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objection to government is not that it controls those who invade the liberty of others but that it controls the non invader it may be necessary to govern one who will not govern himself but that in no wise justifies governing one who is capable of and willing to govern himself to argue that because some need restraint all must be restrained is neither consistent nor logical governments cannot accept liberty as their fundamental basis for justice because governments rest upon authority and not upon liberty to accept liberty as the fundamental basis is to discard authority that is to discard government itself as this would mean the dethronement of the leaders of government we can expect only those who have no economic compromise to make to accept equal liberty as the basis of justice if a person accepts the standard of might or power as the correct guiding principle as the state does then he can have no reasonable complaint against the unjust conditions that prevail for they are the logical outcome of the existing principle of government one must not complain against powerful corporations for they are the acme of power by the power of the state they have been granted special privileges such as franchises large land grants the use and control of public utilities etc all of which add to their power by adding to their wealth in order to oppose logically this inequitable condition it is necessary to adopt a different standard from that of might or power it is the nature of government to invade it will impose itself upon the non invasive individual as readily as it will upon the invasive one it will seize his property through taxation or otherwise and use it for purposes of which the individual does not approve for going to war for instance or building warships things obnoxious to the peaceful man it makes so many complicated laws that the individual is bound to break some of them there are innumerable laws on our statute books and no lawyer or judge pretends that he knows ten per cent of them yet the layman may be held to a strict obedience of any or all of them and if he pleads that he did not know the law he is told that ignorance of the law is no excuse for its breach he is supposed to know ninety per cent more of law than its students practitioners and makers the more laws the more ignorance of them the more ignorance of the law the more the laws are broken the more the laws are broken the more criminals there are and the more criminals the more policemen detectives lawyers judges and other officials that go to make up a strong and expensive government all of this is good for government officials but bad for the citizens who carry the load rulers have always profited by the mistakes of individuals and have always made conditions such that mistakes were unavoidable the state is even more unfair than the law it pretends to enforce it never enforces the law equitably but always favors the rich and the powerful when it so happens that the law conflicts with the interests of the powerful it is invariably interpreted in their favor the protective part of government is greatly exaggerated it collects taxes on the theory that it renders an equivalent in protection but if a crime is committed and a poor man is accused instead of protecting him it turns all of its machinery against him instead of presenting both sides so that justice may be arrived at it presents one side and leaves it to the unfortunate one to present the other side if he can it suppresses all evidence in its possession favorable to the individual and conceals all evidence against him until the day of trial and then presents it and all under the pretense of protecting the individual the fact is the government is a prosecutor and not a defender it is an invader and not a protector the libertarians say let those who believe in religion have religion let those who believe in government have government but also let those who believe in liberty have liberty and do not compel them to accept a religion or a government they do not want it is as unjust to force one s government upon another as it is unjust to force one s religion upon another this was done in the past but we have won religious freedom and must now work toward political freedom we no longer believe that it is just for one man to govern two men but we have yet to outgrow the absurd belief that it is just for two men to govern one man to govern a man that is to control him to dictate to him to rule him is to violate the principle of equal liberty for there is the same inequality between the governor and the governed between the dictator and those dictated to between the ruler and the ruled that there was between the master and his slave the power to command and the weakness to obey are the essence of government and the quintessence of slavery it is not even just to restrain the invader but it seems expedient to do so since he fails to restrain himself he has violated the principles of justice and liberty but we are doing likewise when we take his liberty from him however it seems necessary to do so for self protection against an invader who will not recognize the principle of equal liberty it is like going to war in self defense it is not just but it may be expedient to do so it is not just because war of any kind is not just but in the extreme alternative of going to war or being exterminated we will choose the lesser of the two evils so if we are compelled to restrain the invader to prevent invasive acts why not be honest and admit that it is a bad state of affairs which necessitates it and one to be dispensed with just as soon as the invader is cured the principle of equal liberty which implies equal opportunity will cure all but the insane humane men look forward to the day when all of the aggressive and violent parts of the government will cease and only the defensive part remain but say men like tucker that will be the end of government very well let what he calls government go but how will you abolish it will be asked it may be answered by asking another how was slavery abolished was it abolished by all the people going into the slave owning business certainly not it was abolished because the people disliked it and opposed it because they would not support the business and the people in the business so it will be with government or that part of it that is not protective but invasive when the people withdraw their support from it when they oppose it and refuse to pay taxes when they refuse to go to war refuse to accept office to enforce unjust laws then the end will come and a voluntary co operative society of free people will take its place and nothing of the invasive nature of the state will remain crimes and criminals most crimes are offenses against property the struggle for property leads to depredations and infractions of the principles of equal liberty in various ways greed on the one side and poverty on the other is the cause of so called crime to cure crime it is necessary to remove its cause the disease of greed may not be curable but its baneful results can be obviated by destroying special privileges out of which ensues poverty that in turn breeds crime economists are agreed that there are four methods by which wealth is acquired by those who do not produce it these are interest profit rent and taxes each of which is based upon special privilege and all are gross violations of the principle of equal liberty