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description=Overview of authorization policies in Cloud Load Balancing.;

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request for an authorization policy with an allow or deny action an http rule authzrule defines the conditions that determine whether traffic is allowed to pass through the load balancer at least one http rule is required for an authorization policy with a custom action an http rule authzrule defines the conditions that determine whether traffic is delegated to the custom provider for authorization a custom provider is required while http rules are optional a policy match occurs when at least one http rule matches the request or when no http rules are defined in the policy an authorization policy http rule consists of the following fields from specifies the identity of the client that is allowed by the rule the identity can be derived from a client certificate in a mutual tls connection or it can be the ambient identity associated with the client virtual machine vm instance such as from a service account or a secure tag to specifies the operations allowed by the rule such as the urls that can be accessed or the http methods allowed when specifies additional constraints that must be met you can use common expression language cel expressions to define the constraints authorization policy actions when evaluating a request an authorization policy specifies the action authzaction to be applied on the request an authorization policy needs to have at least one action which can be one of the following allow allows the request to pass through to the backend if the request matches any of the rules specified within an allow policy if allow policies exist but there is no match the request is denied in other words the request is denied if none of the configured authorization policies with an allow action match the request in cloud logging this action is logged as denied_as_no_allow_policies_matched_request for an allow action to be applied you need at least one http rule deny denies the request if the request matches any of the rules specified within a deny policy if deny policies exist but there is no match the request is allowed in other words the request is allowed if none of the configured authorization policies with a deny action match the request in cloud logging this action is logged as allowed_as_no_deny_policies_matched_request for a deny action to be applied you need at least one http rule custom delegates the authorization decision to a custom authorization provider such as iap or service extensions to learn more see delegate authorization decisions if there are http rules configured for a custom policy the request needs to match the http rules to invoke the custom provider however if no http rules are defined then the authorization policy always delegates the authorization decision to a custom authorization provider to learn more see the examples in authorization policy to delegate authorization decisions authorization policy evaluation order an authorization policy supports custom deny and allow policies for access control when multiple authorization policies are associated with a single resource the custom policy is evaluated first then the deny policy and finally the allow policy the evaluation is determined by the following rules if there is a custom policy that matches the request the custom policy is evaluated using a custom authorization provider if the custom provider rejects the request it is denied deny or allow policies aren t evaluated even if any are configured if there are any deny policies that match the request the request is denied any allow policies aren t evaluated even if they are configured if no allow policies exist the request is allowed if any of the allow policies match the request allow the request if allow policies exist but there is no match the request is denied in other words the request is denied by default if none of the configured authzpolicies with allow action match the request for regional external application load balancers regional internal application load balancers agent gateway and secure web proxy google cloud services that support policy profiles the authorization policy evaluation order is as follows if there is a custom request authorization request_authz policy that matches the request the request_authz policy is evaluated using a custom authorization provider if the custom provider rejects the request it is denied deny allow and content_authz policies aren t evaluated even if any are configured if there are any deny policies that match the request the request is denied allow and content_authz policies aren t evaluated even if they are configured if no allow policies exist the request proceeds to content authorization content_authz evaluation if any of the allow policies match the request the request proceeds to content_authz evaluation if allow policies exist but there is no match the request is denied content_authz policies aren t evaluated if there is a content_authz policy that matches the request it is evaluated last if the custom provider rejects the request it is denied policy profiles in authorization policies preview this feature is subject to the pre ga offerings terms in the general service terms section of the service specific terms pre ga features are available as is and might have limited support for more information see the launch stage descriptions policy profiles in authorization policies are supported for the following google cloud services regional external application load balancers regional internal application load balancers agent gateway secure web proxy a policy profile policyprofile in an authorization policy is of the following types request authorization profile request_authz relies on information in http request headers to allow or deny traffic content authorization profile content_authz provides content based security and filtering to block prompt injection attacks prevent sensitive data leaks and filter harmful content you can configure an authorization policy with either a request_authz profile or a content_authz profile but not both if a policy profile is not specified the authorization policy uses the request_authz profile by default request authorization profile authorization policies using the request_authz policy profile can evaluate access decisions for incoming traffic either directly or delegate them you can delegate access decisions to identity aware proxy or to a custom authorization engine using an authorization extension the request_authz policy profile acts on information in the http request headers to allow or deny a request an authorization policy with the request_authz policy profile can have an allow deny or custom action applied to the request an action of allow or deny means that the access decision is evaluated directly whereas a custom action means that the access decision is delegated when the access decision is delegated an authorization policy configured on the forwarding rule of the load balancer points to a request authorization extension that runs on a callout backend service for each authorization request the load balancer forwards the request headers to the authorization extension using envoy s ext_proc or ext_authz protocol depending on the response from the extension the load balancer proxy either forwards the request to its backend service or rejects the request if a policy profile is not specified the authorization policy uses the request authorization profile