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description=Read the full text of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution, covering the powers and structure of Congress across all 10 sections.;
author=Edward Savey;

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icut five new york six new jersey four pennsylvania eight delaware one maryland six virginia ten north carolina five south carolina five and georgia three when vacancies happen in the representation from any state the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies the house of representatives shall chuse their speaker and other officers and shall have the sole power of impeachment article 1 section 3 the senate of the united states shall be composed of two senators from each state chosen by the legislature thereof for six years and each senator shall have one vote immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes the seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year so that one third may be chosen every second year and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise during the recess of the legislature of any state the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature which shall then fill such vacancies no person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the united states and who shall not when elected be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen the vice president of the united states shall be president of the senate but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided the senate shall chuse their other officers and also a president pro tempore in the absence of the vice president or when he shall exercise the office of president of the united states the senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments when sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation when the president of the united states is tried the chief justice shall preside and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit under the united states but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law article 1 section 4 the times places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof but the congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations except as to the places of chusing senators the congress shall assemble at least once in every year and such meeting shall be on the first monday in december unless they shall by law appoint a different day article 1 section 5 each house shall be the judge of the elections returns and qualifications of its own members and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide each house may determine the rules of its proceedings punish its members for disorderly behaviour and with the concurrence of two thirds expel a member each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings and from time to time publish the same excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall at the desire of one fifth of those present be entered on the journal neither house during the session of congress shall without the consent of the other adjourn for more than three days nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting article 1 section 6 the senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services to be ascertained by law and paid out of the treasury of the united states they shall in all cases except treason felony and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses and in going to and returning from the same and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place no senator or representative shall during the time for which he was elected be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the united states which shall have been created or the emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time and no person holding any office under the united states shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office article 1 section 7 all bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representatives but the senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and the senate shall before it become a law be presented to the president of the united states if he approve he shall sign it but if not he shall return it with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated who shall enter the objections at large on their journal and proceed to reconsider it if after such reconsideration two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill it shall be sent together with the objections to the other house by which it shall likewise be reconsidered and if approved by two thirds of that house it shall become a law but in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively if any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days sundays excepted after it shall have been presented to him the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it unless the congress by their adjournment prevent its return in which case it shall not be a law every order resolution or vote to which the concurrence of the senate and house of representatives may be necessary except on a question of adjournment shall be presented to the president of the united states and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him or being disapproved by him shall be repassed by two thirds of the senate and house of representatives according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill article 1 section 8 the congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes duties imposts and excises to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the united states but all duties imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the united states to borrow money on the credit of the united states to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states and with the indian tribes to establish an uniform rule of naturalization and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the united states to coin money regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin and fix the standard of weights and measures to provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the united states to establish post offices and post roads to promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries to constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court to define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas and offences against the law of nations to declare war grant letters of marque and reprisal and make rules concerning captures on land and water to raise and support armies but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years to provide and maintain a navy to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union suppress insurrections and repel invasions to provide for organizing arming and disciplining the militia and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the united states reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by congress to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district not exceeding ten miles square as may by cession of particular states and the acceptance of congress become the seat of the government of the united states and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be for the erection of forts magazines arsenals dock yards and other needful buildings and to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states or in any department or officer thereof article 1 section 9 the migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation not exceeding ten dollars for each person the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it no bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed no capitation or other direct tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state no preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter clear or pay duties in another no money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time no title of nobility shall be granted by the united states and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall without the consent of the congress accept of any present emolument office or title of any kind whatever from any king prince or foreign state article 1 section 10 no state shall enter into any treaty alliance or confederation grant letters of marque and reprisal coin money emit bills of credit make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts pass any bill of attainder ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or grant any title of nobility no state shall without the consent of the congress lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it s inspection laws and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury of the united states and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and controul of the congress no state shall without the consent of congress lay any duty of tonnage keep troops or ships of war in time of peace enter into any agreement or compact with another state or with a foreign power or engage in war unless actually invaded or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay edward savey edward savey holds a bachelor s degree in political science from the university of georgia and a master s degree in public administration with a focus on constitutional law from georgetown university he launched constitutionus com as its editor striving to make complex constitutional topics accessible to the public prev previous supreme law of the land next article 5 of the constitution meaning and summary next 14 responses douglas w payne says november 11 2020 at 5 24 am i challenge your note that article 1 section 9 clause 1 importation of slaves is shown as no longer in effect since its built in date has passed it only prohibits congress from enacting prohibitions prior to january 1 1808 the law that congress passed effective 1 1 1808 only prohibited importation of slaves the migration of persons a state thinks proper to admit has not been prohibited by congress the exception being that migration or importation was prohibited in the alien contract labor act of 1885 which was enacted february 28 1885 that act was later rescinded reply dia schroeder says november 21 2020 at 4 41 pm if you want to talk about the rescinded labor act of 1885 deal with the democrats why do you think slaves were considered 3 5 that was to slow the role of the democrats having too much power open your eyes to the evil of the democrats reply curtis jones says march 13 2021 at 11 16 pm the democratic party is no longer the solid south nor is the republican party any longer true to the ideals of lincoln belatedly championed the south is now a stronghold for republicans who have until very recently argued that the traitorous flag of the confederacy and its famous leaders should have some place of honor in the union they sought to sunder to keep humans as slaves learning about history is important but things change republicans are now on the wrong side of jim crow and the long cruel shadow it has cast across our country reply theresa says january 7 2023 at 3 01 am well said some people just don t like history reply john benchecl says november 25 2020 at 9 36 pm only u s citizens should receive social security benefits if a immigrant wants to become a citizen then they should be eligible illegal immigrants should not be eligible for any u s benefits reply judith a warren wright says september 22 2021 at 12 13 am i agree that no immigrant that has not followed the proceedures to become a citizen should never be allowed to benefit from the social security that is paid by hard working citizens unfortunately the government irs has been borrowing from social security our monies for decades no one seems to be able to stop the theft let alone prevent them from giving our funds to illegals they don t even pay back the funds they borrow reply theresa says january 7 2023 at 3 13 am that s not true you should go read the policy from the social security administration the gov cannot physically take money out of your acct however there is nothing in the policy saying that they can t take a collateral loan against the social security trust fund your money is still there go read the policy reply steve says july 18 2025 at 11 46 pm there is no account with your money in it and the supreme court already ruled that individual citizens have no legal claim to the money paid in the whole scheme is outside the authorities of the constitution but has enslaved the vast majority of senior citizens as intended so it will be near impossible to end 1960 case of fleming v nestor the u s supreme court ruled that workers have no legally b...