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cloud sql remote mcp server best practices for securing agent interactions with mcp use saved queries overview create and manage saved queries build data agents with conversational analytics query database in natural language with querydata monitor and optimize about database observability monitor and troubleshoot with ai assistance audit audit logs mysql database auditing use mysql database auditing performance capture overview configure performance capture view performance capture logs query performance use query insights use index advisor monitor active queries system performance monitor instances view instance logs use system insights monitor cloud sql using the database insights mcp server apply recommendations create indexes or reconfigure join settings disable public ip enable database auditing enforce ssl tls encryption improve instance reliability by enabling high availability improve performance with enterprise plus increase the table open cache manage open tables and open table definitions manage high number of tables monitor disk availability optimize high cpu usage optimize high memory usage optimize instances with high number of out of memory events prevent data loss by enabling automated backups prevent data loss by increasing backup retention reconfigure connection settings reconfigure log settings reconfigure temporary table settings reduce idle cloud sql instances reduce overprovisioned cloud sql instances reduce underprovisioned cloud sql instances remove authorized networks remove broad public ip ranges rotate server certificates set instance password policies set user password policies use looker with cloud sql troubleshoot known issues troubleshoot error messages debug connection issues diagnose issues orphan tables issues updating storage capacity high disk usage issues ai and ml application development application hosting compute data analytics and pipelines databases distributed hybrid and multicloud industry solutions migration networking observability and monitoring security storage access and resources management costs and usage management infrastructure as code sdk languages frameworks and tools home documentation databases cloud sql mysql guides send feedback debug connection issues stay organized with collections save and categorize content based on your preferences mysql postgresql sql server introduction generally connection issues fall into one of the following three areas connecting are you able to reach your instance over the network authorizing are you authorized to connect to the instance authenticating does the database accept your database credentials each of those can be further broken down into different paths for investigation the following section includes examples of questions you can ask yourself to help further narrow down the issue connection issues checklist connecting private ip have you enabled the service networking api for your project are you using a shared vpc does your user or service account have the required iam permissions to manage a private services access connection is private services access connection configured for your project did you allocate an ip address range for the private connection did your allocated ip address ranges contain at least a 24 space for every region where you are planning to create mysql instances if you are specifying an allocated ip address range for your mysql instances does the range contain at least a 24 space for every region where you are planning to create mysql instances in this range is the private connection created if the private connection was changed were the vpc peerings updated do the vpc logs indicate any errors is your source machine s ip a non rfc 1918 address public ip is your source ip listed as an authorized network are ssl tls certificates required does your user or service account have the required iam permissions to connect to a cloud sql instance authorizing cloud sql auth proxy is the cloud sql auth proxy up to date is the cloud sql auth proxy running is the instance connection name formed correctly in the cloud sql auth proxy connection command have you checked the cloud sql auth proxy output pipe the output to a file or watch the cloud shell terminal where you started the cloud sql auth proxy does your user or service account have the required iam permissions to connect to a cloud sql instance have you enabled the cloud sql admin api for your project if you have an outbound firewall policy make sure it allows connections to port 3307 on the target cloud sql instance if you are connecting using unix domain sockets confirm that the sockets were created by listing the directory specified with the dir when you started the cloud sql auth proxy cloud sql connectors and language specific code is the connection string formed correctly have you compared your code with the sample code for your programming language are you using a runtime or framework for which we don t have sample code if so have you looked to the community for relevant reference material self managed ssl tls certificates is the client certificate installed on the source machine is the client certificate spelled correctly in the connection arguments is the client certificate still valid are you getting errors when connecting using ssl is the server certificate still valid authorized networks is the source ip address included are you using a non rfc 1918 ip address are you using an unsupported ip address connection failures are you authorized to connect are you seeing connection limit errors is your application closing connections properly authenticating native database authentication username password are you seeing access denied errors are the username and password correct iam database authentication have you enabled the cloudsql iam_authentication flag on your instance did you add a policy binding for the account are you using the cloud sql auth proxy with the enable_iam_login or an oauth 2 0 token as the database password if using a service account are you using the shortened email name learn more about iam database authentication in postgresql error messages for specific api error messages see the error messages reference page additional connectivity troubleshooting for other issues see the connectivity section in the troubleshooting page common connection issues verify that your application is closing connections properly if you see errors containing aborted connection nnnn to db it usually indicates that your application is not stopping connections properly network issues can also cause this error the error does not mean that there are problems with your cloud sql instance you are also encouraged to run tcpdump to inspect the packets to track down the source of the problem for examples of best practices for connection management see managing database connections verify that your certificates have not expired if your instance is configured to use ssl go to the cloud sql instances page in the google cloud console and open the instance open its connections page select the security tab and make sure that your server certificate is valid if it has expired you must add a new certificate and rotate to it verify that you are authorized to connect if your connections are failing check that you are authorized to connect if you are having trouble connecting using an ip address for example you are connecting from your on premises environment with the mysql client then