Meta tags:
description=Concerning History in the Atlantic World, 1680-1740;

Headings (most frequently used words):

and, the, share, this, pirates, maritime, of, in, clothing, 1680, 1740, anne, bonny, mary, read, female, women, two, colonies, ships, post, navigation, project, update, anglo, american, research, page, pirate, sea, for, history, world, other, menu, september, 2018, success, crowdfunding, trip, editorial, black, sails, historical, accuracy, genre, hollywood, salt, pork, ship, biscuit, burgoo, provisions, common, sailors, firsts, blackbeard, exploring, edward, thatch, early, days, as, review, between, swamp, bahamian, visitors, southeast, florida, before, miami, by, devin, leigh, strongest, man, carries, day, life, new, providence, 1716, 1717, follow, concerning, atlantic, https, www, gofundme, com, book, introduction, interactions, with, bare, bones, fictions, mythology, next, sections, regarding, are, continued, on, click, here, endnotes,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (859), and (444), this (155), that (122), pirates (121), for (111), from (97), bonny (91), anne (86), #pirate (78), their (78), two (69), his (69), with (67), rackham (62), history (60), women (60), new (58), read (58), they (51), johnson (51), other (50), have (49), sloop (47), not (45), maritime (40), mary (40), her (39), john (37), after (37), also (37), these (36), work (36), one (35), more (34), william (34), men (33), did (33), are (32), crew (32), account (31), share (31), while (31), when (31), who (31), jamaica (31), first (28), documents (28), about (28), rogers (28), some (27), which (26), there (26), barnet (26), historical (25), what (24), into (24), would (24), during (24), time (24), female (24), project (24), them (23), was (23), will (23), between (23), had (23), many (22), before (22), october (22), could (22), made (22), most (21), period (21), research (21), clothing (21), trial (21), facebook (20), opens (20), window (20), all (20), article (20), but (20), london (20), ibid (20), since (19), publication (19), small (18), ship (18), evidence (18), 1720 (18), vessel (18), david (17), book (17), record (17), information (17), piracy (17), eastman (17), both (17), like (16), providence (16), british (16), people (16), early (16), any (16), sailors (16), volume (16), she (16), bahamas (15), sailed (15), ghp (15), took (15), were (15), may (15), court (15), nassau (14), published (14), century (14), significant (14), several (14), regarding (14), another (14), james (14), post (13), port (13), black (13), historians (13), only (13), royal (13), page (13), 2016 (13), governor (13), used (13), proclamation (13), cormac (13), trip (13), ships (12), press (12), years (12), under (12), sea (12), archives (12), those (12), same (12), found (12), mariners (12), part (12), appendix (12), concerning (12), onboard (12), guns (12), woman (12), money (12), loading (11), general (11), few (11), fictum (11), leave (11), florida (11), well (11), university (11), thatch (11), known (11), blackbeard (11), can (11), vessels (11), age (11), three (11), cordingly (11), eighteenth (11), point (11), boston (11), gazette (11), thesis (11), name (10), colonies (10), now (10), here (10), been (10), posted (10), life (10), long (10), until (10), see (10), details (10), spanish (10), included (10), second (10), sails (10), fox (10), tryals (10), possible (10), dillon (10), mentioned (10), gun (10), fiction (10), content (9), blog (9), posts (9), use (9), 2015 (9), american (9), national (9), november (9), captain (9), author (9), probably (9), show (9), claim (9), still (9), carlova (9), accounts (9), though (9), five (9), through (9), past (8), day (8), never (8), six (8), came (8), coast (8), beyond (8), come (8), september (8), stated (8), own (8), virginia (8), sources (8), treasure (8), claims (8), english (8), against (8), main (8), subject (8), thomas (8), young (8), nine (8), over (8), out (8), 1721 (8), way (8), feet (8), 1718 (8), named (8), birth (8), being (8), where (8), chapter (8), comments (7), report (7), follow (7), publications (7), its (7), does (7), continue (7), world (7), food (7), colonial (7), half (7), large (7), such (7), readers (7), series (7), days (7), date (7), became (7), engaged (7), centuries (7), than (7), value (7), might (7), you (7), island (7), late (7), 1680 (7), 1740 (7), sail (7), accuracy (7), accurate (7), bond (7), oxford (7), lesbian (7), received (7), passage (7), previously (7), woodes (7), held (7), someone (7), document (7), make (7), sarah (7), considering (7), fired (7), four (7), wrote (7), sections (7), encountered (7), eventually (7), then (7), least (7), comment (6), com (6), manner (6), stories (6), has (6), caribbean (6), common (6), 1716 (6), reading (6), pyrates (6), left (6), further (6), said (6), later (6), society (6), along (6), leigh (6), historian (6), edward (6), off (6), navy (6), writers (6), notorious (6), careers (6), potential (6), voyage (6), amount (6), mistress (6), seas (6), names (6), relationship (6), section (6), include (6), yet (6), verify (6), finally (6), twenty (6), number (6), frenchmen (6), forced (6), size (6), privateers (6), sloops (6), appears (6), bay (6), turnley (6), taking (6), south (6), notes (6), close (6), sometime (6), themselves (6), authorities (6), family (6), fictional (6), ever (6), bring (6), cuba (6), because (6), together (6), mythos (6), bodies (6), take (6), started (6), crowdfunding (6), required (5), email (5), helped (5), public (5), books (5), image (5), typical (5), allowed (5), former (5), origins (5), mentions (5), particular (5), works (5), decided (5), publishing (5), next (5), find (5), currency (5), often (5), story (5), even (5), support (5), writing (5), help (5), era (5), role (5), wearing (5), january (5), released (5), jonathan (5), wish (5), york (5), began (5), studies (5), calico (5), appeared (5), fact (5), text (5), 2000 (5), death (5), original (5), died (5), december (5), according (5), prisoners (5), capture (5), august (5), carried (5), papers (5), britain (5), west (5), year (5), pounds (5), carolina (5), tonnage (5), master (5), using (5), measured (5), length (5), shot (5), child (5), arrived (5), either (5), discovered (5), upon (5), pieces (5), married (5), brennan (5), sex (5), cruise (5), fellow (5), combat (5), hanged (5), richard (5), soon (5), fire (5), him (5), brief (5), gang (5), write (4), site (4), already (4), click (4), address (4), television (4), popular (4), narratives (4), crews (4), recent (4), features (4), group (4), beam (4), near (4), night (4), 1717 (4), bahamian (4), become (4), place (4), trade (4), living (4), showing (4), events (4), state (4), southern (4), activities (4), devin (4), narrative (4), back (4), message (4), review (4), journal (4), written (4), based (4), career (4), little (4), including (4), questions (4), less (4), old (4), instead (4), ideas (4), special (4), thank (4), thanks (4), led (4), needed (4), harbour (4), link (4), future (4), how (4), ashore (4), provisions (4), merchant (4), anglo (4), various (4), short (4), lives (4), provide (4), update (4), wanted (4), weeks (4), note (4), right (4), 2014 (4), similar (4), however (4), itself (4), golden (4), real (4), around (4), march (4), seafaring (4), rennie (4), neverland (4), parents (4), queen (4), stanley (4), baker (4), june (4), possibility (4), 1725 (4), tars (4), breasts (4), attire (4), add (4), making (4), april (4), eight (4), male (4), tons (4), charges (4), caught (4), states (4), captured (4), sept (4), 626 (4), data (4), likely (4), below (4), revenge (4), working (4), fulworth (4), mother (4), appear (4), position (4), return (4), 1728 (4), enough (4), continued (4), descendants (4), conducting (4), available (4), managed (4), release (4), lawes (4), supposedly (4), added (4), seven (4), saw (4), histories (4), stayed (4), romantic (4), guilty (4), resulted (4), others (4), dobbin (4), assist (4), arms (4), sailing (4), boat (4), outside (4), engaging (4), spenlow (4), robbed (4), hispaniola (4), went (4), ham (4), critchett (4), gofundme (4), process (4), computer (4), view (3), join (3), your (3), receive (3), older (3), navigation (3), channel (3), interest (3), shows (3), hollywood (3), built (3), understanding (3), harbor (3), without (3), true (3), introduction (3), george (3), man (3), greater (3), european (3), contact (3), swamp (3), visitors (3), southeast (3), miami (3), davis (3), regularly (3), visited (3), reviews (3), academic (3), forward (3), legends (3), otherwise (3), originally (3), please (3), 2013 (3), our (3), far (3), regular (3), presents (3), issues (3), facts (3), featured (3), full (3), sold (3), goes (3), references (3), kew (3), 2010 (3), french (3), differ (3), examining (3), requires (3), above (3), quote (3), items (3), experiences (3), 2018 (3), complete (3), addition (3), pursue (3), why (3), due (3), parts (3), line (3), possessing (3), war (3), presented (3), previous (3), involved (3), resulting (3), genre (3), occasionally (3), editorial (3), february (3), tamara (3), 2008 (3), dictionary (3), biography (3), provided (3), 2007 (3), bold (3), breeches (3), 1978 (3), discussed (3), jolly (3), wheelwright (3), know (3), issue (3), detail (3), current (3), topic (3), nickname (3), featuring (3), following (3), says (3), prison (3), mail (3), pregnant (3), crewmembers (3), testified (3), belonging (3), trading (3), assumed (3), unknown (3), council (3), commissioned (3), commission (3), attack (3), nicholas (3), abbreviated (3), newspaper (3), stark (3), pregnancies (3), 300 (3), mistake (3), describing (3), frequently (3), shillings (3), roughly (3), attacked (3), 624 (3), description (3), actions (3), happened (3), specific (3), theft (3), type (3), solid (3), cannon (3), cast (3), iron (3), pound (3), inch (3), diameter (3), qar (3), comes (3), able (3), children (3), 623 (3), surrender (3), maiden (3), fulford (3), possibly (3), tried (3), pardon (3), england (3), schonhorn (3), edition (3), burleigh (3), anyone (3), primary (3), mention (3), leaving (3), away (3), reference (3), noteworthy (3), twentieth (3), caused (3), claimed (3), invention (3), recently (3), display (3), flag (3), prize (3), boarded (3), literary (3), jackets (3), final (3), last (3), pages (3), battle (3), deck (3), met (3), hide (3), charles (3), execution (3), featherstone (3), corner (3), anchor (3), witnesses (3), demanded (3), carriage (3), kind (3), recruited (3), carrying (3), ended (3), gain (3), times (3), wore (3), sailor (3), schooner (3), neptune (3), twelve (3), once (3), fishing (3), described (3), having (3), expedition (3), divorce (3), seventeenth (3), images (3), raise (3), guide (3), 2017 (3), should (3), front (3), theses (3), recorded (3), editing (3), chapters (3), website (2), manage (2), reader (2), log (2), sign (2), subscribed (2), subscribe (2), wordpress (2), enter (2), premium (2), program (2), video (2), present (2), telling (2), usually (2), captains (2), tend (2), done (2), generations (2), set (2), wooden (2), media (2), depiction (2), appealing (2), audiences (2), population (2), residents (2), surprised (2), among (2), familiar (2), activity (2), shelter (2), good (2), fifty (2), inhabitants (2), loose (2), effect (2), endnotes (2), conclusion (2), rum (2), contents (2), company (2), july (2), coasts (2), northern (2), meanwhile (2), feature (2), interpretation (2), strong (2), association (2), bahamians (2), preface (2), upcoming (2), hope (2), particularly (2), look (2), surrounding (2), publish (2), wait (2), hopefully (2), planned (2), completed (2), end (2), ones (2), enthusiasts (2), say (2), basis (2), errors (2), every (2), towards (2), bringing (2), lack (2), asking (2), offers (2), means (2), unverified (2), tales (2), plunder (2), taken (2), 1690s (2), 1720s (2), rich (2), propose (2), area (2), neglected (2), created (2), knowledge (2), study (2), amazon (2), earliest (2), joseph (2), exploring (2), attempting (2), specifically (2), context (2), choices (2), diet (2), eat (2), drink (2), dutch (2), services (2), issued (2), waters (2), places (2), foods (2), rations (2), america (2), englishmen (2), especially (2), love (2), bellies (2), anything (2), pepys (2), significance (2), hard (2), recognized (2), turn (2), biscuit (2), salt (2), pork (2), drank (2), menu (2), played (2), insights (2), respond (2), realized (2), want (2), format (2), broken (2), print (2), printed (2), 1600 (2), starz (2), cable (2), ten (2), eye (2), avoided (2), obvious (2), tropes (2), film (2), aspects (2), stands (2), officially (2), clara (2), paget (2), actually (2), seen (2), spoil (2), discussions (2), covers (2), silver (2), http (2), www (2), jan (2), 2004 (2), 1698 (2), 1782 (2), 265 (2), originated (2), idea (2), cork (2), ireland (2), 1964 (2), 256 (2), 2001 (2), think (2), adventures (2), queens (2), stowaways (2), wives (2), play (2), updated (2), klausmann (2), meinzerin (2), kuhn (2), roger (2), 1997 (2), politics (2), ann (2), midwinter (2), julie (2), unauthorized (2), printing (2), 1995 (2), 192 (2), philip (2), gosse (2), 1934 (2), flags (2), driscoll (2), sally (2), body (2), 2012 (2), covered (2), expand (2), 165 (2), 149 (2), 152 (2), habit (2), potentially (2), mean (2), situation (2), analysis (2), jack (2), alias (2), version (2), worn (2), constance (2), burials (2), catherine (2), kingston (2), thus (2), highly (2), refers (2), fever (2), probable (2), corroborate (2), philadelphia (2), onto (2), let (2), arrival (2), trials (2), weekly (2), mercury (2), barnett (2), secretary (2), tna (2), 1715 (2), hamilton (2), fleet (2), funds (2), courts (2), faced (2), suspicious (2), location (2), gold (2), sir (2), laws (2), each (2), fight (2), operated (2), reports (2), ways (2), dorothy (2), trimesters (2), begins (2), allspice (2), 000 (2), pilot (2), fourth (2), river (2), shortages (2), listed (2), pence (2), north (2), 625 (2), additions (2), thrilling (2), again (2), confirm (2), columbia (2), rackam (2), armament (2), limited (2), difficult (2), operate (2), versions (2), robinet (2), firing (2), swedish (2), 1713 (2), shipwreck (2), economic (2), conceived (2), islands (2), list (2), surname (2), mistakes (2), afterwards (2), arise (2), colony (2), prostitution (2), combination (2), marital (2), circumstances (2), meet (2), modern (2), aboard (2), manuel (2), 1972 (2), 1724 (2), 1726 (2), plausible (2), supplied (2), improve (2), resembling (2), admits (2), witness (2), complex (2), foundation (2), conjectures (2), live (2), gave (2), carolinas (2), obtain (2), charleston (2), established (2), collection (2), source (2), entry (2), suggest (2), gentleman (2), convinced (2), indies (2), personal (2), transcripts (2), kinsale (2), born (2), transportation (2), unnamed (2), daughter (2), flawed (2), secondary (2), minor (2), contributions (2), pair (2), 1960s (2), entitled (2), linda (2), grant (2), pauw (2), establishment (2), depict (2), alongside (2), brought (2), excite (2), relations (2), publisher (2), lover (2), allegedly (2), thought (2), killed (2), lesbianism (2), reputations (2), traditions (2), gender (2), biographies (2), criminals (2), boundaries (2), immediately (2), revealed (2), prevent (2), scholars (2), cannot (2), concerned (2), create (2), paragraph (2), son (2), copy (2), none (2), things (2), females (2), robberies (2), murders (2), offered (2), almost (2), identities (2), clothes (2), famous (2), concerns (2), offer (2), course (2), executions (2), besneck (2), peter (2), cornelian (2), convict (2), participants (2), howell (2), key (2), thinking (2), becoming (2), ran (2), weigh (2), get (2), refused (2), efforts (2), escape (2), drinking (2), colors (2), strike (2), swivel (2), responded (2), attempts (2), call (2), everyone (2), landed (2), guard (2), escort (2), commanded (2), bonnevie (2), tell (2), discovery (2), event (2), renewed (2), light (2), league (2), periauger (2), flew (2), hailed (2), saying (2), sent (2), canoe (2), agreed (2), engagements (2), pistols (2), powder (2), act (2), free (2), leagues (2), better (2), declared (2), need (2), submit (2), valued (2), skills (2), gohier (2), pursuit (2), turley (2), venture (2), united (2), sat (2), allow (2), smaller (2), presumably (2), extended (2), desires (2), couple (2), 1719 (2), gained (2), privateering (2), guardian (2), change (2), sensational (2), months (2), followed (2), actress (2), convicts (2), chesapeake (2), elizabeth (2), interested (2), graduate (2), best (2), great (2), helping (2), perspective (2), country (2), home (2), concern (2), projects (2), statistics (2), obtained (2), obstacles (2), discoveries (2), success (2), resources (2), uncategorized (2), progress (2), breaks (2), resumed (2), desktop (2), speed (2), increased (2), convert (2), digital (2), burnout (2), defended (2), break (2), researched (2), reached (2), phase (2), atlantic (2), collapse, bar, subscriptions, privacy, 221, subscribers, csp_historical, via, notifications, decade, billion, dollar, game, franchise, revive, awareness, games, consistent, centered, officials, confronted, portrayals, artistic, mediums, romanticized, base, remote, settlement, frame, buildings, elegant, beach, populated, gallivanting, attractive, dimensional, weak, caricature, delve, deep, peak, stood, stronghold, governments, news, graves, customs, collector, prediction, 1707, government, strength, predicted, pyrat, acquainted, too, shall, ruin, assisted, hitherto, prosecuted, aiding, abetting, assisting, villains, provision, grave, predictions, numbers, geography, table, excerpt, capt, lowther, mayo, gulf, matique, 1734, makeshift, tent, strongest, carries, memory, intriguing, occurring, lush, thrives, dates, sixteenth, centers, nineteenth, region, seldom, isolated, incidents, phd, student, department, california, adjunct, instructor, solano, community, college, exposes, influenced, themes, urbanization, industrialism, scale, immigration, neglects, dating, 1680s, spring, 511, 537, quarterly, doctorate, caesar, slave, intended, articles, arrive, begin, posting, enjoy, zamani, difficulty, matching, perceived, plagues, cronan, presidential, annual, meeting, argue, narrate, limits, realm, alike, stray, discussing, fill, accomplish, closer, definitive, voyages, raid, delaware, capes, latter, yielding, hindered, legend, millennium, possesses, myths, proved, rival, red, unfortunately, hunters, produce, defeat, dozens, chests, valuable, coins, creative, imagine, barrels, sugar, cocoa, cotton, slaves, perishable, commodities, 2247, missed, treasures, conjecture, collected, enormous, fortune, refuses, yield, generous, financial, organization, strives, enhance, appreciation, colin, woodard, jim, lawlor, stage, obscure, bonnet, hornigold, napping, bethany, easton, photographed, republic, portrayed, ruggiero, 