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know whether this is due to stronger and more persistent sea breezes on excessively hot days or due to more nighttime watering of vegetation during those days or some combination of both at this point you might be wondering how can the hottest days have cooler urban temperatures this is where i have to explain how i classify excessively hot days because there are so many ghcn stations within 40 km of downtown la there are days when some stations exceed their 97th percentile hottest temperature and other stations do not so how do we decide which days are excessively hot for the metropolitan region as a whole i calculate for each date in the summers of 1985 2025 how many stations exceed their 97th percentile threshold i then compute the average daily temperature across those stations for la it turns out at least 12 stations exceeding their 97th percentile temperature threshold are required in order for approximately 3 of the dates to be categorized as excessively hot thus providing a 97th percentile threshold for the whole msa region i then use that 12 station minimum applied to tmax not tmin to decide which dates are excessively hot i am finding that most of the major cities in the western u s have reduced uhi heating and like la even cooling during daytime and nighttime on excessively hot days in many cases i believe this is due to watering of vegetation which for every city i have checked grok says that city has more water usage during the nighttime hours on excessively hot days for example here are the results for portland vancouver hillsboro the 24th most populous msa in the u s note how the fairly strong uhi warming effect on tmax and tmin is reduced on the hottest days especially at night when most watering occurs fig 4 as in fig 2 but for all station pairs within 60 km of downtown portland oregon for the bottom curve in fig 4 nighttime portland temperatures on excessively hot dates one might even imagine the maximum cooling effect from more watering is in the suburbs is less than 20 30 but then switching to warming in the most urban areas is over 50 presumably due to differences in areal coverage by vegetation being watered i am through about two dozen of the 50 most populous metropolitan areas i want to include results for as part of a paper we are preparing for submission to the journal urban climate since those 50 msas include over 50 of the u s population chances are good your city or town will also be included posted in blog article 104 comments uah v6 1 global temperature update for march 2026 0 38 deg c april 3rd 2026 march 2026 was record warm for the lower 48 the version 6 1 global average lower tropospheric temperature lt anomaly for march 2026 was 0 38 deg c departure from the 1991 2020 mean statistically unchanged from the february 2026 value of 0 39 deg c the version 6 1 global area averaged linear temperature trend january 1979 through march 2026 remains at 0 16 deg c decade 0 22 c decade over land 0 13 c decade over oceans the following table lists various regional version 6 1 lt departures from the 30 year 1991 2020 average for the last 27 months record highs are in red year mo globe nhem shem tropic usa48 arctic aust 2024 jan 0 80 1 0 2 0 57 1 20 0 19 0 40 1 12 2024 feb 0 88 0 94 0 81 1 16 1 31 0 85 1 16 2024 mar 0 88 0 96 0 80 1 2 5 0 22 1 05 1 34 2024 apr 0 94 1 12 0 76 1 15 0 86 0 88 0 54 2024 may 0 77 0 77 0 78 1 20 0 04 0 20 0 52 2024 june 0 69 0 78 0 60 0 85 1 36 0 63 0 91 2024 july 0 73 0 86 0 61 0 96 0 44 0 56 0 07 2024 aug 0 75 0 81 0 69 0 74 0 40 0 88 1 7 5 2024 sep 0 81 1 04 0 58 0 82 1 31 1 48 0 98 2024 oct 0 75 0 89 0 60 0 63 1 89 0 81 1 09 2024 nov 0 64 0 87 0 40 0 53 1 11 0 79 1 00 2024 dec 0 61 0 75 0 47 0 52 