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the (35), ajami (23), ref (22), and (14), name (13), for (9), #script (9), first (9), you (9), africa (8), this (8), view (7), written (7), journal (7), last (7), date (7), language (7), languages (6), wikipedia (6), from (6), title (6), url (6), https (5), west (5), was (5), cite (5), pages (5), blocked (5), edit (5), source (4), search (4), african (4), editor (4), songhay (4), century (4), arabic (4), nana (4), page (4), have (4), add (3), were (3), doi (3), com (3), access (3), file (3), asma (3), are (3), use (3), poetry (3), 2008 (3), issue (3), some (3), history (3), can (3), other (3), information (3), not (3), been (3), block (3), globally (3), address (3), read (3), hide (3), move (3), sidebar (3), tools (3), main (3), contact (2), about (2), wiki (2), scripts (2), likely (2), with (2), ngom (2), fallou (2), editor2 (2), volume (2), isbn (2), 978 (2), kanuri (2), tomb (2), inscriptions (2), modern (2), day (2), where (2), below (2), web (2), scispace (2), pdf (2), website (2), blockquote (2), ariyaw (2), kawkaw (2), fatima (2), poem (2), fulfulde (2), all (2), books (2), hausa (2), january (2), alphabet (2), www (2), 1515 (2), ijsl (2), 025 (2), issn (2), used (2), colonial (2), western (2), 2022 (2), writing (2), system (2), edu (2), islamic (2), among (2), specific (2), jula (2), still (2), john (2), hunwick (2), der (2), blocks (2), editing (2), recent (2), abuse (2), affect (2), who (2), that (2), believe (2), done (2), wrong (2), links (2), help (2), will (2), your (2), current (2), 135 (2), range (2), has (2), following (2), reason (2), appearance (2), upload (2), changes (2), article (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, privacy, policy, retrieved, org, ajami_script, return, between, 10th, 12th, centuries, originally, created, intent, promoting, islam, 2018, albaugh, ericka, luna, kathryn, literacies, oxford, scholarship, online, 1093, oso, 9780190657543, 001, 0001, 065754, old, shilha, taseelhit, medieval, berber, amazigh, oldest, surviving, usage, comes, 13th, niger, often, contained, individual, words, titles, names, like, example, word, highlighted, souag, lameen, 4snbju9lsp, 2025, hāđā, qabr, wazīr, muħammad, ẓammu, bin, būbakar, muhammad, praise, named, son, boubacar, kayna, bint, little, daughter, jpg, thumb, inna, asur, yasuran, asmaʼu, 1822, female, princess, poet, author, sokoto, caliphate, northern, nigeria, older, examples, notes, taken, scribes, margins, primarily, later, wolof, mandinke, would, full, vast, literary, traditions, emerging, pasch, helma, competing, introduction, roman, degruyter, document, html, international, sociology, 191, s2cid, 144394668, 0165, 2516, subscription, 17th, being, publish, religious, texts, fula, fulani, futa, jallon, region, guinea, middle, 18th, during, pre, period, qur, anic, schools, taught, muslim, children, extension, after, colonization, boko, latin, orthography, adopted, declined, popularity, anti, groups, movements, continued, callahan, molly, december, unearthing, long, ignored, one, researcher, finds, africans, articles, discovers, 2023, boston, university, revival, 19th, led, wave, works, remains, widespread, circles, but, exists, digraphia, broader, populace, ceremonially, purposes, such, local, herbal, preparations, dyula, last1, donaldson, first1, coleman, burkina, faso, grassroots, literacy, former, kong, empire, working, papers, educational, linguistics, october, 2013, repository, upenn, wpel, vol28, iss2, 1548, 3134, areas, ghana, seen, newspapers, advertisements, daily, life, citation, literature, writings, sudanic, comp, 2003, series, nahe, und, mittlere, osten, place, leiden, publisher, brill, 12444, copy, kinds, restrict, service, providers, telecom, companies, response, vandalism, sometimes, users, unrelated, review, assistance, anything, useful, global, mistake, find, additional, instructions, stewards, wizard, even, while, able, meta, usually, expire, 2027, 194, visit, affected, faq, open, proxy, webhost, jon, kolbert, affects, wikimedia, wikis, most, people, see, message, nothing, does, ability, permission, wikidata, item, projects, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, related, what, here, general, actions, english, talk, personal, special, community, portal, learn, contribute, random, events, contents, navigation, jump, content,