1984, beard, photoshopped, picture, firsts, answer, glimpse, somewhat, provides, revolutionary, napoleonic, eras, compare, lower, class, onshore, tableware, utensils, mealtimes, dishes, cooks, prepare, rank, answering, variety, seamen, else, classic, samuel, summarized, endure, ragged, patience, rotten, abatement, quantity, agreeableness, victuals, serving, stereotype, ate, cliché, consumed, drinks, specifics, diets, asked, priority, doing, extremely, removed, title, prologue, jeff, pavlik, consultations, biscuits, galley, phillip, rate, cook, knife, hand, apron, leg, brian, lavery, arming, fitting, 1815, 196, burgoo, episode, preview, minute, featurette, quotes, promotional, videos, premiere, repeated, avoiding, clichés, films, parrots, patches, robert, newton, accent, stereotypes, perpetuate, blatant, repeats, inaccuracies, smallest, steps, unique, production, continues, promote, realistic, youtube, partnership, entertainment, network, machinima, week, aired, cheesy, thing, fantasy, trying, portray, hannah, eleanor, guthrie, brutal, gritty, steinberg, executive, producer, creator, historically, caution, viewings, plot, points, seasons, wyeth, 1911, illustration, luke, arnold, portraying, season, private, messenger, communication, oxforddnb, 39085, accessed, online, edn, 261, 253, coming, 159, citadel, 255, 267, dramatic, lusty, beauty, 155, merit, random, house, paperbacks, frederick, burwick, manushag, powell, paulgrave, macmillan, 187, 188, performance, steve, gooch, inspiration, subtly, suggesting, 257, rictor, norton, ulrike, marion, gabriel, montreal, rose, 212, rictornorton, htm, bonney, discovers, 1813, lifted, tarts, swashbucklers, harpercollins, 193, across, ages, tudor, 203, neil, 263, imaginary, 374, criminal, meanings, 357, 379, discusses, arguments, explore, nuances, longer, 153, 150, 620, attribution, doubts, descriptions, feminine, connotation, unusual, cambria, pines, fern, canyon, sites, parish, records, library, prove, timing, makes, educated, guess, footnote, dec, result, inaccurate, reporting, remaining, watch, tryal, 190, 191, deposition, minutes, deputy, 16ii, sizeable, snow, lewis, galdy, daniel, axtell, providing, security, targets, spared, recognize, visitor, traffic, somehow, tiger, plantations, item, 288, 100, harassing, indicated, referenced, letter, fourteen, match, count, counting, cspcs, calendar, testimony, pregnancy, cause, breast, increase, worth, 222, term, pimento, explanation, printers, gathering, intelligence, andrew, gibson, error, equivalent, 740, wil, mount, tho, india, hudson, amazones, monetary, placed, goods, coinage, holding, higher, encouraged, piece, 407, sums, utilize, mccusker, chapel, hill, 246, 247, 251, exchange, europe, 1775, handbook, tyrals, occur, sinking, omission, sound, deny, ian, mclaughlan, barnsley, seaforth, 280, 281, 1966, aji, vasudevan, measurement, evolution, proposals, christopher, shipping, measurements, 1973, 434, 435, joel, herman, baer, pickering, chatto, dimensions, 1695, formula, assuming, keel, maximum, ratio, cutt, falconet, weighing, lengths, weights, 200, resemble, cannons, weighed, 199, markings, barrel, nathan, henry, 31cr314, 2009, bulletin, 1660, 1730, shallops, 1650, 1763, excellency, esq, governour, conceiving, deducing, conceal, doctors, inspection, medicine, suggests, trimester, meaning, natalie, zacek, cambridge, 169, 174, settler, leeward, 1670, 1776, earlier, regards, assumption, pass, accidently, changed, identifying, remains, unresolved, acceptance, king, exact, adm, 2282, surrendered, engagement, suzanne, annapolis, naval, institute, 1996, capp, 2003, gossips, neighbourhood, appleby, woodbridge, boydell, 194, 1540, partners, victims, crime, edited, expands, mentioning, recover, reputation, mid, observation, nathaniel, mist, editions, spoke, willingly, gather, tendency, portions, surface, decisively, discount, 695, bloomsbury, 2011, 204, 205, 250, 252, 615, footnotes, contains, coincidences, nowhere, bristol, openly, 359, 360, words, 1690, untwisting, web, logic, clear, mostly, substantial, assumptions, admitted, proven, fame, sixteen, passed, additional, unveils, assertions, scrutiny, reason, assume, concept, retitled, father, returned, locate, boy, secured, marrying, nonfiction, remarried, settled, michael, radcliffe, promise, cease, evil, produced, county, researcher, charged, threatening, employers, sentenced, bibliographies, correct, adjusted, fit, transport, behind

Text of the page (random words):
