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Text of the page (random words):
ges ref cite book url https books google com books id _uhvua428fcc pg pa269 title non arabic semitic elements in the arabic dialects of eastern arabia work clive holes pages 270 279 year 2002 isbn 9783447044912 last1 jastrow first1 otto publisher otto harrassowitz verlag ref ref name per cite book url https books google com books id bjljakh7 ric pg pr29 title dialect culture and society in eastern arabia glossary work clive holes year 2001 pages xxix xxx isbn 9004107630 last1 holes first1 clive publisher brill ref in bahrain bahrani is more typical of the mostly shia and mostly rural area rural baharna who make up the older population group of bahrain and it exists alongside gulf arabic which is mostly spoken by sunni islam sunni arabs who started arriving in the late 18th century the gulf arabic of the sunni arabs who are concentrated in the cities of bahrain and importantly include the house of khalifa royal family became the prestige sociolinguistics prestige language of the country leading to baharna arabic becoming influenced by it ref name 1 cite book last bassiouney first reem title arabic sociolinguistics year 2009 publisher edinburgh university press location edinburgh pages 105 107 chapter 5 ref the persian language has debatably had the most foreign linguistic influence on all bahraini dialects ref https books google com books id bjljakh7 ric pg pr30 dialect culture and society in eastern arabia glossary clive holes 2001 page xxx isbn 90 04 10763 0 ref the differences between bahrani arabic and other bahraini dialects suggest differing historical origins the main differences between bahrani and non bahrani dialects are evident in certain grammatical forms and pronunciation most of the vocabulary however is shared between dialects or is distinctly bahraini arising from a shared modern history ref name 1 examples of words borrowed from other languages bānkeh ceiling fan from hindi paṅkhā पंखा or persian language persian pankeh fa پنکه پنکه ref name tajer cite book last al tajer first mahdi abdulla url https books google com books id bns9aaaaiaaj q bahrain village persian name pg pa134 title language linguistic origins in bahrain publisher taylor francis year 1982 isbn 9780710300249 pages 134 135 ref rp page 137 notetag common in various indo iranian languages said to have roots in sanskrit soumān equipment from urdu sāmān سامان jūtī shoe from hindi or urdu jūta ur جوتا جوتا ref name tajer rp page 134 laytar lighter from english language english darīšeh window from persian language persian darīčeh fa دریچه دریچه ref cite web date 2008 01 15 title persian dareesha دریچه url https forum wordreference com threads persian dareesha d8 af d8 b1 db 8c da 86 d9 87 791359 access date 2024 09 19 website wordreference forums language en ref ref cite web title دریچه معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس url https abadis ir fatofa d8 af d8 b1 db 8c da 86 d9 87 access date 2024 09 19 website abadis ir ref notetag dareecheh means small door or trap door or vent in turkish they say pancere panjereh like persian but darecheh is exclusively a loanword from persian meaning little door doušag mattress from persian language persian došak fa دوشک دوشک orradi already from english language english layt light from english language english like gulf arabic bahrani arabic has borrowed some vocabulary from persian language persian urdu ottoman turkish language ottoman turkish and more recently from english language english features researcher clive holes divided the sedentary dialects of the gulf to two types type a which includes the dialects of sunni tribes that settled in eastern arabia between the 17th and 19th century and huwala ethnic group the huwala this group includes the standard gulf arabic gulf arabic dialects of kuwait qatar bahrain and uae type b which includes the dialects of omani ibadis and eastern arabian shia the baharna bahrani arabic called baḥrānī by its speakers shares many features with surrounding type a dialects e g kuwait uae qatar some general features classical arabic q becomes g ɢ for example gamar moon k in some dialects mostly around a ali and dʒ in the dialects of ras rumman classical arabic ð becomes d for example danab tail q and ð is preserved for some classical arabic borrowings for example ðulqaʕdah dhu al qa dah affrication of k to tʃ in many words for example tʃalb dog θ has the free variant f and in some dialects t for example falāfeh or talāteh three dʒ becomes j in some rural dialects for example yiḥḥeh watermelon usage of š suffix ʃ as a feminine second person pronoun akin to masculine k for example babiš your door phonology class wikitable style text align center bahrani arabic consonants ref name 0 cite book last1 al tajir first1 mahdi abdalla title language and linguistic origins in baḥrain the baḥārnah dialect of arabic date 1982 publisher k paul international location london isbn 0 7103 0024 7 ref colspan 2 rowspan 2 rowspan 2 labial consonant labial rowspan 2 dental consonant dental colspan 2 denti alveolar consonant denti alveolar colspan 2 alveolar consonant alveolar rowspan 2 palatal consonant palatal rowspan 2 velar consonant velar rowspan 2 uvular consonant uvular rowspan 2 pharyngeal consonant pharyngeal rowspan 2 glottal consonant glottal style font size 80 plain emphatic consonant emphatic plain emphatic consonant emphatic colspan 2 nasal stop nasal ipa link m ipa link n rowspan 2 plosive style font size 80 voiceless consonant voiceless ipa link t̪ t ipa link tˤ ipa link tʃ ipa link k ipa link q ipa link ʔ style font size 80 voiced consonant voiced ipa link b ipa link d̪ d ipa link dˤ ipa link dʒ colspan 2 ipa link ɡ voiced uvular plosive ɢ rowspan 2 fricative style font size 80 voiceless consonant voiceless ipa link f ipa link θ ipa link s̪ s ipa link sˤ ipa link ʃ ipa link x ipa link ħ ipa link h style font size 80 voiced consonant voiced ipa link ð ipa link z̪ z ipa link ɣ ipa link ʕ colspan 2 tap and flap consonants tap voiced alveolar tap or flap ɾ colspan 2 approximant ipa link l ipa link j ipa link w class wikitable style text align center bahrani arabic vowels ref name 0 front vowel front back vowel back align center close vowel close ipa link i ipa link iː ipa link u ipa link uː mid vowel mid ipa link e ipa link eː ipa link o ipa link oː align center open vowel open ipa link a ipa link aː ipa link ɑ ipa link ɑː see also varieties of arabic peninsular arabic notes reflist group note references reflist further reading mahdi abdalla al tajir 1983 https books google com books id bns9aaaaiaaj language and linguistic origins in bahrain the bahrani dialect of arabic isbn 0 7103 0024 7 clive holes 1983 bahraini dialects sectarian differences and the sedentary nomadic split zeitschrift für arabische linguistik 10 7 38 clive holes 1987 https books google com books id keyoaaaaqaaj language variation and change in a modernising arab state the case of bahrain isbn 0 7103 0244 4 clive holes 2001 https books google com books id