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Text of the page (random words):
and continues to be written as follows in syllabics ᓀᒥᔅᑳᐤ nemiskâw ni place name nemiska in trying to explain this word people often suggest it means place with lots of fish this of course compels them to suggest it comes from the old cree word namêsiskâw which speakers of this dialect pronounce as namešškâw due to the above mentioned features of this dialect naturally this is false the problem here is the presence of an archaic component that obscures the meaning of the word in fact the word is composed of ne point and the archaic form miskâw bed of a body of water the latter is a common component of place names and is found in the name of another well known lake in this region lake opémisca or opimiskâw in cree meaning underwater strait or narrow channel in the modern dialect the form of this component is âmiskâw and words based on this component are readily used and understood by fluent speakers this â preceding the component is termed a pre medial accretion in algonquian linguistics a feature of old cree is the absence of this vowel where it is found in many modern cree dialects nemiskâw then really refers to an underwater point a feature that would be extremely useful for a community of fishermen who set nets for a living ᓀᒥᔅᑳᐤ nemiskâw 1 obsolete vii there is an underwater point 2 nemiskâw ni place name nemiska origin ne point miskâw bed of a body of water akin to modern cree âmiskâw a third folk etymology in this dialect that is quite popular is the origin of the word waswanipi the name of another local community the origin of this word however has already been discussed in a previous blogpost and can be read here southern coastal innu pour ce dialecte parlé à pessamit nous allons regarder deux étymologies populaires comme les dialectes ci dessus certains traits de ce dialecte sont propices à ces sortes d étymologies comme le cri de l est de l intérieur southern inland east cree la distinction entre s et š est perdu dans ce dialecte en faveur de š épelé sh dans l orthographe locale la palatalization du k en c épelé tsh est aussi un trait comme dans le cri de l est finalement il y à aussi question de la perte de distinction entre les voyelles a et i comme dans le cri de l est du nord northern coastal east cree c est en grande partie à cause de ces traits qu on retrouve le type d étymologie dont on discutera ici le premier s agit de l origine du mot nashkumeu nashkumeu vta il elle le les remercie on entend souvent les locuteurs de ce dialecte suggérer que l origine de ce mot serait un mot qui voudrait dire donner une outarde par contre le mot ci dessus est dans aucun dialecte prononcer de la même manière que le mot qui veut dire donner une outarde t ournons nous vers la langue ancestrale pour le comparer avec le mot qui veut dire donner une outarde naskomêw vta il elle le les remercie oniskimihêw vta il elle lui leur donne une outarde juxtaposés c est amplement claire qu ils n ont pas de la même source maintenant pour les décomposer dans la langue ancestrale bien sûr naskomew est un verbe transitif composé de la racine verbal nasko et la finale transitive animée de locution mew anciennement la forme inanimée était naskohtamo le verbe voulais dire consentir ou accepter dans la plupart des dialectes cris ce sens est maintenu dans ces dialectes le verbe peux vouloir dire remercier ou sinon c est la forme rédupliquée nanâskomew qui prend ce rôle le deuxième mot oniskimihew est la forme transitive du verbe oniskimiw qui est la forme verbale de oniskima qui est la forme possessive de niska outarde de plus le deuxième mot est en fait pas utilisé dans ce dialecte il est plutôt substitué par le mot suivant unishkimikueu vta il elle lui leur donne une outarde tout cela étant dit c est impossible dans notre langue de rédupliquer un nominatif ce qui est preuve que naskomew et nanâskomew ne peuvent pas venir de niska le mot ancestral pour outarde il faut aussi se demander pourquoi un mot voulant dire remercier viendra d un mot voulant dire donner quelque chose la deuxième étymologie populaire est l origine du mot atamishkueu l idée serait que ce mot tire ses origines du mot amishk u castor atamishkueu vta 1 il elle le les salue 2 il elle lui leur donne un cadeau le deuxième sens est propre à ce dialecte dans les dialectes de la baie james ce mot n est plus utilisé et on le retrouve seulement dans la vieille littérature religieuse et seulement avec son sens original qui est de saluer on continue par contre à l utilisé dans l ouest avec ce sens dans les vieux dictionnaires des dialectes parlés au saguenay des dictionnaires compilés par des jésuites dans les années 1600s et 1700s le sens de saluer est toujours celui qui est mentionner bien sûr ce mot n a rien à voir avec le castor et la forme ancestrale de ce mot nous aide à voir ceci atamiškawêw vta il elle le les salue la racine de ce mot c est atam suivie par les finales pour contacte avec le corps soit š kawew et sont antipassif škâkew ces formes sont maintenant shkueu et