divorce turnley refused and allegedly went and told governor rogers of this affair 6 the governor could not allow anne bonny s infidelity to continue in his colony rogers summoned anne bonny and anne fulworth to appear before him both women confessed to anne bonny s debaucheries in nassau rogers presumably held the same concerns other colonial leaders had about the marital activities of west indian colonists at that time british subjects in caribbean colonies held reputations for regularly having children outside of sanctioned marriages for engaging in polygamy and for women becoming more promiscuous after extended exposure to the caribbean s tropical climate 7 after hearing these confessions rogers demanded she stop engaging in her depravities or he would throw both women in jail and force john rackham to whip them in a public punishment sometime in august anne bonny and rackham conceived a child considering the potential consequences both of them faced if they stayed in nassau the piratical tendencies of rackham and the desires of both bonny and rackham to stay together the couple decided to leave the bahamas and to become pirates 8 the shared voyage of john rackham anne bonny and mary read began on august 22 1720 with the theft of john ham s sloop the william out of nassau s harbor governor rogers proclamation against these pirates on september 5 described the william as a small sloop of about 12 tons probably her registered tonnage and carrying four carriage guns and two swivel guns 9 a sloop of this size with a measured tonnage of around 18 tons would probably have a main deck length of between 35 and 40 feet a beam width between 9 5 and 10 feet and a draught of between 4 and 5 feet two of her carriage guns of a small caliber would have sat in the vessel s quarterdeck area the other two would have sat near the bow to allow for a better trim while sailing the william also had oars for rowing 10 in the appendix account johnson said the sloop was between 30 and 40 tons and described it as one of the swiftest sailers that ever was built of that kind 11 he then goes on to name the owner as john haman instead of ham and briefly describes ham s life in the bahamas and his frequent successful raids on the spanish off the coasts of cuba and hispaniola 12 considering the small size of rackham s gang and the regular use of smaller vessels by bahama residents at the time the proclamation s description appears more likely than the larger version mentioned in johnson s account cannon c 19 from the qar project as seen in the n c maritime museum at beaufort exhibit for the qar c 19 is a swedish gun from 1713 made of cast iron fired a 1 pound 1 81 inch diameter solid shot and measured 4 feet in length her size is similar to those that would have appeared on the sloop william rackham gathered a small crew of twelve men anne bonny and another woman named mary read to take the william johnson s appendix account described the taking of the sloop as a thoroughly planned operation involving bonny visiting the william and asking various questions about the activities of john ham and his crew they quietly boarded the sloop at midnight when it was dark and rainy surprised the two crewmembers onboard and bluffed their way past the harbor s guard ship and fort with an excuse concerning a broken anchor cable 13 neither johnson s appendix nor any other period accounts suggest when where or why rackham and bonny met mary read or any of the other pirates they recruited for this venture only that they united at and sailed from nassau for the next two weeks rackham and his crew attacked several vessels in the bahamas rogers proclamation said the pirates first sailed for the southern side of new providence island once they left nassau and robbed a james gohier in his boat immediately after the taking of the william the governor sent a sloop with 45 men to pursue the pirates 14 johnson does not mention gohier or the pursuit vessel but claims rackham and bonny went to revenge themselves on richard turley for telling the governor about bonny s desire to leave her husband they supposedly sailed to an island where turnley regularly caught turtles but turnley and his son were ashore salting a hog they recently killed the two managed to hide themselves in the woods when rackham s gang arrived the pirates failed to find turnley and instead robbed and sunk his sloop they also took richard conner or corner john davis and john howell who johnson claimed to be three of turley s four crewmen on the sloop to be part of rackham s gang this part of johnson s account conflicts with the reports from the boston gazette and the trial account which stated these three men started with rackham at the initial formation of the pirate crew 15 both johnson and the proclamation agree that the crew then proceeded to the berry islands and took a sloop sailing from south carolina to new providence 16 on september 2 rogers deployed another sloop of 12 guns and 54 men under dr rowan along with captain roach from barbadoes 17 before leaving the bahamas on september 3 the pirates captured seven fishing boats two leagues from harbour island they robbed the fishermen of their catch and their fishing tackle valued at 10 in jamaica money 18 two days later rogers issued his proclamation which declared john rackham and crew as pirates and stated that they swear destruction