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gies there is a principle specific to environmental ecology it states that anything is possible the worst disasters or the most flexible evolutions natural equilibriums will be increasingly reliant upon human intervention and a time will come when vast programmes will need to be set up in order to regulate the relationship between oxygen ozone and carbon dioxide in the earth s atmosphere we can add to this a whole host of possible geoengineering projects including the new proposal to add lime to the oceans to combat climate change that i blogged about just this morning guattari s vision of a machinic ecology is positively weinerian in scope if not utterly promethean he goes on to argue that the telos of humankind is in part to dare to confront the vertiginous cosmos so as to make it inhabitable not simply to keep equilibrium or stasis but indeed to bend all of nature to our will if with the proper ecosophic respect for life at all levels if all this is true why then does contemporary liberal ecology present itself in opposition to technological civilization and progress as such how does ecology resist the recognition of its own central contradiction žižek attributes ecology s conservative blindness to a kind of childish denial a refusal to accept emotionally what one knows to be the case intellectually a psychological inability endemic to the modern age to reconcile cold scientific appraisal with common sense žižek perhaps not unexpectedly relates this fundamental divide between scientific knowledge and the wisdom the basic trust in the background coordinates of our world we need to unlearn to lacan s notion of the big other the symbolic figure whom we believe will guarantee the harmony between the levels to guarantee that the overall interactions will be satisfactory there is of course no big other we are flying blind with no co pilot and the first solution to our predicament is the old lacanian one of recognizing this uncomfortable fact and the lesson of ecology is that we should go to the end here and accept the non existence of the ultimate big other nature itself with its pattern of regular rhythms the ultimate reference of order and stability what žižek rejects here is any notion of equilibrium to use the club of rome s preferred term or sustainability to use the one currently in vogue but this it would seem to me is in the end a too wide application of the category of denial that itself amounts to an act of denial in the end in the end the fact must be admitted all this technological civilization even one that is ecological in the žižekian guattarian sense simply cannot go on forever there is in the end a limit point some point past which it is simply impossible either to grow and expand on the one hand or perfect and regulate on the other the laws of physics the laws of weiner s entropic universe are in the end a kind of actually existing big other a big other of a sort that cannot be dispelled through promethean know how or through the infinite adaptability of the market or through a position of lacanian self knowledge in the end they are final including and especially the first and second laws of thermodynamics you can t get something for nothing and things fall apart there is in the end reality such as it is given this it seems prudent to inculcate some capacity to recognize and respect the limits to growth in this sense guattari and especially žižek seem to get their infinities tangled up the flexible recombination of the market is of a very particular and limited kind and should not be confused with the actual ability to do anything žižek is wrong too to argue that finitude necessarily leads to a hopeless conservatism because the recognition of our finitude is also the prerequisite for effective ecological knowledge and environmental policy in the first place there could be no ecology without finitude what need would there be for it and in this sense finitude cannot ever be tossed out it must rather be acknowledged and assented to even as we seek to do what we can for ourselves within that frame it is only in first studying and understanding nature as the ultimate reference of order and stability that ecologists can come to know what they can and cannot do what is and is not possible and therefore it is only in first recognizing and respecting natural patterns and regular rhythms that the ecologist can begin to do anything at all finitude this is to say is better understood as an immanent principle of existence rather than as some transcendent imposition from above the finitude imposed by entropic nature is as much the playing field as it is a barrier or limit point there is of course every reason to think that capitalism is uniquely unprepared to recognize either version of finitude or to approach its production capacity with anything resembling rational growth if that is we have not in fact already and unknowingly flown past it rather as foster continually reminds us through his invocations of marx capitalism itself is the primary accelerant towards our own immolation the problem is not merely the ceaseless unchecked drive towards accumulation though this of course is crucial but also the ways in which there is no ability under capitalism to regulate the desires of consumers except by sudden and in this case likely irreversible scarcity a crisis john bellamy foster writes in ecology against capital for marx the very nature of capitalist society from the very beginning had been built on a metabolic rift between city and country human beings and the earth a rift that has now been heightened beyond anything he could have imagined there is an irreversible environmental crisis within global capitalist society but setting aside capitalism a sustainable relation to the earth is not beyond reach to get there we have to change our social relations evoking john kenneth galbraith s famous dependence effect which reverses the classic economic relationship between commodity and need to understand capitalism as first producing needs for consumers which its products then step in to fulfill foster concludes that the relations of production within capitalism will simply never be capable of generating a society governed not by the search for profit but by people s genuine needs and the requirements of socio ecological sustainability in line with his understanding of marx as a proto ecological thinker as elaborated at length in his 2000 book marx s ecology foster calls this state of affairs socialism first and foremost among the things such a socialism will require in part is a ideology really an ethos that would allow us to imagine a future for humanity that is neither radically utopian or radically dystopian apocalyptic but rather in continuity with the present the language of sustainability that foster uses is one such paradigm but i find myself attracted instead to what kim stanley robinson has called permaculture in a recent interview with the web site bldgblog robinson defined permaculture in this way but if you think of yourself as terraforming earth and if you think about sustainability then you can start thinking about permaculture and what permaculture really means it s not just sustainable agriculture but a name for a certain type of history because the word sustainability is now code for let s make capitalism work over the long haul without ever getting rid of the hierarchy between rich and poor and without establishing social