first interest arises from the special privilege granting to a favored few known as national bankers the exclusive right of issuing money the liberty to establish mutual banks or other free systems of issuing money would abolish interest second profits arise from such special privileges as copyrights patent rights franchises grants etc all of which violate the principle of equal liberty third rent arises from the special privilege of land titles land grants the right by deed to hold land and compel others to pay for its use equal liberty to use land would eliminate rent fourth taxation is a special privilege assumed by the ruling class to levy tribute on their subjects and is a violation of the liberty of those who do not want a ruling class thus it is seen that the four methods of acquiring wealth and producing poverty rest upon special privileges granted by government thus government producing the criminal rich and the criminal poor is itself the cause of crime and not its prevention as stupid people believe in order to perpetuate itself government must manufacture criminals it rests on their backs and without them it would fall if there were no criminals there would be no policemen no detectives no lawyers no judges no courts no legislatures no penitentiaries no government in fact government would cease without criminals to sustain it and to expect the government to remove its own foundation is idle if the cause of crime is removed it will be by libertarians and not by authoritarians it will be by those who hate it not by those who profit by it majority rule majority rule like every other rule is a violation of the principle of equal liberty like all other rules it rests on power this power is the power of numbers not the power of extermination by means of the bullet and the war club as in ages past but of the same nature having neither regard for justice nor for reason for centuries the only means at the disposal of power by which it might acquire its ends was the bullet all its conquest its means of securing the subserviency and exploitation of the weak was by the method of extermination the bullet but finally the observation that a large army could conquer a small one led to the method of enumeration to settle a dispute instead of the old one of extermination the ballot instead of the bullet the ballot is more economical of human life but to use enumeration as the means of arriving at justice is a poor substitute for reason a reasonable action on the part of the majority is very rare while the evidence of mob stupidity and brutality is overwhelming the majority in power make laws for their own financial benefit disregarding the interests of the minority and when the weak minority by adding to its numbers becomes powerful it in turn does the same thing thus by appealing to power to settle their conflicting interests the conflict would go on forever does it not seem a vast waste of valuable human material that the pioneers of thought those who by their genius dare to clear unknown paths in the arts and sciences and in government should have to conform to the dictates of that non creative slow moving mass the majority an appeal to the majority is a resort to force and not an appeal to intelligence the majority is always ignorant and by increasing the majority we multiply ignorance the majority is incapable of initiative its attitude being one of opposition toward everything that is new if it had been left to the majority the world would never have had the steamboat the railroad the telegraph or any of the conveniences of modern life we are required to accept the decision of the majority as final although the majority does and always has decided against the very things which have proved themselves most useful to society in fact every advance in civilization in the arts in language in science in invention and discovery has been achieved not because of the wish of the majority but by the constant work and urgent demands of a persistent few it took voltaire and others of his kind half a century to convince the majority that it was being robbed and enslaved and when a part of that majority was at last convinced it did not use the educational method that had convinced them but resorted to force to convince the rest war not logic is the method of the mob if majority rule is right then we have no just complaint to make against existing conditions for the majority favors them or it surely would change them the majority looks to its politicians for guidance the successful politicians never advance new ideas knowing that they must stay by the majority echoing only the sentiment of the majority or they will lose their jobs the real educator does his work at his own expense sows the seed builds up a movement perhaps the politician snatches his idea and reaps the harvest loudly declaring himself the author of the idea and the majority accepts his assertion and follows him a political convention illustrates the workings of majority rule if the minority in a party advocate a progressive move which is defeated when put to a vote in the convention the minority are prohibited from advancing it during the campaign if this minority refuse to advocate what the convention has decided to be right they are barred from the platform and press the cry of majority rule is raised against them and they are called traitors to the party but if they abandon their progressive ideas and advocate the wishes of the majority they are rewarded with office thus majority rule develops the dishonest politician in order to rule sometime he consents to being ruled at other times the desire to rule and the willingness to be ruled ends in degradation and no one who accepts the principles of equal liberty can indorse majority rule war war is a violation of the principle of liberty as well as of justice it is founded on force its method is violence its theory is might is right its purpose is to conquer or destroy its greatest heroes are those who have slaughtered the greatest number of people its alexanders its napoleons napoleon said that god is always on the side of the strong battalions when differences between nations are settled by appeals to force and not to justice the stronger nations soon demonstrate that they are right while the majority of men have outgrown the notion that a pugilist is in the right and an invalid is in the wrong because the former can thrash the latter an analogous opinion is still entertained by those nations that rely solely on arms to vindicate the right wars have been profitable to the military class and some of the capitalist class the military class obtain salaries positions and honors the capitalist class receive interest on war debts and profits from making guns and battleships and furnishing supplies but the great body of a nation does not profit by war a nation that conquers another by invasion never receives an indemnity equal to the expense of the war or the conquering nation would have no war debt and the victorious nations have the largest war debts while the conquered nations have the smallest war debts the nations that have the largest armies and make the most conquests have less wealth per capita than the nations which have small armies or none at all this proves that war is not profitable to nations and it also proves that in going to war nations do not act from motives of economic interests as is claimed by those who try to explain all human phenomena by economic interests it i...