request_authz by default content authorization profile authorization policies using the content_authz policy profile can be used to perform deep inspection of your application payloads to allow or deny requests or mutate the requests or responses as necessary you can delegate access decisions to either model armor or your own content sanitization extension an authorization policy with the content_authz policy profile can only have a custom action applied to the request this means that the request cannot be evaluated directly and needs to be delegated an authorization policy configured on the forwarding rule of the load balancer points to a content authorization extension for each authorization request the load balancer forwards the full request and response content which includes headers body and trailers using envoy s ext_proc protocol in full duplex streaming mode full_duplex_streamed to the content authorization extension depending on the response from the extension the load balancer proxy either forwards the request to its destination or rejects the request the destination in the case of a request is the backend service of the load balancer and in the case of a response is the client delegate authorization decisions authorization policies can be evaluated directly or they can be delegated for complex authorization decisions that can t be expressed using an authorization policy you can create an authorization policy with a custom action and delegate the authorization decision to a google managed service or a user managed service through service extensions google managed service model armor identity aware proxy user managed service a google cloud backend service a service accessible by a fully qualified domain name fqdn that supports envoy s ext_proc or ext_authz protocol the following table summarizes the different services that an authorization decision can be delegated to through service extensions authorization policy evaluated directly delegated to service extensions authorization extension google managed services user managed services model armor identity aware proxy google cloud backend service fqdn based service request_authz profile content_authz profile service extensions you can use authorization policies to delegate authorization decisions to service extensions specifically of the type authorization extension authorization extensions support callouts to inject custom logic into google cloud application load balancers this capability lets you write your own code to perform various activities on traffic processed by a load balancer such as header rewrites incremental security custom logging and custom user authentication with service extensions callouts you instruct the load balancer to forward traffic from within the load balancing data processing path using grpc calls to a callout service which can be user managed or google managed the different callout services are defined in the preceding table these callout services run the authorization extension and can apply various policies or functions before returning the traffic to the load balancer for further processing the following diagram shows this process authorization policy delegating authorization decision through an authorization extension click to enlarge to delegate authorization decisions to an authorization extension create an authorization extension authzextension that runs on a callout service then you can create an authorization policy with a custom action and point it to the authorization extension that you created the authorization extension can be used to perform both request level authorization request_authz and content sanitization content_authz to learn more about how to delegate authorization decision to a user managed google cloud backend service or an fqdn based service see delegate authorization decision to a user managed service authorization extensions in the data processing path when delegating an authorization decision to service extensions specifically of the type authorization extension note the following terminology when a custom authorization policy with a request_authz policy profile points to an authorization extension authzextension the authorization extension is referred to as a request authorization extension when an authorization policy with a content_authz policy profile points to an authorization extension authzextension the authorization extension is referred to as a content authorization extension in the request processing path a request authorization extension is invoked first followed by deny and allow policy evaluation then the content authorization extension and finally the traffic extension a content authorization extension can also be invoked in the response processing path the following diagram shows the sequence in which different extensions are invoked note the request authorization extension is invoked only when the request headers arrive request body along with response headers and response body is not visible to the request authorization extension request authorization extension invoked before a content authorization extension click to enlarge you can think of different extensions as hooks that get triggered along certain points of the data processing path to learn more about the different extensions see extensibility points in the load balancing data path in the service extensions documentation model armor you can use authorization policies to enable model armor to apply ai guardrails that prevent generation of harmful content prevent prompt injection and prevent data leakage to do this you can create an authorization extension authzextension that runs on a model armor service then you can create an authorization policy with a custom action and a content_authz profile that points to the authorization extension that you created to learn more about how to delegate authorization to model armor see delegate authorization decision to model armor identity aware proxy you can delegate authorization decisions to identity aware proxy iap verifies user identity and context of the request to determine if a user should be allowed to access an application or a resource for global external application load balancers and cross region internal application load balancers you cannot delegate the authorization decision to iap through an authorization extension for regional external application load balancers and regional internal application load balancers you can configure an authorization policy to delegate the authorization decision to iap through an authorization extension to learn more about using iap as an authorization service see delegate authorization decision to identity aware proxy authorization policy based on principals to identify the source of traffic with high granularity you can configure authorization policies based on identities derived from a client s certificate this method requires frontend mtls to be enabled on the load balancer and uses the following certificate attributes as a principal selector for identification client certificate uri sans client_cert_uri_san client certificate dns name sans client_cert_dns_name_san client certificate common name client_cert_common_name if no principal selector is specified for identification client_cert_uri_san is used as the default principal selector this means that the client certificate s uri sans are evaluated when making authorization decisions for principal based authorization to work the following conditions must apply frontend mtls must be enabled if frontend mtls isn t enabled the...