to all those who belong to the island of new providence 19 after leaving harbour island for nearly four weeks rackham and his gang sailed the small william south against the winds and currents that carried vessels north through the windward passage to the bahamas 20 sometime in late september the william arrived on the french coast of western hispaniola on october 1 the pirates encountered and captured two british merchant sloops one of these sloops crews included a mariner from philadelphia named james dobbin 21 at some point between this event and october 19 the pirates either forced or recruited james dobbin to join their crew 22 during their cruise off hispaniola the pirates discovered two frenchmen peter cornelian and john besneck hunting wild hogs rackham forced the two men to sail with the pirates 23 beyond the taking of these two frenchmen and the october 1 attacks there is no further information on whether the pirates encountered or attacked any other vessels between september 3 and october 19 between their departure from the bahamas and their arrival off jamaica rackham s crew lost five men since they started with twelve and ended up with only seven of the original pirates by october 19 it is unknown if battle disease desertion or other causes led to the loss of these men 24 it may be why the pirates added dobbin to their crew and forced the two frenchmen onto their sloop there are also no mentions of what bonny and read did during this period there is no evidence of either of them possessing maritime skills one possibility is that they did what other women on ships did in the age of sail repairing garments and laundry 25 after cruising south and west along hispaniola rackham and his crew decided to sail for jamaica s northern coast on the coast of jamaica the pirates took two vessels their most well documented prizes during their brief cruise on october 19 rackham bonny read the eight other english pirates and the two forced frenchmen made their first encounter five leagues from porto maria bay the pirates fired their muskets and pistols at a small british schooner called the neptune commanded by thomas spenlow of port royal the small arms fire convinced spenlow to surrender his vessel the pirates took fifty rolls of tobacco nine bags of allspice and other items from the neptune rackham then forced spenlow and his schooner to follow the pirates 26 the next day rackham s gang sailed west along the coast and encountered the sloop mary and sarah one league from dry harbour bay when the mary and sarah s master thomas dillon saw the unfamiliar sloop come into the bay and fire a gun at his vessel he led his crew ashore to better defend themselves the pirates continued to fire at dillon and his men dillon then hailed the pirates george featherstone the pirate sloop s master declared that they were english pirates and that they need not be afraid and that they wanted dillon to come aboard the pirate sloop 27 dillon and his men agreed to submit to the pirates who decided to take the mary and sarah valued at 300 in jamaica money 28 sometime on or between october 19 and october 22 the pirates also encountered the canoe of dorothy thomas which they robbed and released even though bonny and read demanded they kill thomas since she could testify against the pirates in court 29 the pirates possessing only a small crew soon realized they could not manage the william and two prize vessels at the same time they allowed spenlow and his crew to leave in the schooner neptune on october 21 about 48 hours after the pirates originally captured them 30 during their engagements on the coast of jamaica witnesses took notice of bonny and read in times of combat both women prepared for the conditions of battle by wearing sailors clothing they donned jackets trousers and handkerchiefs wrapped around their heads outside of combat the two wore women s attire even though they wore maritime clothes in combat their sailor s jackets did not hide their sex from onlookers who could still recognized them as women especially by the largeness of their breasts 31 while bonny and read did wield pistols and machetes during at least some of these encounters no witnesses ever mentioned their participation in discharging the ship s guns firing small arms or engaging in close combat bonny reportedly brought gunpowder to her fellow pirates during engagements probably referring to charges of powder for the ship s guns other women at sea also fulfilled this role a position often referred to as powder monkeys during the age of sail 32 at no point did the two women act like captives but instead swore and cursed like their fellow male pirates acted upon their own free will and consented to being pirates 33 the pirate career of rackham bonny and read