d 2011 best practices for allocating appropriate credit and responsibility to authors of multi authored articles frontiers in psychology 2 pmid 21909330 seeman j i house m c 2010 influences on authorship issues an evaluation of receiving not receiving and rejecting credit accountability in research 17 4 176 197 pmid 20597017 wislar j s flanagin a fontanarosa p b deangelis c d 2011 honorary and ghost authorship in high impact biomedical journals a cross sectional survey bmj 343 pmid 22028479 image 1 by eustress own work public domain via wikimedia commons 2 by geoffrey biggs gilberton public domain via wikimedia commons posted in richard kunert science and tagged author authorship biomedicine chemistry contributorship ghostwriter science scientific practice on august 25 2012 by richard kunert 1 comment mimicking infants rather than adults how infants choose their models the infant academy by joshua reynolds parents are often afraid of what happens once their children hit puberty and stop emulating their parents recent research suggests that this fear should start a lot earlier in infancy of course infants need their parents to learn but they need other infants when it comes to imitating things they already know two recent articles by zmyj from the ruhr university in bochum and colleagues present convincing evidence to back up infants occasional preference for peer imitation first when presented with videos of people playing with novel toys in familiar ways fourteen month olds imitate a peer more than an older child aged 3 5 or an adult secondly when presented with similar videos of people performing simple gestures banging on the table waving clapping they again imitated a 14 month old more often than an older child or an adult these results are curious because at this age infants typically spend more time with their parents than with other infants furthermore as far as imitation is used to learn new things the infants should prefer adults who are more knowledgeable when it comes to novel actions the learning objective does actually prevail switching on a new lamp with the head or building a rattle is more likely to be copied from an adult model rather than an infant model seehagen herbert 2011 zmyj daum et al 2012 when it comes to infant infant imitation it may come out of a desire to belong to the same social group as the model a sort of precursor to facebook s like button infant adult imitation on the other hand may be more like a student teacher relationship this set of studies powerfully shows that age matters to infants they copy the behaviour of others depending on how old the model is and what sort of behaviour is shown this sort of reasoning was long thought to be beyond 1 ½ year olds recent evidence however shows that infants play a more active part in choosing who to emulate than you may think seehagen s herbert j s 2011 infant imitation from televised peer and adult models infancy 16 2 113 136 doi 10 1111 j 1532 7078 2010 00045 x zmyj n aschersleben g prinz w daum m 2012 the peer model advantage in infants imitation of familiar gestures performed by differently aged models frontiers in psychology 3 pmid 22833732 zmyj n daum m m prinz w nielsen m aschersleben g 2012 fourteen month olds imitation of differently aged models infant and child developement 21 3 250 266 doi 10 1002 icd 750 image by joshua reynolds jundurrahman files wordpress com public domain via wikimedia commons if you liked this post you may also like infants choose their teachers posted in newly discovered richard kunert and tagged action repertoir age familiar action gesture imitation infant models peer toy playing trait reasoning on august 7 2012 by richard kunert leave a comment recent posts the end of brain s idea why ear plugs are great for clubbing and concerts the growing divide between higher and low impact scientific journals the slowing down of the biggest scientific journal do twitter or facebook activity influence scientific impact most read the biological basis of orchestra seating whose discovery declining effect sizes vs growing influence twitter tweets by rikunert categories animals anthropology blogosphere brain quirks cognitive science 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