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constitution of india the largest digital archive of india s constitutional history skip to content constitution of india read the constitution of india back the constitution of india 395 articles organised into 25 parts and 12 schedules make up the constitution of india parts each part collates articles on specific themes e g fundamental rights in part iii schedules each schedule contains provisions necessary to apply related articles original manuscript regional translations browse digitised edited and paragraph numbered versions of critical primary materials related to the indian constitution and its origins historical constitutions the constitution of india 1950 was preceded by british authored framework legislation to govern india and proto constitutional drafts by several indian individuals and groups these historical constitutions are archived here constituent assembly debates the constitution of india 1950 was drafted by a constituent assembly 167 days of plenary assembly debates from 9 december 1946 to 24 january 1950 are archived here browse digitised edited and paragraph numbered versions of critical primary materials related to the indian constitution and its origins petitions feedback and suggestions from groups organizations and individuals to the constituent assembly on india s new constitution committee reports documents prepared by smaller groups of constituent assembly members which conducted preliminary research and advanced recommendations on specific constitutional topics explore constitution making back travel through the various stage of the constitution making process discover the contributions of diverse institutions and learn more about the framers of the constitution through their biographies the constitution framers learn about the members of the constituent assembly the role they played in india s freedom movement and their contributions to constitution making stages of constitution making a stage by stage overview of the drafting of the constitution of india 1950 begin with our popular video on the making of the indian constitution institutions the constitution of india 1950 was drafted by the collective work of the following institutions constituent assembly a 389 member body responsible for drafting india s constitution committees committees were created by the constituent assembly comprising smaller groups of members delegated with various responsibilities congress assembly party an unofficial forum consisting of assembly members belonging to the indian national congress that met on the side lines of the assembly learn digital classroom engage writings media back engage discover a wide range of writings and original multimedia content in the form of blogs podcasts and videos that offer valuable insights into the history of india s constitution highlighting its relevance to current events both in india and worldwide we rely on our extensive database of primary materials to produce this content museum explore india s rich constitutional and political history through a diverse collection of archival images audio and video 1946 assembly debates audio blog articles that engage with important political social and legal developments in india and the world through constitutional and political history podcasts our writings and research brought to life through voice also features interviews with scholars and educators videos workshops talks and educational videos exclusively produced by us on india s constitutional origins about us events shop search back website database the colonial roots of india s politics of belonging blog abhineet maurya 28 september 2026 how indian subjects invoked competing notions of universality and belonging to make citizenship claims in the british empire read more assessing constitutional amendments text impact and judicial review blog editorial 28 august 2026 an elementary framework to assess the significance of constitutional amendments in india by scale of textual alteration structural impact on institutional design and judicial pronouncements of unconstitutionality read more which census constitutional implications of the delimitation amendment blog editorial 7 august 2026 the constitution 131st amendment bill 2026 allows parliament to determine which census to use for any delimitation exercise without requiring a constitutional amendment read more constitutional amendments and india s political history blog editorial 31 july 2026 a brief historical and analytical overview of constitutional amendments in india read more the constituent assembly petitions archive blog editorial 14 august 2025 we are excited to launch an archive of petitions submitted by diverse individuals and groups to the constituent assembly between 1946 1950 on the new constitution read more the making of india s constitution video 15 august 2021 watch this exclusive animated video that traces the long history of indian constitution making and highlights the radical constitutional choices made by the indian constituent assembly watch read the constitution of india article 19 part iii fundamental rights article 19 protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc read more article 21a part iii fundamental rights article 21a right to education read more article 368 part xx amendment of the constitution article 368 power of parliament to amend the constitution and procedure therefor read more constituent assembly debates view all volume 5 11 debates 14 aug 1947 30 aug 1947 this volume contains debates from 11 sittings in august 1947 historical constitutions view all declaration of purna swaraj indian national congress 1930 the indian national congress on 19 december 1929 passed the historic purna swaraj total independence resolution at its lahore session a public declaration was made on 26 january 1930 a day which the congress party urged indians to celebrate as independence day committee reports view all report of the committee on functions of the constituent assembly 25 august 1947 the committee on functions of the constituent assembly was appointed on 20 august 1947 to report on the functions of the constituent assembly search through indian constitutional history archives explore the fascinating history of india s constitution with our robust search engine our extensive database features meticulously tagged and edited primary materials from 1874 to 1950 including plenary debates and committee reports of the indian constituent assembly historical constitutions and the constitution of india 1950 with powerful search filters and sorting options you can engage with these materials in exciting new ways that promote discovery insight and analysis around india s constitutional origins search databases explore how the indian constitution was made stages view all first session of the constituent assembly 13 dec 1946 22 jan 1947 stage 1 committee stages and second session of constituent assembly debates 27 feb 1947 30 aug 1947 stage 2 draft constitution by the constitutional adviser 01 feb 1947 31 oct 1947 stage 3 first draft constitution 27 oct 1947 21 feb 1948 stage 4 public circulation of first draft 21 feb 1948 26 oct 1948 stage 5 debates on the draft constitution 4 nov 1948 stage 6 second reading of the draft constitution 14 nov 1948 17 oct 1949 stage 7 revision of the draft constitution stage 8 third reading of drafting constitution 14 nov 1949 26 nov 1949 stage 9 enactment and adoption of the constitution of india 26 jan 1950 stage 10 institutions view all constituent assembly the constitution making process was organised around the deliberations of the constituent assembly on 9 december 1946 the constituent assembly sat for the first time in the span of 2 years and 11 months it completed its task of framing india s constitution during this period the constituent assembly had 11 sessions and sat for a total of 167 days people view all constituent assembly members begum aizaz rasul 1908 2001 constituent assembly members giani gurmukh singh musafir 1899 1976 constituent assembly members shibban lal saxena 1906 1984 engage with ideas and insights around the constitution of india view all constitutional amendments and india s political history 31 july 2026 by sudhir krishnaswamy a brief historical and analytical overview of constitutional amendments in india 4 mins which census constitutional implications of the delimitation amendment 7 august 2026 by niharika mukherjee the constitution 131st amendment bill 2026 allows parliament to determine which census to use for any delimitation exercise without requiring a constitutional amendment 5 mins videos view all how india became the first republic in the commonwealth clpr trust september 13 2022 independent india s first budget clpr trust february 7 2023 podcasts view all listen the making of india s constitution podcast 2 episodes view all episodes the constitution museum view all 1947 hansa jivraj mehta s speech presenting india s national flag audio 1946 dr sarojini naidu s constituent assembly speech audio minoo masani s speech on 17 december 1946 audio events view all talks book discussion dr mathew john s book india s communal constitution law religion and the making of a people national law school of india university nlsiu event report 21 dec 2023 quiz du s campus law centre secures national champion title at conquest 2024 beating iim calcutta nlsiu ramaiah college of law bengaluru event report 06 dec 2024 workshop how do we engage with our constitution tata institute of social sciences mumbai event report 17 sep 2022 the national constitution society ncs is a constitutionofindia net led network of student groups at schools colleges and universities across india that work towards building and sustaining a vibrant constitution culture join the ncs stay up to date on new content initiatives and upcoming events by subscribing to our desk briefs subscribe we are a not for profit initiative your support 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