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butterflynet overview contact us menu overview contact us about the project few insects have endeared themselves to humanity as much as have the butterflies it s easy to see why we like them their boldly patterned wings can be beautiful even jewel like and we usually find them fluttering leisurely through hedgerows and flower gardens and not say burrowing through rotting wood or hovering over dumpsters people have liked butterflies for a very long time too many of the first entomologists studiers of insects began as amateur butterfly enthusiasts some took on butterfly catching as a lifelong hobby and left behind massive collections of pinned specimens accompanied by meticulous descriptions of the life stages and host plants of different species the bejeweléd treasure trove of knowledge that has resulted should in theory make butterflies the best understood of all insect clades and ideal subjects of ecological research unfortunately a lot of this information is out of reach of the broader scientific community either gathering dust in the attics of private collections or hidden in the unturned pages of ancient field guides what the butterflies need is a network a cooperative online platform to collect organize and distribute this information to the public free of charge for use in research and science education to kick off the butterflynet project we are producing a complete species level butterfly phylogeny the first of any major insect clade that will let us organize the approximately 18 800 butterfly species according to their evolutionary relationships to each species we will then attach all available data on geographic distributions host plant associations and other interesting life history traits collected and compiled from digitized field guides and online resources when our work is done the accumulated knowledge from centuries of observations and ongoing research will be made available through butterflynet to expert scientists and amateur butterfly enthusiasts alike for more information take a look our nsf abstracts https www nsf gov awardsearch showaward awd_id 1541557 https www nsf gov awardsearch showaward awd_id 1541500 https www nsf gov awardsearch showaward awd_id 1541560 phylogeny we are in the process of assembling a molecular phylogeny that will reveal once and for all the evolutionary relationships of all 18 728 species within the butterfly superfamily papilionoidea as defined by van nieukerken to do this we are using two types of sampling to start we are sampling one exemplar species from each butterfly genus 1815 total extremely thoroughly we are using a specially designed anchored hybrid enrichment probe set to target around 500 loci within the generalized butterfly genome these 500 loci include 10 standard loci that have been used in butterfly phylogenetic research for many years we will compare the sequence data we obtain from these exemplars and use standardized measurements of genetic similarity to pin down the evolutionary relationships of all 1815 butterfly genera we will then map the rest of the 16 913 species in papilionoidea onto this highly resolved phylogeny backbone to expedite the process we will use a second simplified probe set to target only the 10 standard loci mentioned above cad wingless coi ef 1a rps5 rps2 mdh gapdh ddc and idh this will have the added benefit of allowing us to combine our results with sequence data generated from previous research on butterflies which will let us estimate evolutionary relationships within each genus with a great deal of confidence geography hunting butterflies used to be a fairly popular hobby and most collectors were very good at finding them historical records of the geospatial presence and absence of different butterfly species cover large portions of the globe and in some cases multiple centuries in the past researchers had to go through museums and field guides to get at this information which would be scattered if it was preserved at all recently dedicated butterfly monitoring programs supported by citizen scientists have achieved huge increases in data influx the only thing that s missing is a unified system of information organization species distribution information is the foundation of most biodiversity research we plan on combining the disparate sources of species occurrence data described above with modern environmental modeling techniques to produce a map of butterflies a record of previous and current species distributions supported by ongoing observations from the butterfly enthusiast community as part of this work we are using data and infrastructure from the map of life to develop maps and methods of characterizing the geographical distribution of butterfly species worldwide traits the butterflynet online trait data extraction and atomization database is now online view it here http butterflytraits org species traits are the product of evolutionary selection and they determine how populations function within a given ecosystem it is interesting enough to know what types of ecological and life history traits different butterfly species have but matching this information with our phylogeny and distribution map will give future comparative studies great weight and significance we will be able to investigate the origins of butterfly biodiversity explore the co evolution of caterpillar adult and host plant and predict the responses of different species to climate and land use change publications aduse poku k brakefield pm wahlberg n brattström o 2017 expanded molecular phylogeny of the genus bicyclus lepidoptera nymphalidae shows the importance of increased sampling for detecting semi cryptic species and highlights potentials for future studies systematics and biodiversity 15 115 130 aduse poku k brattstrom o kodandaramaiah u lees d brakefield p wahlberg n 2015 systematics and historical biogeography of the old world butterfly subtribe mycalesina lepidoptera nymphalidae satyrinae bmc evolutionary biology 15 167 aduse poku k molleman f oduro w oppong sk lohman dj etienne rs 2018 relative contribution of neutral and deterministic processes in shaping fruit feeding butterfly assemblages in afrotropical forests ecology and evolution 8 296 308 breinholt jw earl c lemmon ar lemmon em xiao l kawahara ay 2017 resolving relationships among the megadiverse butterflies and moths with a novel pipeline for anchored phylogenomics systematic biology doi 10 1093 sysbio syx048 espeland m breinholt j willmott kr warren ad vila r toussaint efa maunsell sc aduse poku k talavera g eastwood r jarzyna ma guralnick r lohman dj pierce ne kawahara ay 2018 a comprehensive and dated phylogenomic analysis of butterflies current biology 28 770 778 kawahara ay breinholt jw espeland m storer c plotkin d dexter km toussaint efa st laurent ra brehm g vargas s forero d pierce ne lohman dj 2018 phylogenetics of moth like butterflies papilionoidea hedylidae based on a new 13 locus target capture probe set molecular phylogenetics and evolution 127 600 605 sahoo rk lohman dj wahlberg n müller cj brattström o collins sc peggie d aduse poku k kodandaramaiah u 2018 evolution of hypolimnas butterflies nymphalidae out of africa origin and wolbachia mediated introgression molecular phylogenetics and evolution 123 50 58 tennent wj vane wright ri mitchell dk lohman dj 2018 the oldest known tiradelphe schneideri specimen discovered in a museum drawer in the bernice p bishop museum journal of the lepidopterists society 72 327 329 toussaint efa breinholt jw earl c warren ad brower avz yago m dexter km espeland m pierce ne lohman dj kawahara ay 2018 anchored phylogenomics illuminates the skipper butterfly tree of life bmc evolutionary 18 101 in the news nature world news scientists trace butterfly evolutionary history using dna advances aaas eurekalert biologist david lohman leads 2 5 million nsf funded study on butterfly evolution florida museum pressroom 2 5 million nsf grant to fund online butterfly family tree field guide phys org at last butterflies get a bigger better evolutionary tree sci news scientists complete butterfly evolutionary tree prev next back to overview 1 about the project 0 meet the scientists 0 watch our youtube 1 phylogeny 2 geography 1 traits 1 publications 0 recent progress 1 in the news