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Text of the page (random words):
tedly stated that impact factor is a metric for journals and should not be used to assess individual researchers or institutions ref name seglen bmj cite journal vauthors seglen po title why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research journal bmj volume 314 issue 7079 pages 498 502 date february 1997 pmid 9056804 pmc 2126010 doi 10 1136 bmj 314 7079 497 ref ref cite web title ease statement on inappropriate use of impact factors website european association of science editors date november 2007 access date 2013 04 13 url http www ease org uk publications impact factor statement archive date 14 august 2012 archive url https web archive org web 20120814150306 http www ease org uk publications impact factor statement ref ref cite report vauthors wilsdon j allen l belfiore e campbell p curry s hill s jones r kain r kerridge s thelwall m tinkler j display authors 6 date july 2015 title the metric tide report of the independent review of the role of metrics in research assessment and management doi 10 13140 rg 2 1 4929 1363 ref questionable editorial policies that affect the impact factor see also conflicts of interest in academic publishing cois of journals because impact factor is commonly accepted as a proxy for research quality some journals adopt editorial policies and practices some acceptable and some of dubious purpose to increase their impact factor ref cite news title the number that s devouring science newspaper the chronicle of higher education vauthors monastersky r date 14 october 2005 url http chronicle com free v52 i08 08a01201 htm ref ref cite journal title nefarious numbers vauthors arnold dn fowler kk author link1 douglas n arnold year 2011 journal notices of the american mathematical society volume 58 issue 3 pages 434 437 arxiv 1010 0278 bibcode 2010arxiv1010 0278a ref for example journals may publish a larger percentage of review article s which generally are cited more than research reports ref name garfield cite web title the clarivate impact factor website clarivate date 20 june 1994 url https clarivate com essays impact factor ref research undertaken in 2020 on dentistry journals concluded that the publication of systematic reviews have significant effect on the journal impact factor while papers publishing clinical trials bear no influence on this factor greater yearly average of published papers means a higher impact factor ref cite journal vauthors valderrama p escabias m valderrama mj jiménez contreras e baca p title influential variables in the journal impact factor of dentistry journals journal heliyon volume 6 issue 3 article number e03575 date march 2020 pmid 32211547 pmc 7082530 doi 10 1016 j heliyon 2020 e03575 doi access free bibcode 2020heliy 603575v ref journals may also attempt to limit the number of citable items i e the denominator of the impact factor equation either by declining to publish articles that are unlikely to be cited such as case reports in medical journals or by altering articles e g by not allowing an abstract summary abstract or bibliography in hopes that journal citation reports will not deem it a citable item as a result of negotiations over whether items are citable impact factor variations of more than 300 have been observed ref name plos editorial cite journal title the impact factor game it is time to find a better way to assess the scientific literature journal plos medicine volume 3 issue 6 article number e291 date june 2006 pmid 16749869 pmc 1475651 doi 10 1371 journal pmed 0030291 author the plos medicine editors italics in accept this as written markup produce corrupt metadata doi access free ref items considered to be uncitable and thus are not incorporated in impact factor calculations can if cited still enter into the numerator part of the equation despite the ease with which such citations could be excluded this effect is hard to evaluate for the distinction between editorial comment and short original articles is not always obvious for example letters to the editor may be part of either class another less insidious tactic journals employ is to publish a large portion of its papers or at least the papers expected to be highly cited early in the calendar year this gives those papers more time to gather citations several methods not necessarily with nefarious intent exist for a journal to cite articles in the same journal which will increase the journal s impact factor ref cite journal vauthors agrawal aa title corruption of journal impact factors journal trends in ecology evolution volume 20 issue 4 page 157 date april 2005 pmid 16701362 doi 10 1016 j tree 2005 02 002 bibcode 2005tecoe 20 157a url https www eeb cornell edu agrawal research papers other 20pdfs agrawal 202005 20tree 20corruption pdf archive url https web archive org web 20100619084714 http www eeb cornell edu agrawal research papers other 20pdfs agrawal 202005 20tree 20corruption pdf archive date 2010 06 19 ref ref name pmid12139549 cite