shkatsheu dans ce dialecte la racine atam ce trouve dans un autre mot mentionné dans les anciens dictionaires atamihew que le père fabvre vers la fin des année 1600s a traduit par faire plaisir bons offices à qlqn pour être claire donner un castor serait plutôt utamishkumikueu dans l orthographe moderne de ce dialecte il est amplement claire que ce mot n a rien à voir avec atamishkueu plain cree for this dialect we will discuss two popular folk etymologies before bringing this post to an end there are two features of this dialect that will help elucidate these etymologies the first is the loss of distinction between old cree s and š as in so many other dialects however in plains cree the loss is in favour of s the second feature is the loss of distinction between old cree r and y in favour of y the first first folk etymology we will discuss is the proposed relationship between the plains cree words for woman and fire ᐃᐢᑫᐧᐤ iskwêw na woman ᐃᐢᑯᑌᐤ iskotêw ni fire the rational behind this aside from a phonetic resemblance is that women would have traditionally been the keepers of the home fire however the words in old cree are not as similar as plains cree speakers would have wished when the lost distinction between s and š is reestablished ᐃᐢᑫᐧᐤ iskwêw na woman ᐃᐢᑯᑌᐤ iskotêw ni fire old cree iškotêw as with the examples from other dialects the loss of distinction between two old cree sounds is often what leads people to reanalyze common words with obscure origins another common example in plains cree is the endonym nêhiyaw which some people have tried to explain as four bodied person and alternatively as precise speaker of course this word today simply refers to a cree person ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐤ nêhiyaw na a cree person as with some of the other folk etymologies mentioned above there is often a bit of romanticizing involved this is often a telltale sign that the explanation is false consider the old cree form of this word ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐤ nêhiyaw na a cree person old cree nêhiraw a person belonging to one s tribe a compatriot the historical meaning of this word is supported by historical and modern sources for example foreign tribes allied to our people would be designated by a compound word prefixed by this word for example the nêhiraw kwêtâciwak of the 1600s referring to the allied iroquois i e the wyandot or the nêhiyaw pwâtak of the plains referring to the allied sioux i e the dakota additionally the word is known to have been used by other algonquian peoples including the anishinabe in their language the word meant precisely the same thing but would have been pronounced nî ina an 1886 dictionary of the anishinabe language compiled by j a cuoq includes the following words note the presence of latin and an old orthography based on french niina 2 de notre nation note 2 states cf le latin nostras qui n est qu un dérivé de nos de même a été formé de ni signe de la 1ère personne niina ikwe femme de notre nation niina masinaigan livre à l usage de notre nation niinawe parler la langue de notre nation niina ikitowinan nostratia verba niinawinagos i avoir l air d être un des nôtres un de nos nationaux niinawisi otenang à notre village au village algonquin niinawisik nongom animisik ceux de notre nation ont de la peine dans ce temps ci kotakitok niiawisik egent nostrates going back even further to f baraga s 1853 dictionary of the anishinabe language we find on page 284 the word niinawe nin which he glosses as i speak the language of the people with whom i live this word is an exact cognate of the plains cree nêhiyawêw now that the old cree meaning of this word has been explained let us turn to the folk etymologies the four bodied person explanation is quite straightforward aside from it being odd it requires a word of the form nêwiraw to have existed this word which would literally mean four body would then undergo some irregular change of inserting an extra syllable and losing a w yielding nêhiraw if this were the case we would expect to find evidence either in the historical record or in another dialect or related language yet no evidence for this can be found anywhere no such word exists in any cree dialect or related language the second folk etymology is that of precise speaker this explanation is meant to apply to the verb nêhiyawêw in plains cree ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐁᐧᐤ nêhiyawêw vai s he speaks cree the idea behind this one is that the word would be based on the root nah meaning favourable or proper and a component referring to speech that is common to all dialects of cree wê w however combining these components would yield nahiwêw a non existent word rather than nêhiyawêw for this explanation to therefore make sense we would first need to ignore the fact that the initial vowel of nêhiyawêw does not match the vowel in the root nah additionally we would need to ignore the whole middle section of the word fortunately the actual derivation of this word is actually straightforward it is composed of