1 41 1 12 1 54 2025 jan 0 45 0 70 0 21 0 24 1 07 0 74 0 48 2025 feb 0 50 0 55 0 45 0 26 1 03 2 10 0 87 2025 mar 0 57 0 73 0 41 0 40 1 24 1 23 1 20 2025 apr 0 61 0 76 0 46 0 36 0 81 0 85 1 21 2025 may 0 50 0 45 0 55 0 30 0 15 0 75 0 98 2025 june 0 48 0 48 0 47 0 30 0 80 0 05 0 39 2025 july 0 36 0 49 0 23 0 45 0 32 0 40 0 53 2025 aug 0 39 0 39 0 39 0 16 0 06 0 82 0 11 2025 sep 0 53 0 56 0 49 0 35 0 38 0 77 0 30 2025 oct 0 53 0 52 0 55 0 24 1 12 1 42 1 67 2025 nov 0 43 0 59 0 27 0 24 1 32 0 78 0 36 2025 dec 0 30 0 45 0 15 0 19 2 10 0 32 0 37 2026 jan 0 35 0 51 0 19 0 09 0 30 1 40 0 95 2026 feb 0 39 0 54 0 23 0 03 1 91 0 48 0 73 2026 mar 0 38 0 33 0 42 0 07 3 74 0 48 1 14 year mo globe nhem shem tropic usa48 arctic aust record warmth in the contiguous u s lower 48 for the lower 48 the march 2026 temperature anomaly was easily the record warmest of all months in the 47 year satellite record 3 7 deg c above average for all marches second place goes to march 2012 with 2 2 deg c above the mean while 3rd place goes to december 2025 at 2 1 deg c interestingly december through april are periods of large variability for the lower 48 all 6 of the warmest months in terms of departures from normal since 1979 occurred in december through april furthermore all 8 of the coldest months occurred in december through april the full uah global temperature report along with the lt global gridpoint anomaly map for march 2026 and a more detailed analysis by john christy should be available within the next several days here the monthly anomalies for various regions for the four deep layers we monitor from satellites will be available in the next several days at the following locations lower troposphere mid troposphere tropopause lower stratosphere posted in blog article 1 136 comments march 2026 satellite temperatures record warmth in u s but uneventful for the northern hemisphere april 3rd 2026 i m told by john christy that there has been considerable discussion amongst the state climatologists about march temperatures in the u s setting a new record if true the media will no doubt lecture us on how this is evidence for global warming why do we never hear about cool months being evidence against global warming it is human nature to think the weather we experience has some sort of global significance but look at noaa s best estimate of march 2026 temperature departures from normal 1991 2020 average over north america below yeah the u s was unusually warm but what about all the unusual chill over the northern parts of north america alaska and most of canada were below normal fig 1 noaa climate data assimilation system cdas surface air temperature departures from the 1991 2020 average for march 2026 courtesy of weatherbell com uah satellite lower tropospheric temperatures for march 2026 as part of our monthly global temperature updates posted separately here are the march temperature departures from normal for the lower troposphere 1979 through 2026 in the lower 48 top panel of fig 2 last month was clearly the warmest in the 48 year satellite temperature record fig 2 march satellite based lower tropospheric temperature departures from the 1991 2020 average during the period 1979 2026 for top the contiguous 48 u s states and bottom northern hemisphere land areas all quantities are area weighted averages but when we examine the bottom panel in fig 2 we see that averaged over all land areas of the northern hemisphere including canada and alaska march 2026 was uneventful and was even cooler than 2024 and 2025 in fact 2026 was right on the long term trend line the message here is that the unusual and likely record warmth of march 2026 in the u s was largely due to normal month to month weather variations while the large scale climate