journal vauthors fassoulaki a papilas k paraskeva a patris k title impact factor bias and proposed adjustments for its determination journal acta anaesthesiologica scandinavica volume 46 issue 7 pages 902 5 date august 2002 pmid 12139549 doi 10 1034 j 1399 6576 2002 460723 x s2cid 20805963 ref beyond editorial policies that may skew the impact factor journals can take overt steps to game the system for example in 2007 the specialist journal folia phoniatrica et logopaedica with an impact factor of 0 66 published an editorial that cited all its articles from 2005 to 2006 in a protest against the absurd scientific situation in some countries related to use of the impact factor ref cite journal vauthors schutte hk svec jg title reaction of folia phoniatrica et logopaedica on the current trend of impact factor measures journal folia phoniatrica et logopaedica volume 59 issue 6 pages 281 5 year 2007 pmid 17965570 doi 10 1159 000108334 s2cid 7595296 ref the large number of citations meant that the impact factor for that journal increased to 1 44 as a result of the increase the journal was not included in the 2008 and 2009 journal citation reports ref cite web url http admin apps isiknowledge com jcr static_html notices notices htm archive url https web archive org web 20100515192042 http admin apps isiknowledge com jcr static_html notices notices htm archive date 2010 05 15 title journal citation reports notices access date 2009 09 24 ref coercive citation is a practice in which an editor forces an author to add extraneous citations to an article before the journal will agree to publish it in order to inflate the journal s impact factor ref cite journal vauthors mcleod s date 2020 09 25 title should authors cite sources suggested by peer reviewers six antidotes for handling potentially coercive reviewer citation suggestions journal learned publishing volume 34 issue 2 pages 282 286 doi 10 1002 leap 1335 doi access free s2cid 225004022 issn 0953 1513 ref a survey published in 2012 indicates that coercive citation has been experienced by one in five researchers working in economics sociology psychology and multiple business disciplines and it is more common in business and in journals with a lower impact factor ref cite journal vauthors wilhite aw fong ea title scientific publications coercive citation in academic publishing journal science volume 335 issue 6068 pages 542 3 date february 2012 pmid 22301307 doi 10 1126 science 1212540 s2cid 30073305 bibcode 2012sci 335 542w ref editors of leading business journals banded together to disavow the practice ref cite journal vauthors lynch jg title business journals combat coercive citation journal science volume 335 issue 6073 pages 1169 1 1169 date march 2012 pmid 22403371 doi 10 1126 science 335 6073 1169 a bibcode 2012sci 335 1169l ref however cases of coercive citation have occasionally been reported for other disciplines ref cite journal vauthors dyer c title widow can be inseminated with husband s sperm journal bmj volume 314 issue 7079 page 461 date february 1997 pmid 9056791 pmc 2125988 doi 10 1136 bmj 314 7079 461d ref assumed correlation between impact factor and quality the journal impact factor was originally designed by eugene garfield as a metric to help librarians make decisions about which journals were worth indexing as the jif aggregates the number of citations to articles published in each journal since then the jif has become associated as a mark of journal quality and gained widespread use for evaluation of research and researchers instead even at the institutional level it thus has significant impact on steering research practices and behaviors ref name curry 2018 ref name lariviere 2018 cite arxiv title the journal impact factor a brief history critique and discussion of adverse effects eprint 1801 08992 vauthors gargouri y hajjem c lariviere v gingras y carr l brody t harnad s year 2018 class cs dl ref ref cite journal vauthors al hoorie a vitta jp year 2019 title the seven sins of l2 research a review of 30 journals statistical quality and their citescore sjr snip jcr impact factors journal language teaching research volume 23 issue 6 pages 727 744 doi 10 1177 1362168818767191 s2cid 149857357 ref by 2010 national and international research funding institutions were already starting to point out that numerical indicators such as the jif should not be considered as a measure of quality notetag cite press release url https www dfg de en service press press_releases 2010 pressemitteilung_nr_07 title quality not quantity dfg adopts rules to counter the flood of publications in research id dfg press release no 7 publisher deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft german research foundation date 2010 in fact research was indicating that the jif is a highly manipulated metric ref name falagas 2008 cite journal vauthors falagas me alexiou vg title the top ten in journal impact factor manipulation journal archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis volume 56 issue 4 pages 223 6 year 2008 pmid 