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description=Costs of War research examines the human toll of U.S. military operations and spending, for U.S. service members, veterans, military contractors, and allies; and for civilians killed and displaced.;

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human costs of war brown university skip to main content brown university brown university costs of war search menu site navigation home about people contributors funders costs human economic social political environmental papers findings in the news more from our contributors teaching educator spotlights teaching the costs of war donate search costs of war human breadcrumb home costs sub navigation in this section human civilians killed displaced u s military veterans contractors allies economic social political environmental human costs of war research examines the human toll of u s military operations and spending for u s service members veterans military contractors and allies and for civilians killed and displaced an estimated over 940 000 people were killed by direct post 9 11 war violence in iraq afghanistan syria yemen and pakistan between 2001 2023 of these more than 432 000 were civilians the number of people wounded or ill as a result of the conflicts is far higher as is the number of civilians who died indirectly as a result of wars destruction of economies healthcare systems infrastructure and the environment an estimated 3 6 3 8 million people died indirectly in post 9 11 war zones bringing the total death toll to at least 4 5 4 7 million and counting learn more civilians killed displaced visit page open details for civilians killed displaced u s military veterans contractors allies visit page open details for u s military veterans contractors allies related papers may 5 2026 terrorizing migrants five ways post 9 11 legal precedents paved the way for anti immigrant actions in the united states march 3 2026 the costs of u s china militarized rivalry for chinese and asian americans hate crimes unjust targeting of scholars and legal exclusions october 7 2025 mass displacement since october 7 2023 flight from war genocide and expulsion in gaza iran israel lebanon and the west bank october 7 2025 the human toll of the gaza war direct and indirect death from 7 october 2023 to 3 october 2025 published april 1 2025 news graveyards how dangers to war reporters endanger the world published march 24 2025 lessons from fallujah war returnees face long term health risks from heavy metal exposure published december 10 2024 return to afghanistan re migration and the failed reintegration of millions of afghans published october 7 2024 the human toll indirect deaths from war in gaza and the west bank october 7 2023 forward published august 14 2024 deserted the u s military s sexual assault crisis as a cost of war published november 7 2023 why media conflation of activism with terrorism has dire consequences the case of cop city november 1 2023 united states counterterrorism operations under the biden administration 2021 2023 may 15 2023 how death outlives war the reverberating impact of the post 9 11 wars on human health published april 17 2023 making crisis inevitable the effects of u s counterterrorism training and spending in somalia published march 15 2023 blood and treasure united states budgetary costs and human costs of 20 years of war in iraq and syria 2003 2023 published december 20 2022 uncompensated allies how contracting companies and u s government agencies failed third country nationals in afghanistan august 26 2022 afghanistan before and after 20 years of war 2001 2021 published february 8 2022 beyond the war paradigm what history tells us about how terror campaigns end published september 1 2021 human cost of post 9 11 wars direct war deaths in major war zones figures updated august 19 2021 update creating refugees displacement caused by the united states post 9 11 wars published june 21 2021 high suicide rates among united states service members and veterans of the post 9 11 wars published may 12 2021 the costs of war to united states allies since 9 11 published april 5 2021 the costs of working with the americans in afghanistan the united states broken special immigrant visa process published march 4 2021 the costs of united states post 9 11 security assistance how counterterrorism intensified conflict in burkina faso and around the world published december 7 2020 afghanistan s rising civilian death toll due to airstrikes 2017 2020 published october 13 2020 the human cost of u s interventions in iraq a history from the 1960s through the post 9 11 wars published september 21 2020 creating refugees displacement caused by the united states post 9 11 wars published november 13 2019 direct war deaths in major war zones afghanistan and pakistan october 2001 october 2019 published september 19 2019 the human and financial costs of the explosive remnants of war in afghanistan published september 5 2019 the costs of war in somalia january 2 2019 numbers and per capita distribution of troops serving in the u s post 9 11 wars in the us by state published november 