signal shows march was a continuation of the slow and largely benign and possibly even beneficial warming trend we have been experiencing in recent decades posted in blog article 17 comments uah v6 1 global temperature update for february 2026 0 39 deg c march 3rd 2026 the version 6 1 global average lower tropospheric temperature lt anomaly for february 2026 was 0 39 deg c departure from the 1991 2020 mean up a little from the january 2026 value of 0 35 deg c the version 6 1 global area averaged linear temperature trend january 1979 through february 2026 remains at 0 16 deg c decade 0 22 c decade over land 0 13 c decade over oceans the following table lists various regional version 6 1 lt departures from the 30 year 1991 2020 average for the last 26 months record highs are in red year mo globe nhem shem tropic usa48 arctic aust 2024 jan 0 80 1 0 2 0 57 1 20 0 19 0 40 1 12 2024 feb 0 88 0 94 0 81 1 16 1 31 0 85 1 16 2024 mar 0 88 0 96 0 80 1 2 5 0 22 1 05 1 34 2024 apr 0 94 1 12 0 76 1 15 0 86 0 88 0 54 2024 may 0 77 0 77 0 78 1 20 0 04 0 20 0 52 2024 june 0 69 0 78 0 60 0 85 1 36 0 63 0 91 2024 july 0 73 0 86 0 61 0 96 0 44 0 56 0 07 2024 aug 0 75 0 81 0 69 0 74 0 40 0 88 1 7 5 2024 sep 0 81 1 04 0 58 0 82 1 31 1 48 0 98 2024 oct 0 75 0 89 0 60 0 63 1 89 0 81 1 09 2024 nov 0 64 0 87 0 40 0 53 1 11 0 79 1 00 2024 dec 0 61 0 75 0 47 0 52 1 41 1 12 1 54 2025 jan 0 45 0 70 0 21 0 24 1 07 0 74 0 48 2025 feb 0 50 0 55 0 45 0 26 1 03 2 10 0 87 2025 mar 0 57 0 73 0 41 0 40 1 24 1 23 1 20 2025 apr 0 61 0 76 0 46 0 36 0 81 0 85 1 21 2025 may 0 50 0 45 0 55 0 30 0 15 0 75 0 98 2025 june 0 48 0 48 0 47 0 30 0 80 0 05 0 39 2025 july 0 36 0 49 0 23 0 45 0 32 0 40 0 53 2025 aug 0 39 0 39 0 39 0 16 0 06 0 82 0 11 2025 sep 0 53 0 56 0 49 0 35 0 38 0 77 0 30 2025 oct 0 53 0 52 0 55 0 24 1 12 1 42 1 67 2025 nov 0 43 0 59 0 27 0 24 1 32 0 78 0 36 2025 dec 0 30 0 45 0 15 0 19 2 10 0 32 0 37 2026 jan 0 35 0 51 0 19 0 09 0 30 1 40 0 95 2026 feb 0 39 0 54 0 23 0 03 1 91 0 48 0 73 the full uah global temperature report along with the lt global gridpoint anomaly map for february 2026 and a more detailed analysis by john christy should be available within the next several days here the monthly anomalies for various regions for the four deep layers we monitor from satellites will be available in the next several days at the following locations lower troposphere mid troposphere tropopause lower stratospher posted in blog article 478 comments uah v6 1 global temperature update for january 2026 0 35 deg c february 3rd 2026 the version 6 1 global average lower tropospheric temperature lt anomaly for january 2026 was 0 35 deg c departure from the 1991 2020 mean up a little from the december 2025 value of 0 30 deg c the version 6 1 global area averaged linear temperature trend january 1979 through january 2026 remains at 0 16 deg c decade 0 22 c decade over land 0 13 c decade over oceans the following table lists various regional version 6 1 lt departures from the 30 year 1991 2020 average for the last 25 months record highs are in red year mo globe nhem shem tropic usa48 arctic aust 2024 jan 0 80 1 0 2 0 57 1 20 0 19 0 40 1 12 2024 feb 0 88 0 94 0 81 1 16 1 31 0 85 1 16 2024 mar 0 88 0 96 0 80 1 2 5 0 22 1 05 1 34 2024 apr 0 94 1 12 0 76 1 15 0 86 0 88 0 54 2024 may 0 77 0 77 0 78 1 20 0 04 0 20 0 52 2024 june 0 69 0 78 0 60 0 85 1 36 0 63 0 91 2024 july 0 73 0 86 0 61 0 96 0 44 0 56 0 07 2024 aug 0 75 0 81 0 69 0 74 0 40 0 88 1 7 5 2024 sep 0 81 1 04 0 58 0 82 1 31 1 48 0 98 2024 oct 0 75 0 89 0 60 0 63 1 89 0 81 1 09 2024 nov 0 64 0 87 0 40 0 53 1 11 0 79 1 00 2024 dec 0 61 0 75 0 47 0 52 1 41 1 12 1 54 2025 jan 0 45 0 70 0 21 0 24 1 07 0 74 0 48 2025 feb 0 50 0 55 0 45 0 26 1 03 2 10 0 87 2025 mar 0 57 0 73 0 41 0 40 1 24 1 23 1 