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view source for ajami script wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in view source for ajami script add languages article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file page information get shortened url switch to legacy parser in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide ajami script you do not have permission to edit this page for the following reason this ip address range has been globally blocked this does not affect your ability to read wikipedia pages most people who see this message have done nothing wrong some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong this block affects editing on all wikimedia wikis the ip address or range 5 135 0 0 16 has been globally blocked by jon kolbert for the following reason s open proxy webhost visit the faq if you are affected this block will expire on 04 29 8 january 2027 your current ip address is 5 135 42 194 even while globally blocked you will usually still be able to edit pages on meta wiki if you believe you were blocked by mistake you can find additional information and instructions in the stewards block wizard other useful links global blocks help i have been blocked you can view and copy the source of this page west africa african languages were first written in ajami scripts between the 10th and the 12th centuries ref name 0 it likely was originally created with the intent of promoting islam in west africa ref name 1 cite journal last ngom first fallou date 2018 02 15 editor last albaugh editor first ericka a editor2 last de luna editor2 first kathryn m title ajami literacies of west africa journal oxford scholarship online volume 1 doi 10 1093 oso 9780190657543 001 0001 isbn 978 0 19 065754 3 ref the first languages written in the script were likely old shilha language taseelhit or medieval berber languages amazigh kanuri language kanuri or songhay languages songhay ref name 0 the oldest surviving usage of ajami comes from 13th century tomb inscriptions in modern day niger where arabic inscriptions often contained individual songhay words in titles or names like in the example below where the songhay word is highlighted ref name 3 cite web last souag first lameen title ajami in west africa url https scispace com pdf ajami in west africa 4snbju9lsp pdf access date 2025 09 06 website scispace com ref blockquote hāđā al qabr al wazīr muħammad ariyaw ẓammu kawkaw bin būbakar this is the tomb of muhammad ariyaw praise named kawkaw son of boubacar fatima kayna bint little fatima daughter of blockquote file poem by nana asma u jpg thumb fa inna ma al asur yasuran a poem written in fulfulde ajami by nana asmaʼu nana asma u in 1822 nana asma u was a female princess poet and author from the sokoto caliphate modern day northern nigeria the older examples of ajami are all notes taken by scribes in the margins of books written primarily in arabic ref name 0 later fulfulde hausa wolof and mandinke would use the script with full books and poetry written in ajami and vast literary traditions emerging ref name 0 ref name 2 cite journal last pasch first helma date january 2008 title competing scripts the introduction of the roman alphabet in africa url https www degruyter com document doi 10 1515 ijsl 2008 025 html journal international journal of the sociology of language issue 191 pages 2 9 10 doi 10 1515 ijsl 2008 025 s2cid 144394668 issn 0165 2516 url access subscription ref by the 17th century the script was being used to publish religious texts and poetry ref name 2 fula language fulani poetry from the futa jallon region in guinea was written in ajami from the middle of the 18th century ref name 2 during the pre colonial period qur anic schools taught muslim children arabic and by extension ajami ref name 1 after western colonization a boko alphabet latin orthography for hausa was adopted and the ajami script declined in popularity ref name 2 some anti colonial groups and movements continued to use ajami ref cite web last callahan first molly date 21 december 2022 title unearthing a long ignored african writing system one researcher finds african history by africans url https www bu edu articles 2022 fallou ngom discovers ajami african writing system access date 2023 01 21 website boston university language en ref an islamic revival in the 19th century led to a wave of ajami written works ref name 0 ajami remains in widespread use among islamic circles ref name 2 but exists in digraphia among the broader populace ajami is used ceremonially and for specific purposes such as for local herbal preparations in the dyula language jula language ref cite journal last1 donaldson first1 coleman title jula ajami in burkina faso a grassroots literacy in the former kong empire journal working papers in educational linguistics date 1 october 2013 volume 28 issue 2 pages 19 36 url https repository upenn edu wpel vol28 iss2 2 issn 1548 3134 ref in some areas of ghana ajami is still seen in newspapers advertisements and daily life ref citation title arabic literature of africa 4 the writings of western sudanic africa comp by john o hunwick date 2003 issue 13 4 editor last hunwick editor first john o series der nahe und der mittlere osten place leiden publisher brill isbn 978 90 04 12444 8 ref return to ajami script retrieved from https en wikipedia org wiki ajami_script privacy policy about 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