18661263 doi 10 1007 s00005 008 0024 5 s2cid 7482376 ref ref name tort 2012 cite journal vauthors tort ab targino zh amaral ob title rising publication delays inflate journal impact factors journal plos one volume 7 issue 12 article number e53374 year 2012 pmid 23300920 pmc 3534064 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0053374 bibcode 2012ploso 753374t doi access free ref ref name fong 2017 cite journal vauthors fong ea wilhite aw title authorship and citation manipulation in academic research journal plos one volume 12 issue 12 article number e0187394 year 2017 pmid 29211744 pmc 5718422 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0187394 bibcode 2017ploso 1287394f doi access free ref and the justification for its continued widespread use beyond its original narrow purpose seems due to its simplicity easily calculable and comparable number rather than any actual relationship to research quality ref name adler 2008 cite journal vauthors adler r ewing j taylor p title citation statistics a report from the international mathematical union imu in cooperation with the international council of industrial and applied mathematics iciam and the institute of mathematical statistics ims journal statistical science date 2009 volume 24 issue 1 pages 1 14 doi 10 1214 09 sts285 url https www mathunion org fileadmin imu report citationstatistics pdf arxiv 0910 3529 jstor 20697661 s2cid 219477 issn 0883 4237 ref ref name brembs 2018 cite journal vauthors brembs b title prestigious science journals struggle to reach even average reliability journal frontiers in human neuroscience volume 12 article number 37 year 2018 pmid 29515380 pmc 5826185 doi 10 3389 fnhum 2018 00037 doi access free ref ref name lariviere 2009 cite arxiv title the impact factor s matthew effect a natural experiment in bibliometrics eprint 0908 3177 vauthors gargouri y hajjem c lariviere v gingras y carr l brody t harnad s year 2009 class physics soc ph ref empirical evidence shows that the misuse of the jif and journal ranking metrics in general has a number of negative consequences for the scholarly communication system these include gaps between the reach of a journal and the quality of its individual papers ref name brembs_2013 cite journal last1 brembs first1 björn last2 button first2 katherine last3 munafò first3 marcus date 2013 06 24 title deep impact unintended consequences of journal rank journal frontiers media frontiers in human neuroscience volume 7 page 291 arxiv 1301 3748 bibcode 2013arxiv1301 3748b doi 10 3389 fnhum 2013 00291 issn 1662 5161 pmc 3690355 pmid 23805088 doi access free ref and insufficient coverage of social sciences and humanities as well as research outputs from across latin america africa and south east asia ref cite journal last1 severin first1 anna last2 strinzel first2 michaela last3 egger first3 matthias last4 barros first4 tiago last5 sokolov first5 alexander last6 mouatt first6 julia vilstrup last7 müller first7 stefan date 2023 08 29 editor last dirnagl editor first ulrich title relationship between journal impact factor and the thoroughness and helpfulness of peer reviews journal plos biology language en volume 21 issue 8 article number e3002238 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 3002238 issn 1544 9173 eissn 1545 7885 lccn 2003212293 oclc 1039259630 pmc 10464996 pmid 37643173 doi access free ref additional drawbacks include the marginalization of research in vernacular language s and on locally relevant topics and inducement to unethical authorship and citation practices more generally the impact factor fosters a reputation economy where scientific success is based on publishing in prestigious journals ahead of actual research qualities such as rigorous methods replicability and social impact ref cite journal last zantout first zaher last2 azad first2 asm sohel last3 gleason first3 kimberly last4 de castro first4 vicente bicudo last5 smith first5 deborah date 2026 04 01 title has scientific progress in accounting slowed down url https www sciencedirect com science article pii s1815566925000785 journal journal of contemporary accounting economics volume 22 issue 1 pages 100531 doi 10 1016 j jcae 2025 100531 issn 1815 5669 ref using journal prestige and the jif to cultivate a competition regime in academia has been shown to have deleterious effects on research quality ref name vessuri 2014 cite journal last1 vessuri first1 hebe last2 guédon first2 jean claude last3 cetto first3 ana maría date september 2014 title excellence or quality impact of the current competition regime on science and scientific publishing in latin america and its implications for development url https journals sagepub com doi 10 1177 0011392113512839 journal current sociology language en volume 62 issue 5 pages 647 665 doi 10 1177 0011392113512839 issn 0011 3921 eissn 1461 7064 s2cid 25166127 via sage publishing ref a number of regional and international initiatives are now providing and suggesting alternative research assessment systems including key documents ...