8 2018 human cost of the post 9 11 wars lethality and the need for transparency published august 23 2017 the guards cooks and cleaners of the afghan war migrant contractors and the cost of war published june 20 2017 bad papers the invisible and increasing costs of war for excluded veterans published august 1 2016 update on the human costs of war for afghanistan and pakistan 2001 to mid 2016 published june 7 2015 bombing pakistan how colonial legacy sustains american drones published may 28 2015 not their war to fight the afghan police families of their dead and an american war published may 22 2015 war related death injury and displacement in afghanistan and pakistan 2001 2014 published january 1 2015 2015 costs of war executive summary published december 4 2014 the impact of drone strikes in pakistan published october 15 2014 democratic aspirations and destabilizing outcomes in afghanistan published september 10 2014 collective reckoning with the post 9 11 wars on a colorado homefront published march 1 2013 civilian death and injury in the iraq war 2003 2013 published february 26 2013 imagining military suicide published february 21 2013 us and coalition casualties in iraq and afghanistan published november 1 2012 civilians killed in us operations in yemen published september 9 2011 war related death and injury in pakistan 2004 2011 published september 1 2011 civilian death and injury in iraq 2003 2011 published september 1 2011 civilian death and injury in afghanistan 2001 2011 published june 16 2011 coping with 9 11 alternatives to the war paradigm published june 13 2011 insecurity displacement and public health impacts of the american invasion of iraq published june 13 2011 the war comes home the toll of war and the shifting burden of care published june 13 2011 assessing the human toll of the post 9 11 wars the dead and wounded in afghanistan iraq and pakistan 2001 2011 published june 13 2011 the great deception only democratic delusions for afghans war and the costs of medical travel for iraqis in lebanon terrorism after the 2003 invasion of iraq respiratory disorders following service in iraq overcrowding in limbo iraqi refugees in arab states contributors elizabeth beavers assistant professor of law delaware law school at widener university erbeavers widener edu chantal berman assistant professor at the department of government at georgetown university chantal berman gmail com linda bilmes daniel patrick moynihan senior lecturer in public policy harvard kennedy school linda_bilmes hks harvard edu noah coburn political anthropologist bennington college ncoburn bennington edu neta crawford professor of international relations university of st andrews scotland co founder and strategic advisor costs of war netaccrawford gmail com anila daulatzai postdoctoral fellow in the department of anthropology at the university of california berkeley daulatzai berkeley edu jason davidson professor of political science and international affairs university of mary washington jdavidso umw edu omar dewachi associate professor sas medical anthropology rutgers university omar dewachi rutgers edu cynthia enloe research professor of political science in the department of sustainability and social justice with affiliations in women s and gender studies and political science clark university cenloe clarku edu elisa epstein law student advocacy officer elisacepstein gmail com matthew evangelista president white professor of history and political science in the department of government at cornell university mae10 cornell edu suzanne fiederlein interim director center for international stabilization and recovery james madison university fiedersl jmu edu peter gill journalist gillpeterm gmail com nassim majidi co founder and executive director samuel hall nassim majidi samuelhall org tanner mirrlees associate professor of communication and digital media studies ontario tech university tanner mirrlees ontariotechu ca kali rubaii assistant professor in the department of anthropology at purdue university kali rubaii gmail com zainab saleh assistant professor of anthropology coordinator of middle east and islamic studies haverford college zsaleh haverford edu sophia stamatopoulou robbins anthropologist and film maker sstamato bard edu jessica stern researcher hoover institution stanford university jessicastern me com ben suitt phd graduate program in religion boston university bensuitt bu edu letta tayler associate director in the crisis and conflict division of human rights watch taylerl hrw org matthew thomas payne associate professor university of notre dame matthewpayne nd edu nick turse fellow of the type media center nickturse gmail com david vine davidsvine pm me jennifer walkup jayes jlynnwalkup gmail com zoë wool assistant professor in the department of anthropology university of toronto mississauga zoe wool utoronto ca suisheng zhao professor and director of the center for china us cooperation at josef korbel school of international studies university of denver suisheng zhao du edu brown university providence ri 02912 401 863 1000 quick 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