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view source for mainframe computer wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in view source for mainframe computer add languages article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file page information get shortened url switch to legacy parser in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide mainframe computer you do not have permission to edit this page for the following reason this ip address range has been globally blocked this does not affect your ability to read wikipedia pages most people who see this message have done nothing wrong some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong this block affects editing on all wikimedia wikis the ip address or range 5 135 0 0 16 has been globally blocked by jon kolbert for the following reason s open proxy webhost visit the faq if you are affected this block will expire on 04 29 8 january 2027 your current ip address is 5 135 42 194 even while globally blocked you will usually still be able to edit pages on meta wiki if you believe you were blocked by mistake you can find additional information and instructions in the stewards block wizard other useful links global blocks help i have been blocked you can view and copy the source of this page design more citations needed section date august 2026 modern mainframe design is characterized less by raw computational speed and more by redundant internal engineering resulting in high reliability and security extensive input output i o facilities with the ability to offload to separate engines strict backward compatibility with older software high hardware and computational utilization rates through virtualization to support massive throughput hot swapping of hardware such as processors and memory the high stability and reliability of mainframes enable these machines to run uninterrupted for very long periods of time with mean time between failures mtbf measured in decades mainframes have high availability one of the primary reasons for their longevity since they are typically used in applications where downtime would be costly or catastrophic high levels of reliability availability and serviceability ras is a defining characteristic of mainframe computers in addition mainframes are more secure than other computer types the national institute of standards and technology nist vulnerabilities database us cert rates traditional mainframes such as ibm z previously called z systems system z and zseries vague date june 2023 reason presumably that s ibm z machines running z os or z vse or z vm rather than running the linux later credited with thousands of vulnerabilities or is linux on z better than linux on x86 unisys dorado and unisys libra as among the most secure with vulnerabilities in the low single digits as compared to thousands for windows unix and linux ref cite web title national vulnerability database access date september 20 2011 url http nvd nist gov home cfm archive date september 25 2011 archive url https web archive org web 20110925095556 http nvd nist gov home cfm url status dead ref nonspecific date november 2025 software upgrades usually require setting up the operating system or portions thereof and are non disruptive only when using virtualization virtualizing facilities such as ibm z os and ibm parallel sysplex parallel sysplex or unisys xpcl which support workload sharing so that one system can take over another s application while it is being refreshed in the late 1950s mainframes had only a rudimentary interactive interface the console and used sets of punched card s punched tape paper tape or magnetic tape data storage magnetic tape to transfer data and programs they operated in batch processing batch mode to support back office functions such as payroll and customer billing most of which were based on repeated tape based merge sort sorting and merging operations followed by line printer line printing to preprinted continuous stationery when interactive user terminals were introduced they were used almost exclusively for applications e g computer reservations system airline booking rather than program development however in 1961 the first ref cite report last1 singh first1 jai p last2 morgan first2 robert p date october 1971 title educational computer utilization and computer communications url https files eric ed gov fulltext ed057575 pdf publisher washington university location st louis mo id national aeronautics and space administration grant no y ngl 26 008 054 page 13 access date march 8 2022 quote much of the early development in the time sharing field took place on university campuses sup 8 sup notable examples are the ctss compatible time sharing system at mit which was the first general purpose time sharing system ref academic general purpose timesharing system that supported software development ref cite web url http www bitsavers org pdf mit ctss ctss_programmersguide_dec69 pdf title the compatible time sharing system a programmer s guide editor last crisman editor first patricia a date december 31 1969 publisher the m i t computation center access date march 10 2022 ref compatible time sharing system ctss was released at massachusetts institute of technology mit on an ibm 709 later 7090 and 7094 ref name 50th cite web url https multicians org thvv compatible time sharing system pdf title compatible time sharing system 1961 1973 fiftieth anniversary commemorative overview editor last1 walden editor first1 david editor last2 van vleck editor first2 tom editor2 link tom van vleck date 2011 publisher ieee computer society access date february 20 2022 ref ibm 2741 typewriter and teletype corporation teletype devices were common control consoles for system operators through the early 1970s although ultimately supplanted by computer keyboard keyboard display device display devices by the early 1970s many mainframes acquired interactive user terminals ref group nb some had been introduced in the 1960s but their deployment became more common in the 1970s ref operating as timesharing computers supporting hundreds of users simultaneously along with batch processing users gained access through keyboard typewriter terminals and later character mode text ref group nb graphics terminals were available but tended to be restricted to niche applications ref computer terminal terminal cathode ray tube displays with integral keyboards or finally from personal computer s equipped with terminal emulation software by the 1980s many mainframes supported general purpose graphic display terminals and terminal emulation but not graphical user interfaces this form of end user computing became obsolete in the 1990s due to the advent of personal computers provided with graphical user interface s after 2000 modern mainframes partially or entirely phased out classic monochrome monitor green screen and color display terminal access for end users in favour of web style user interfaces the infrastructure requirements were drastically reduced during the mid 1990s when cmos mainframe designs replaced the older bipolar junction transistor bipolar technology ibm claimed that its newer mainframes reduced data center energy costs for power and cooling and reduced physical space requirements compared to server farm s ref cite web title get the facts on ibm vs the competition the facts about ibm system z mainframe publisher ibm access date december 28 2009 url http www 03 ibm com systems migratetoibm getthefacts mainframe html 4 archive url https web archive org web 20090211133418 http www 03 ibm com systems migratetoibm getthefacts mainframe html 4 url status dead archive date february 11 2009 ref return to mainframe computer retrieved from https en wikipedia org wiki mainframe_computer privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search view source for mainframe computer add languages add topic