ended on the night of october 22 that day about one league off negril point the westernmost point of jamaica rackham s crew and the william discovered a periauger a type of boat and nine mariners from port royal who supposedly purchased the boat to go turtling the nine men anchored their periauger and landed ashore right before the pirate sloop arrived which flew a white pennant and potentially fired a gun to gain the turtlers attention the men armed themselves and hid in the bushes nearby eventually one of the port royal mariners hailed the sloop the pirates responded by saying they were englishmen and desired them all to come on board and drink a bowl of punch 34 rackham then sent over a canoe to bring the nine men over to the william after some persuasion the mariners agreed to come onboard the pirate sloop still carrying their firearms and cutlasses onboard the nine men and the pirates drank together soon after the drinking bout between the port royal men and the pirates began another sloop came into sight the vessel that ended the pirate careers of everyone onboard the william 35 the sloop approaching the pirates belonged to captain jonathan barnet on that day barnet and another sloop commanded by a captain bonnevie happened to be sailing on their trading voyage to the south keys of cuba bonnevie s sloop sailing ahead of barnet s vessel sighted the william near the shore and thought he saw the sloop fire a gun he waited for barnet to come up so he could tell him of this discovery 36 five years before to this event barnet received a six month commission to hunt for pirates and to fish the spanish treasure fleet wrecks off the florida coast it is unclear if barnet ever renewed his privateer commission after may of 1716 regardless barnet being a brisk fellow according to jamaica governor nicholas lawes and carrying a large crew onboard his sloop decided to investigate what he deemed a suspicious vessel in the fading light of the evening 37 when the pirates saw barnet s sloop approach they ran from the vessel that could pose a potential threat to the william rackham ordered the crew to weigh anchor and tried to get the port royal men to help though they refused at first rackham soon coerced them to assist in weigh anchor through violence or at least through violent threats later witnesses also noted some of these mariners helped the pirates row the sloop in their efforts to escape some of the pirates and other mariners stayed on deck during the chase while others stayed below and continued drinking barnet fired a shot at the sloop from a distance and raised british colors but the pirates continued to run at 10 o clock that night barnet sailed close enough to hail the pirates barnet heard the pirates respond john rackam from cuba barnet demanded rackham strike to british colors which received the response of they would strike no strikes 38 after this refusal one or several people onboard the william fired a swivel gun a carriage gun small arms or some combination of the three at barnet s sloop barnet responded in kind with a full broadside and volley of small arms fire which caused all the port royal men on the pirate sloop to flee below decks the gunfire carried away the boom on the william s main mast making any further attempts at escape impossible and caused some of the people onboard the pirate sloop to call for quarter barnet s sloop sailed alongside to capture the pirates on the william after securing everyone on the pirate sloop and their former prize vessel the mary and sarah 39 barnet sailed to davis s cove where he landed twenty six men and two women he turned the pirates and the former prisoners of the pirates over to militia officer major richard james and a guard detail he recruited to escort the pirates to imprisonment and trial in spanish town 40 over the course of three trials held between november 16 1720 and january 24 1721 the court found most of the men involved with rackham s pirate activities guilty and hanged them in public executions only the two frenchmen john besneck and peter cornelian who testified against the pirates escaped any charges of piracy sir nicholas lawes s court of admiralty used loose evidence to convict the pirates and the port royal mariners who happened to be onboard that day the court considered the presence of the pirates and port royal men onboard a pirate vessel as enough evidence to convict defendants of being a willing participants in piracy 41 this resulted in the court ignoring the pleas of innocence from both rackham s pirate crew and the nine port royal mariners on november 18 jamaican authorities hanged john rackham george featherstone richard corner john davies and john howell at gallows point in port royal they took the bodies of rackham featherstone ...