justice sustainable development as well that s a term that s been contaminated it doesn t even mean sustainable anymore it means let us continue to do what we re doing but somehow get away with it by some magic waving of the hands or some techno silver bullet suddenly we can make it all right to continue in all our current habits and yet it s not just that our habits are destructive they re not even satisfying to the people who get to play in them so there s a stupidity involved at the cultural level we should take the political and aesthetic baggage out of the term utopia i ve been working all my career to try to redefine utopia in more positive terms in more dynamic terms people tend to think of utopia as a perfect end stage which is by definition impossible and maybe even bad for us and so maybe it s better to use a word like permaculture which not only includes permanent but also permutation permaculture suggests a certain kind of obvious human goal which is that future generations will have at least as good a place to live as what we have now permaculture in this way weds the techno optimism of žižek and guattari with the eco pessimism of foster in a way that accounts for the rightness of both it rejects the paradigm of sustainable growth in favor of what it is essentially raw futurity the ethical imperative not only that there should be a future but that the people in it deserve a decent world in which to live this robinson says is closely tied to his career as a science fiction writer which he imagines speaking both from and for the future and you try to speak for them by envisioning scenarios that show them either doing things better or doing things worse but you re also alerting the generations alive right now that these people have a voice in history the future needs to be taken into account by the current system which regularly steals from it in order to pad our ridiculous current lifestyle for there is a third unspoken suggestion in permaculture too beyond permanence and permutation and that of course is permafrost that permanently frozen tundra of the arctic and sub arctic that is now for the first time in human history beginning to melt as a result of anthropogenic climate change the future is indeed under genuine threat the crises are indeed real and perhaps the catastrophes as well and as these things happen and we continue to do nothing our chances at permaculture and a livable better future slowly melt away posted by gerry canavan at 4 21 pm labels apocalypse capitalism climate change ecology futurity ideology kim stanley robinson mars marx permaculture politics science fiction socialism sustainability terraforming žižek digg this add to del icio us stumble it technorati monday june 16 2008 extinction level event posted by traxus4420 love then screams in my own throat i am the jesuve the filthy parody of the torrid and blinding sun let s consider danny boyle s sunshine as both a characteristically exaggerated response to environmental crisis and an extended visual pun on the term enlightenment the genre is easily the one most in tune with my lizard brain sci fi horror combining an alien menace cosmic scale and the latent erotics of the military industrial complex the premise is suitably elegant an elite crew of astronauts have to rejuvenate the dying sun by penetrating it with a huge bomb thus saving the human race from extinction there s a jingoism to this film that is no less present for its lack of national identification or corresponding ideological threat it delivers the jingoism of crisis its stance resolutely post ideological a fantasy wherein the reactionary instincts of the nation state are subordinated to the non negotiable reality of impending destruction though memorialized aesthetically by the pretty faces of the globalized cast humanity can then be reduced to its more cinema friendly individual universal weaknesses such as lust for power envy moral feeling and susceptibility to the sublime all of which prove themselves to be liabilities in the crisis situation if forgivable as sources of dramatic suspense bathos etc a more objective classier right the uk post 9 11 version of armageddon so do we then say sunshine belongs with the recent spate of non u s westerns the parent genre to a certain dominant mode of science fiction naught thought thinks so in this piece understanding the already post national history of the european enlightenment as one with the history of colonial expansion and imperial violence the obvious touchstone in contemporary philosophy is with jean françoislyotard s essay can thought go on without a body where the extinction of the human body is equated with the death of the sun the absolute limit of thought bodiless thought is not without material conditions but is also not reducible to preserved remains or combinatoric repetitions the recorded memories which might manifest in say a satellite that outlasts the collapse of the solar system artificial intelligence lyotard claims cannot be reducible to a program it must be able to transgress its own limits must carry some immanent differend a complex a libidinal motor for drives desires will it must suffer thought like the marauding cowboy must have spurs lyotard s philosophical myth can be read as a gnomic restatement of the question of late capitalism how does expansion continue in a post ontological post national universe more or less rhetorical its function is to reinforce the truth of its presuppositions post american westerns and western infused sci fi serve as good popular counterparts anti heroes slay evildoers in spectacular fashion despite existential ennui but the intrusion of horror complicates things somewhat the inversion of the western horror consists of variations on home invasion rather than the quest its villains tend toward the abstract like obvious influences 2001 solaris and alien sunshine s setting is a haunted house in space a seemingly familiar structure infected by its vast unfamiliar outside though the sun s five billion years premature decrepitude is never explained within the film on the dvd commentary we re informed that an invisible force of matter gets trapped by the mass of the sun and begins to eat its way out we re also told that because of our sun s relatively middling mass this could never actually happen despite the realism of the hardware and the performances then the film is really closer to a thought experiment with set parameters one of those push the fatty or pull the lever things than to traditional speculative fiction and unlike conventional horror there is little mystery even for the characters the premise is not exactly established but asserted beforehand if the sun dies so do we lyotard s question is answered with a simple no aesthetically sunshine is wonderful when the sun is front and center cgi actually works in space and enjoyable in that modern overbearing way when its not though like many movies these days it demands you think it intelligent for quoting the 1970s and in the end a third act slide into event horizon territory ruins all hope for respectability after a series of moral dilemmas where the crew makes increasingly irrational blunders deviating from the mission trying to save the crew of the previous vessel is the first fateful misstep they find themselves stalked by a crazy speechifying romantic villain in the kurtz pinhead vein i am pinbacker commander of the icarus one we have abandoned our mission our star is dying all ...