nêhiyaw and a component referring to speech that is common to all dialects of cree wê w the original meaning of this word is therefore quite clear ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐁᐧᐤ nêhiyawêw vai s he speaks cree old cree nêhirawêw s he speaks the language of the tribe the real issue behind these folk etymologies is the difficulty people have of accepting that the word nêhiyaw in plains cree is really just a single word with a straightforward meaning in fact this word exists in most cree dialects but never with an initial component nêw meaning four as proposed by the first etymology nor with the initial root nah as in the second the historical cross dialectal and cross linguistic data is amply clear about both the original form of the word and its meaning folk etymologies are always quite interesting as they reveal ways in which people perceive certain aspects of the language they speak there are many other folk etymologies in cree but this initial survey will hopefully have peaked your interest in the subject stay on the look out for interesting explanations of cree words and feel free to share any you may have heard in the comments below typing in cree featured kepin 1 comment with the release of the canada 150 typeface in 2015 i decided to contact its designer raymond larabie about an error in the orientation of certain characters in its cree syllabics fortunately mr larabie knew lots about typeface design and he soon realized the error resided with unicode the information technology standard for consistent encoding and representation of text in most of the world s writing systems he quickly contacted debbie anderson technical director at unicode and together we worked to rectify the error for the release of unicode 9 0 0 since then default typefaces for syllabics such as euphemia have yet to be updated and typing in syllabics continues to be frustrating especially over the internet where the typeface is set in stone so to speak thankfully there are a number of typefaces designed by those in the know that avoid unicode s previous errors my favourite being bj cree by bill jancewicz when i switched to a mac a number of years ago i appreciated that he had designed a keyboard that could easily be installed and used without keyman the cumbersome program used to type in syllabics on a pc and cellphones i immediately noticed a few differences between bj cree on my mac when compared to the pc version for one the w series on the mac consists of one unicode character when compared to the pc version where the dot representing the w is a separate character from the syllable that follows naturally this causes problems when searching for text that was originally composed on a pc but this problem is more of a nuisance than a obstacle two years ago however i noticed another mistake that would have gone unnoticed for years were it not for the fact that we had just published a pedagogical syllabics chart for moose cree only after printing the charts did i notice that the character representing re pointed in the wrong direction showing up as ᕂ u 1542 instead of ᕃ u 1543 this puzzled me at first and had me wondering if i had been using the wrong character all these years when writing by hand my uncertainty lied in the fact that the r series is rarely written as the sound does not exist in our dialect so only words of foreign origin require it however a quick check in the the literature made it clear that the keyboard was wrong unfortunately the syllabic charts had already been printed and all there was for me to do was to update the syllabics chart featured on this website for some reason i had not thought of contacting the designer of this typeface and keyboard after all i was right in the middle of my medical studies at the time but as luck would have it a casual conversation last week with arden ogg director and chair of the cree literacy network led to her e mailing bill jancewicz on the subject a week and a half later he informed me that he had corrected the keyboard error however upon testing it another error that was noted to have inadvertently crept in i informed bill jancewicz of the error and we discussed other changes that could be made to improve its function i suggested a narrow no break space u 202f could be added to keep grammatical and lexical preforms closer to their hosts this suggestion resulted from a conversation arden ogg and i had had about how awkward large spaces look in syllabics when these are used between preforms and their hosts incredibly bill was gracious enough to include this narrow no break space on the new keyboard and placed it on the dash key which would normally be used when typing in the alphabetic orthography in these situations i would like to thank bill jancewicz for taking the time to correct the above mentioned error on his mac keyboard and for including the narrow no break space although modern technology still offers some resistance to the use of our written language he is among those who make it possible for us to do so i encourage all cree speake...