make sure that the ip address you are connecting from is authorized to connect to the cloud sql instance connections to a cloud sql instance using a private ip address are automatically authorized for rfc 1918 address ranges this way all private clients can access the database without going through the cloud sql auth proxy non rfc 1918 address ranges must be configured as authorized networks cloud sql doesn t learn non rfc 1918 subnet routes from your vpc by default you need to update the network peering to cloud sql to export any non rfc 1918 routes for example gcloud compute networks peerings update cloudsql mysql googleapis com network network export subnet routes with public ip project project_id here s your current ip address try the gcloud sql connect command to connect to your instance this command authorizes your ip address for a short time you can run this command in an environment with gcloud cli and mysql client installed you can also run this command in cloud shell which is available in the google cloud console and has gcloud cli and the mysql client pre installed cloud shell provides a compute engine instance that you can use to connect to cloud sql temporarily allow all ip addresses to connect to an instance for ipv4 authorize 0 0 0 0 0 for ipv6 authorize 0 note authorizing all ip addresses opens your database to any client that tries to connect if you have sensitive or proprietary data in your database don t use this method to investigate connectivity issues verify how you connect if you get an error message like error 1045 28000 access denied for user root 1 2 3 4 using password no when you connect verify that you are providing a password if you get an error message like error 1045 28000 access denied for user root 1 2 3 4 using password yes when you connect verify that you are using the correct password and that you are connecting over ssl if the instance requires it determine how connections are being initiated you can see information about your current connections by connecting to your database and running the following command show processlist connections that show an ip address such as 1 2 3 4 are connecting using ip connections with cloudsqlproxy 1 2 3 4 are using the cloud sql auth proxy or else they originated from app engine connections from localhost may be used by some internal cloud sql processes connection limits there are no qps limits for cloud sql instances however there are connection size and app engine specific limits in place see quotas and limits database connections consume resources on the server and the connecting application always use good connection management practices to minimize your application s footprint and reduce the likelihood of exceeding cloud sql connection limits for more information see managing database connections show connections and threads if you get the too many connections error message or want to find out what is happening on an instance you can show the number of connections and threads with show processlist from a mysql client run mysql show processlist you get output similar to the following id user host db command time state info 3 user name client ip null query 0 null show processlist 5 user name client ip guestbook sleep 1 select from titles 17 user name client ip employees query 0 null show processlist 3 rows in set 0 09 sec for information about how to interpret the columns returned from processlist see the mysql reference to get a thread count you can use mysql show status where variable_name threads_connected you get output similar to the following variable_name value threads_connected 7 1 row in set 0 08 sec connections timeout from compute engine connections with a compute engine instance timeout after 10 minutes of inactivity which can affect long lived unused connections between your compute engine instance and your cloud sql instance for more information see networking and firewalls in the compute engine documentation to keep long lived unused connections alive you can set the tcp keepalive the following commands set the tcp keepalive value to one minute and make the configuration permanent across instance reboots display the current tcp_keepalive_time value cat proc sys net ipv4 tcp_keepalive_time set tcp_keepalive_time to 60 seconds and make it permanent across reboots echo net ipv4 tcp_keepalive_time 60 sudo tee a etc sysctl conf apply the change sudo sbin sysctl load etc sysctl conf display the tcp_keepalive_time value to verify the change was applied cat proc sys net ipv4 tcp_keepalive_time connect with ipv6 if you get either of the error messages can t connect to mysql server on 2001 1234 4321 10051 can t connect to mysql server on 2001 1234 4321 101 when you connect it is likely that you are attempting to connect to the ipv6 address of your instance but do not have ipv6 available on your workstation you can verify whether ipv6 is functional on your workstation by going to ipv6 google com if it does not load then you do not have ipv6 available connect to the ipv4 address or your cloud sql instance instead you may need to add an ipv4 address to your instance first occasional connection failures legacy ha when cloud sql restarts an instance due to maintenance events connections might be routed to the failover replica when connecting to the failover replica read requests from clients using unencrypted connections succeed as normal however write requests fail and return an error message such as error 1290 the mysql server is running with the read only option so it cannot execute this statement read and write requests from clients using encrypted connections fail and return an error message such as x509 certificate is valid for master instance not failover instance after the event is over cloud sql resets the connection retry the connection we recommend that you design your applications to handle occasional connection failures by implementing an error handling strategy like exponential backoff see application implementation for more information tools for debugging connectivity note tools that are based on the internet control message protocol icmp such as ping and traceroute do not work with cloud sql do not use these tools for troubleshooting because they can return false negatives tcpdump the tcpdump is a tool to capture packets it s highly encouraged to run tcpdump to capture and inspect the packets between your host and the cloud sql instances when you are debugging the connectivity problems locate your local ip address if you don t know the local address of your host then run the ip br address show command on linux this shows the network interface the status of the interface the local ip and mac addresses for example eth0 up 10 128 0 7 32 fe80 4001 aff fe80 7 64 alternatively you can run ipconfig or ifconfig to see the status of your network interfaces test with connectivity test connectivity test is a diagnostics tool that lets you check connectivity between endpoints in your network it analyzes your configuration and in some cases performs run time verification it supports cloud sql now follow these instructions to run tests with your cloud sql instances test your connection you can use the mysql client to test your ability to connect from your local environment for more information see connecting the mysql client using ip addresses and connecting the mysql client using the cloud sql auth proxy determine the ip address for your application to determine the ip address of a computer running your ap...