20 2025 apr 0 61 0 76 0 46 0 36 0 81 0 85 1 21 2025 may 0 50 0 45 0 55 0 30 0 15 0 75 0 98 2025 june 0 48 0 48 0 47 0 30 0 80 0 05 0 39 2025 july 0 36 0 49 0 23 0 45 0 32 0 40 0 53 2025 aug 0 39 0 39 0 39 0 16 0 06 0 82 0 11 2025 sep 0 53 0 56 0 49 0 35 0 38 0 77 0 30 2025 oct 0 53 0 52 0 55 0 24 1 12 1 42 1 67 2025 nov 0 43 0 59 0 27 0 24 1 32 0 78 0 36 2025 dec 0 30 0 45 0 15 0 19 2 10 0 32 0 37 2026 jan 0 35 0 52 0 19 0 09 0 30 1 40 0 95 the full uah global temperature report along with the lt global gridpoint anomaly map for january 2026 and a more detailed analysis by john christy should be available within the next several days here the monthly anomalies for various regions for the four deep layers we monitor from satellites will be available in the next several days at the following locations lower troposphere mid troposphere tropopause lower stratosphere posted in blog article 1 911 comments march 2000 snowfalls are now just a thing of the past january 25th 2026 posted without comment the independent march 2000 snowfalls are now just a thing of the past posted in blog article 74 comments in unrelated news i m back into astrophotography january 19th 2026 i got sucked back in when i learned about the zwo asiair controller that simplifies some of the tasks that kept me from improving my telescope skills so the telescope just sat for several years but the learning curve was still pretty steep i now have an autofocuser a guide scope and camera and it took me forever to get the autoguiding to work which i had to make myself understand and use because my new telescope mount has a periodic error in the gears that makes little star streaks back and forth anyway after i practiced enough in my suburban moderately light polluted backyard with some pretty good results last night i took the rig out to a dark sky location on alabama s lake guntersville this is the result 4 25 hours of 5 minute images processed in pixinsight and stretched and color enhanced in adobe camera raw i was blown away click on it to do some pixel peeping posted in blog article 20 comments tropical tropospheric temperature trends 1979 2025 the epic climate model failure continues january 13th 2026 as a follow on to my recent post regarding global surface air temperature trends 1979 2025 and how they compare to climate models this is an update on a similar comparison for tropical tropospheric temperature trends courtesy of tabulations made by john christy it also represents an update to my popular epic fail blog post from 2013 as most of you know climate models suggest that the strongest warming response the climate system has to increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas ghg emissions mainly co2 from fossil fuel burning is in the tropical upper troposphere this produces the model anticipated tropical hotspot while the deep oceans represent the largest reservoir of heat energy storage in the climate system during warming that signal is exceedingly small hundredths of a degree c per decade and so its uncertainty is rather large from an observational standpoint in contrast the tropical upper troposphere has the largest temperature response in climate models up to 0 5 deg c per decade this shown in the following plot of the decadal temperature trends from 39 climate models red bars compared to observations gathered from radiosondes weather balloons satellites and global data reanalyses which use all kinds of available meteorological data the sonde trend bar in the above plot green is the average of 3 datasets radiosonde coverage of the tropics is very sparse the reanalysis trend black is from 2 datasets and the satellite trend blue is the average of 3 datasets out of all types of observational data only the satellite...