bjljakh7 ric dialect culture and society in eastern arabia glossary isbn 90 04 10763 0 clive holes https books google com books id fbwn2nx6jnic pg pa52 dialect and national identity the cultural politics of self representation in bahraini musalsalat in paul dresch and james piscatori eds monarchies and nations globalisation and identity in the arab states of the gulf london i b tauris 2005 p 60 external links incubator code abv http www travelphrases info languages arabic baharnaspoken htm baharna arabic travel phrases https web archive org web 20060927155023 http arabworld nitle org texts php module_id 1 reading_id 113 sequence 1 dialects of the arabian peninsula varieties of arabic languages of bahrain languages of oman languages of saudi arabia authority control category languages of saudi arabia category languages of bahrain category languages of oman category mashriqi arabic category peninsular arabic pages transcluded onto the current version of this page help template arabic language edit template authority control view source template editor protected template cite book view source fully protected template cite web view source fully protected template closed access view source template editor protected template delink view source fully protected template distinguish view source template editor protected template endangered languages project view source template editor protected template ethnologue25 view source semi protected template fix view source fully protected template fix category view source fully protected template glottolink view source template editor protected template hlist styles css view source fully protected template ipa link view source extended confirmed protected template isbn view source template editor protected template icon view source template editor protected template if empty view source fully protected template image reference needed edit template imagefact edit template incubator view source semi protected template infobox view source template 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protected template pagetype view source fully protected template plainlist styles css view source fully protected template portal view source fully protected template r superscript view source template editor protected template r where view source template editor protected template rp view source semi protected template reference page view source template editor protected template reflist view source fully protected template reflist styles css view source fully protected template round view source template editor protected template sdcat view source fully protected template short description view source fully protected template short description lowercasecheck view source fully protected template side box view source template editor protected template sigfig view source template editor protected template significant figures view source template editor protected template significant figures rnd view source template editor protected template sister project view source template editor protected template sister project styles css view source template editor protected template str index view source template editor protected template str len view source template editor protected template template other view source fully protected template varieties of arabic edit template wrap view source template editor protected module arguments view source fully protected module authority control view source template editor protected module authority control config view source template editor protected module cs1 identifiers view source template editor protected module category handler view source fully protected module category handler blacklist view source fully protected module category handler config view source fully protected module category handler data view source fully protected module category handler shared view source fully protected module check for conflicting parameters view source template editor protected module check for unknown parameters view source fully protected module citation cs1 view source fully protected module citation cs1 coins view source fully protected module citation cs1 configuration view source fully protected module citation cs1 date validation view source fully protected module citation cs1 identifiers view source fully protected module citation cs1 utilities view source fully protected module citation cs1 whitelist view source fully protected module citation cs1 styles css view source fully protected module delink view source fully protected module disambiguation templates view source fully protected module distinguish view source template editor protected module endangered languages project view source template editor protected module exponential search view source template editor protected module format link view source template editor protected module hatnote view source template editor protected module hatnote styles css view source template editor protected module hatnote list view source template editor protected module ipa symbol view source extended confirmed protected module ipa symbol data view source extended confirmed protected module icon view source template editor protected module icon data view source template editor protected module if empty view source fully protected module infobox view source template editor protected module infobox styles css view source template editor protected module infoboximage view source fully protected module infoboximage data view source fully protected module lang view source template editor protected module lang iso 639 synonyms view source template editor protected module lang configuration view source template editor protected module lang data view source template editor protected module lang data iana languages view source template editor protected module lang data iana regions view source template editor protected module lang data iana scripts view source template editor protected module lang data iana suppressed scripts view source template editor protected module lang data iana variants view source template editor protected module lang data is latn data view source template editor protected module location map view source template editor protected module math view source fully protected module namespace detect config view source fully protected module namespace detect data view source fully protected module navbar view source fully protected module navbar configuration view source fully protected module navbar styles css view source fully protected module navbox view source template editor protected module navbox configuration view source template editor protected module navbox styles css view source template editor protected module pagetype view source fully protected module pagetype config view source fully protected module pagetype disambiguation view source fully protected module pagetype rfd view source fully protected module pagetype setindex view source fully protected module pagetype softredirect view 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