Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

view, source, for, causes, of, world, war,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (1407), and (560), war (395), ref (285), that (201), world (200), first (199), was (196), date (182), view (180), cite (175), #source (172), template (172), title (171), protected (162), https (155), for (136), 1914 (135), editor (129), germany (125), url (122), journal (120), last (117), books (111), book (106), german (101), publisher (99), isbn (97), year (89), module (88), archive (88), france (84), pages (82), 978 (82), russia (79), org (75), com (75), with (73), austria (69), its (67), fully (65), last1 (62), first1 (62), volume (58), hungary (56), from (55), history (54), web (53), google (53), were (53), empire (52), russian (51), issue (50), britain (50), needed (49), doi (49), may (49), citation (48), page (48), origins (48), had (48), www (48), italy (47), europe (47), not (47), crisis (46), french (45), 2025 (45), military (44), serbia (44), which (43), british (42), press (42), but (41), name (40), access (40), would (40), into (39), clark (39), power (38), great (38), policy (36), international (36), new (36), european (35), entente (35), alliance (35), all (35), other (34), online (34), july (33), between (33), 2013 (33), link (32), details (32), italian (32), powers (31), 1918 (30), author (30), foreign (30), ottoman (29), after (28), have (28), university (28), also (27), main (27), imperial (27), balkan (27), 1912 (27), they (26), been (26), right (26), anglo (26), 2015 (26), cambridge (26), wars (26), causes (25), sfnp (25), one (25), style (24), this (24), before (24), jstor (24), race (24), triple (24), diplomatic (23), their (23), 2014 (23), naval (23), text (23), align (23), balkans (22), against (22), who (22), over (22), historian (22), kingdom (21), since (21), however (21), macmillan (21), file (20), relations (20), 1911 (20), von (20), expansion (20), social (20), historiography (19), long (19), two (19), among (19), historians (19), austro (19), london (19), thumb (18), states (18), arms (18), politics (18), during (18), some (18), more (18), serbian (18), last2 (18), first2 (18), peace (18), there (18), century (18), 1913 (18), 000 (18), encyclopedia (17), security (17), location (17), years (17), john (17), march (17), data (16), political (16), fischer (16), army (16), major (16), government (16), christopher (16), 2004 (16), richard (16), conflict (15), such (15), economic (15), colonial (15), still (15), june (15), status (15), hungarian (15), berlin (15), ferguson (15), http (15), htm (15), styles (14), css (14), blockquote (14), united (14), entry (14), made (14), 2017 (14), only (14), both (14), outbreak (14), michael (14), chapter (14), documents (14), hamilton (14), end (14), africa (14), mobilization (14), about (13), magazine (13), began (13), many (13), balance (13), free (13), could (13), historical (13), than (13), system (13), when (13), bismarck (13), treaty (13), williamson (13), navy (13), morocco (13), 2007 (13), david (13), william (13), territories (13), support (13), 2021 (13), plans (13), holger (13), lang (12), 1917 (12), ended (12), territorial (12), important (12), role (12), nations (12), aims (12), became (12), review (12), agadir (12), mulligan (12), modern (12), lenin (12), herwig (12), webarchive (11), short (11), see (11), map (11), imperialism (11), assassination (11), has (11), nationalists (11), article (11), his (11), because (11), independent (11), mode (11), most (11), three (11), overseas (11), 1907 (11), isolation (11), 521 (11), austrian (11), might (11), any (11), darwinism (11), category (10), leading (10), allies (10), april (10), million (10), factors (10), are (10), 1984 (10), 2307 (10), franz (10), routledge (10), jpg (10), live (10), august (10), national (10), franco (10), turkish (10), general (10), even (10), strong (10), american (10), pre (10), leaders (10), went (10), taylor (10), struggle (10), germans (10), september (10), state (10), italians (10), global (10), vol (10), editor1 (10), editor2 (10), cs1 (9), sfn (9), edit (9), debate (9), can (9), fritz (9), public (9), place (9), those (9), believe (9), argued (9), york (9), 2022 (9), financial (9), later (9), how (9), studies (9), capital (9), 1870 (9), english (9), 1904 (9), led (9), diplomacy (9), study (9), 1999 (9), argues (9), did (9), margaret (9), part (9), george (9), empires (9), russians (9), 1997 (9), paul (9), schroeder (9), orig (9), you (9), search (8), legend (8), events (8), bulgaria (8), following (8), offensive (8), hdl (8), inevitable (8), decisions (8), ferdinand (8), series (8), martin (8), time (8), black (8), hand (8), forces (8), interests (8), them (8), 135 (8), opposed (8), thus (8), strategic (8), 1871 (8), gooch (8), defeat (8), 2000 (8), opinion (8), 2016 (8), itself (8), increased (8), north (8), james (8), ernet (8), dli (8), 2up (8), out (8), center (8), sanders (8), wrote (8), order (8), 2018 (8), 19th (8), while (8), sleepwalkers (8), east (8), 1916 (8), recent (8), dreadnought (8), mombauer (8), net (8), sidebar (7), pagetype (7), excerpt (7), news (7), 1915 (7), october (7), countries (7), scholars (7), term (7), came (7), summer (7), serb (7), supported (7), cause (7), changes (7), registration (7), changed (7), caused (7), serbs (7), bosnia (7), seen (7), each (7), now (7), well (7), eastern (7), ally (7), rise (7), 1898 (7), consequences (7), terms (7), therefore (7), 2011 (7), 1848 (7), second (7), affairs (7), alfred (7), rather (7), moroccan (7), use (7), 1972 (7), royal (7), agreed (7), home (7), through (7), 1991 (7), liman (7), firstworldwar (7), polish (7), lands (7), large (7), primary (7), language (7), html (7), 1945 (7), marxists (7), eds (7), annika (7), wikipedia (6), side (6), list (6), refbegin (6), further (6), joined (6), png (6), revolution (6), november (6), nationalism (6), cult (6), jack (6), robert (6), under (6), bosnian (6), nationalist (6), 2006 (6), included (6), left (6), suggested (6), winnipeg (6), herzegovina (6), secret (6), especially (6), described (6), people (6), antagonism (6), divided (6), fight (6), response (6), influence (6), contemporary (6), publishing (6), towards (6), without (6), 1908 (6), known (6), based (6), next (6), force (6), samuel (6), agreements (6), strachan (6), hew (6), impact (6), importance (6), official (6), grey (6), 1905 (6), class (6), rivalries (6), sought (6), agreement (6), house (6), western (6), early (6), italo (6), clear (6), way (6), although (6), then (6), action (6), should (6), ethnic (6), fried (6), 1967 (6), mibac (6), called (6), future (6), culture (6), natural (6), another (6), space (6), country (6), works (6), imp (6), hsc (6), blocked (6), 54530 (6), sean (6), project (5), configuration (5), navbox (5), iana (5), hatnote (5), handler (5), shared (5), refend (5), greater (5), help (5), none (5), central (5), started (5), conflicts (5), direct (5), why (5), competition (5), 2027 (5), focus (5), statesmen (5), archduke (5), decades (5), high (5), 1983 (5), 312 (5), consensus (5), will (5), result (5), work (5), 2020 (5), men (5), concluded (5), theory (5), dual (5), reinsurance (5), alignment (5), caprivi (5), approach (5), straits (5), middle (5), 1080 (5), decision (5), vienna (5), need (5), revolutionary (5), unification (5), desire (5), sentiment (5), mark (5), 1093 (5), cordiale (5), efforts (5), limited (5), 1933 (5), niall (5), 324 (5), own (5), office (5), edward (5), 1878 (5), pro (5), january (5), sidney (5), fay (5), liberal (5), lloyd (5), encouraged (5), colonies (5), tension (5), armaments (5), libya (5), failed (5), territory (5), slavs (5), albania (5), guerre (5), gains (5), frontier (5), kaiser (5), done (5), fear (5), challenged (5), few (5), youtube (5), 1177 (5), prior (5), battle (5), expected (5), persia (5), eve (5), wargelin (5), poland (5), habsburg (5), 2012 (5), 120 (5), sense (5), upon (5), like (5), und (5), edition (5), 2003 (5), stavrianos (5), closure (5), thesis (5), heffernan (5), clash (5), weltpolitik (5), baghdad (5), basic (5), sterling (5), necessary (5), moltke (5), p524 (5), random (5), declared (5), stevenson (5), fisher (5), mcmeekin (5), bbc (5), responsibility (5), scholarly (5), 1111 (5), add (4), sister (4), config (4), overlay (4), footnotes (4), contrast (4), semi (4), reflist (4), where (4), nbsp (4), panther (4), joining (4), remained (4), neutral (4), alliances (4), dead (4), start (4), growth (4), 2538637 (4), planning (4), fall (4), seeking (4), analysis (4), whether (4), belgium (4), taking (4), lieven (4), key (4), archives (4), become (4), division (4), having (4), driven (4), actors (4), played (4), avenge (4), tribune (4), recognized (4), group (4), five (4), society (4), 129 (4), 140 (4), challenge (4), viewed (4), 1887 (4), relatively (4), reason (4), millions (4), discussed (4), nation (4), present (4), nothing (4), every (4), formed (4), image (4), 1882 (4), otto (4), 1890 (4), signed (4), victory (4), development (4), claimed (4), strategy (4), ashgate (4), despite (4), very (4), question (4), longer (4), failure (4), good (4), move (4), paris (4), eventually (4), helped (4), demanded (4), back (4), 2010 (4), old (4), lorraine (4), established (4), continental (4), population (4), felt (4), hewitson (4), 115 (4), 462 (4), 570 (4), ehr (4), factor (4), ambassador (4), détente (4), keiger (4), minister (4), penguin (4), spender (4), fifty (4), stokes (4), 1st (4), far (4), she (4), fact (4), strengthening (4), 1906 (4), congress (4), slavic (4), troops (4), 2nd (4), inside (4), cabinet (4), party (4), imperialist (4), 1017 (4), secretary (4), attack (4), african (4), kemal (4), together (4), what (4), stated (4), launched (4), across (4), 242 (4), took (4), south (4), conference (4), down (4), decided (4), ultimatum (4), bulgarian (4), quickly (4), 147 (4), moving (4), possible (4), mission (4), trade (4), sea (4), position (4), website (4), crises (4), late (4), telegraph (4), wilhelm (4), wanted (4), mediation (4), levy (4), making (4), monarchy (4), once (4), 1993 (4), principal (4), galicia (4), law (4), controversy (4), parties (4), democratic (4), believed (4), around (4), land (4), movement (4), 1861 (4), borders (4), trentino (4), alto (4), adige (4), irredentism (4), php (4), export (4), guerra (4), 2009 (4), single (4), speaking (4), 1919 (4), mussolini (4), gain (4), used (4), her (4), grand (4), traditional (4), harpercollins (4), 219922 (4), just (4), gww (4), identity (4), tended (4), information (4), 2002 (4), destined (4), 1958 (4), academic (4), asia (4), doom (4), growing (4), case (4), stage (4), capitalism (4), races (4), ideas (4), road (4), border (4), alan (4), reserves (4), editor3 (4), mobilisation (4), guilt (4), 1928 (4), coming (4), essays (4), bradshaw (4), lowe (4), dockrill (4), mirage (4), alistairlexden (4), gerhard (4), ritter (4), 1903 (4), near (4), languages (3), utilities (3), box (3), navbar (3), navigation (3), 639 (3), icon (3), commons (3), color (3), description (3), sms (3), fix (3), 1901 (3), current (3), historiographical (3), svg (3), alignments (3), ottomans (3), hostilities (3), moreover (3), civil (3), considered (3), sets (3), complex (3), created (3), decline (3), often (3), dispute (3), perceived (3), dilemma (3), snyder (3), 151 (3), 175 (3), instead (3), immediate (3), generals (3), henig (3), 134 (3), ultimately (3), intent (3), belief (3), partly (3), due (3), third (3), tensions (3), these (3), particularly (3), deliberately (3), planned (3), largely (3), significant (3), wrong (3), turn (3), connor (3), bang (3), trial (3), 117 (3), four (3), ministers (3), berchtold (3), act (3), must (3), independen79v80newy (3), 1up (3), chaos (3), added (3), situation (3), survival (3), concerned (3), unexpected (3), theater (3), thought (3), essential (3), 1879 (3), league (3), emperors (3), 205 (3), allowed (3), russo (3), prussian (3), friedrich (3), ensure (3), neutrality (3), prevent (3), hall (3), petersburg (3), expanded (3), change (3), same (3), prompted (3), throughout (3), refused (3), appeared (3), successfully (3), showing (3), alsace (3), powerful (3), annexation (3), revenge (3), 1988 (3), achieved (3), tried (3), anti (3), strength (3), smaller (3), 1890s (3), secure (3), convention (3), formation (3), feel (3), delcassé (3), isolated (3), rivals (3), notably (3), too (3), words (3), arthur (3), nicolson (3), threat (3), toward (3), make (3), mind (3), lose (3), beginning (3), weakened (3), turned (3), pact (3), received (3), rule (3), provinces (3), actions (3), aggressive (3), threatening (3), region (3), control (3), protectorate (3), resulted (3), internal (3), radical (3), interventionists (3), churchill (3), protect (3), able (3), admiral (3), tirpitz (3), oclc (3), mustafa (3), defeated (3), acquisition (3), duke (3), mdp (3), whose (3), tripoli (3), away (3), southeastern (3), nearly (3), much (3), otherwise (3), avoid (3), create (3), montenegro (3), council (3), chance (3), pressure (3), strike (3), december (3), within (3), conclusion (3), mobilize (3), front (3), defensive (3), example (3), equally (3), broke (3), watch (3), otte (3), less (3), half (3), ports (3), influential (3), argument (3), february (3), collapse (3), again (3), deeply (3), serve (3), useful (3), regarded (3), karl (3), drivers (3), 1910 (3), death (3), marvin (3), beyond (3), leadership (3), detailed (3), according (3), aim (3), 760 (3), dominated (3), expense (3), matter (3), suggest (3), problem (3), true (3), full (3), deep (3), associated (3), stability (3), wing (3), famously (3), patriotic (3), chief (3), 1909 (3), neiberg (3), counterfactuals (3), princeton (3), enough (3), palgrave (3), gabriele (3), annunzio (3), dalmatia (3), intervention (3), independence (3), quattro (3), per (3), 20th (3), irredentist (3), antonio (3), incorporated (3), generally (3), luigi (3), federzoni (3), former (3), join (3), opportunity (3), populated (3), thayer (3), occupation (3), freemasonry (3), adopted (3), creation (3), including (3), idea (3), rivalry (3), 1885 (3), macedonia (3), belgrade (3), put (3), 1900 (3), mackinder (3), fin (3), siècle (3), peter (3), frederick (3), writing (3), vacher (3), lapouge (3), 1995 (3), warfare (3), ratzel (3), 268 (3), 1962 (3), directions (3), era (3), building (3), along (3), memoirs (3), leonard (3), decisive (3), life (3), capitalist (3), special (3), 2023 (3), markets (3), 2001 (3), bankers (3), evidence (3), ever (3), staff (3), marks (3), threatened (3), fittest (3), justified (3), 8129 (3), 9470 (3), jennifer (3), jones (3), keene (3), kramer (3), combined (3), points (3), 1897 (3), assumed (3), herrmann (3), disarmament (3), arbitration (3), advantage (3), 1086 (3), goals (3), harvard (3), 674 (3), take (3), kitchener (3), begin (3), begun (3), partial (3), blamed (3), calamity (3), joachim (3), remak (3), continues (3), 30em (3), sources (3), ssoar (3), info (3), pdf (3), martel (3), gordon (3), arno (3), amazon (3), 1981 (3), kennedy (3), cedric (3), 155 (3), histoire (3), politique (3), links (3), block (3), globally (3), address (3), read (3), hide (3), tools (3), topic (2), conduct (2), contact (2), wiki (2), yesno (2), wpships (2), logo (2), sdcat (2), disambiguation (2), namespace (2), detect (2), scripts (2), whitelist (2), anchor (2), delink (2), identifiers (2), unknown (2), arguments (2), spaces (2), seiner (2), notelist (2), groups (2), ratio (2), media (2), cbignore (2), 350px (2), shortly (2), participants (2), declaration (2), allied (2), remains (2), debated (2), various (2), militarism (2), include (2), van (2), evera (2), stephen (2), 2538636 (2), policies (2), 2010183 (2), 108 (2), 146 (2), 167 (2), 214 (2), 2009958 (2), 2538961 (2), deeper (2), gavrilo (2), princip (2), organization (2), ruth (2), escalated (2), play (2), speed (2), communications (2), followed (2), clashes (2), republic (2), dominic (2), russiaoriginsoff0000liev (2), 69611 (2), emphasis (2), set (2), circumstances (2), principally (2), risks (2), traditionally (2), murder (2), immediately (2), ability (2), assassins (2), newspaperarchive (2), browse (2), jun (2), heir (2), wife (2), 9781389913839 (2), sarajevo (2), publications (2), chapel (2), hill (2), 142 (2), casus (2), emperor (2), soon (2), likely (2), crown (2), city (2), independent19140810 (2), taken (2), resulting (2), others (2), enmity (2), enemies (2), corps (2), practice (2), whom (2), shall (2), thing (2), month (2), knew (2), understand (2), competing (2), common (2), realignment (2), green (2), 125 (2), 150 (2), secured (2), means (2), fell (2), declining (2), count (2), chancellor (2), personal (2), logical (2), research (2), companion (2), matthew (2), sacrifice (2), provision (2), armageddon (2), lacking (2), getting (2), accept (2), encourage (2), engage (2), understanding (2), until (2), progress (2), 211 (2), ties (2), asked (2), precipitate (2), 250px (2), cartoon (2), results (2), won (2), legacy (2), revanchism (2), losses (2), ambitions (2), 1923 (2), recovered (2), reassessment (2), wilhelmine (2), 606 (2), hard (2), realized (2), isolate (2), successful (2), informal (2), reconsidered (2), théophile (2), mastery (2), 1954 (2), 345 (2), 1936 (2), 1900s (2), reaction (2), assertive (2), buildup (2), 2005 (2), argue (2), provide (2), diplomat (2), baron (2), unfriendly (2), overtures (2), pose (2), twofold (2), improving (2), channeled (2), intensified (2), hostility (2), 159 (2), compared (2), course (2), found (2), governments (2), content (2), hinsley (2), 1977 (2), britishforeignpo0000unse (2), heightened (2), reinforced (2), success (2), strengthened (2), spain (2), battleship (2), administered (2), pan (2), provoking (2), fears (2), pushed (2), compete (2), interior (2), port (2), 438 (2), today (2), backing (2), 1930 (2), isolationists (2), obtained (2), radicals (2), winston (2), mansion (2), speech (2), keith (2), northern (2), concentrate (2), mediterranean (2), waters (2), fleet (2), meanwhile (2), raymond (2), sontag (2), tragic (2), prelude (2), seems (2), comic (2), england (2), impetus (2), 503351 (2), 2024 (2), atatürk (2), officer (2), derna (2), tripolitania (2), vilayet (2), captured (2), province (2), wish (2), paved (2), conquest (2), geographical (2), peninsula (2), lost (2), union (2), kept (2), initially (2), comply (2), demonstration (2), withdrawal (2), backed (2), met (2), preparations (2), complied (2), get (2), responded (2), addition (2), increasing (2), damage (2), leopold (2), learned (2), integrity (2), occur (2), send (2), warning (2), day (2), visit (2), japanese (2), 2010224 (2), inception (2), event (2), limits (2), character (2), warned (2), provoke (2), interest (2), months (2), trigger (2), ompprnyrzs4 (2), agrees (2), significantly (2), embolden (2), message (2), saying (2), wages (2), descent (2), constantinople (2), objections (2), complained (2), hostile (2), possibility (2), anatolia (2), arrangement (2), senior (2), bio (2), provided (2), halt (2), suddenly (2), cut (2), iran (2), india (2), daily (2), implied (2), decade (2), asquith (2), operation (2), max (2), acted (2), waiting (2), given (2), domestic (2), linguistic (2), annexed (2), 758 (2), escalate (2), belligerent (2), agree (2), specific (2), hoped (2), develop (2), furious (2), officials (2), goal (2), hungarians (2), strongly (2), cisleithania (2), option (2), 121 (2), reasons (2), strengthen (2), galician (2), ukrainians (2), dynasty (2), aristocratic (2), counterbalancing (2), defend (2), perspective (2), amid (2), scene (2), imminent (2), small (2), passed (2), widely (2), education (2), welfare (2), existence (2), always (2), journalist (2), kraus (2), desperate (2), feared (2), external (2), norton (2), 393 (2), indeed (2), leader (2), desirable (2), conservative (2), 309 (2), authors (2), disastrous (2), lengthy (2), propaganda (2), nazi (2), destroyed (2), socialists (2), certain (2), 1789 (2), renewed (2), 399 (2), libia (2), bologna (2), promised (2), julian (2), snežnik (2), plateau (2), yugoslavia (2), südtirol (2), entered (2), unity (2), fourth (2), piacenzaprimogenita150 (2), index (2), 2f176 (2), 2fil (2), lindipendenza (2), indipendenza (2), latter (2), beniculturali (2), sito (2), contenuti (2), mibacunif (2), eventi (2), visualizza_asset (2), html_1239896580 (2), italiani (2), 22quarta (2), italia (2), piergiovanni (2), genovesi (2), almost (2), whole (2), irredent (2), historically (2), yet (2), usually (2), aimed (2), precisely (2), theme (2), 1920 (2), scottà (2), firmly (2), context (2), maintain (2), awaited (2), garibaldi (2), services (2), warn (2), 1866 (2), necessity (2), blood (2), multiref10 (2), violence (2), 253 (2), negotiations (2), london1915 (2), giolitti (2), numbers (2), institutions (2), 1982 (2), presence (2), members (2), universal (2), peaceful (2), achieve (2), dreams (2), piedmont (2), monopoly (2), constructing (2), rowman (2), littlefield (2), 1453 (2), 394 (2), forever (2), already (2), kosovo (2), pupin (2), head (2), simultaneously (2), impossible (2), halford (2), reached (2), kearns (2), gerry (2), hobson (2), theories (2), geography (2), twentieth (2), closed (2), turner (2), 226 (2), kang (2), youwei (2), georges (2), proceed (2), our (2), 174 (2), clarke (2), come (2), 1899 (2), 491 (2), steinmetz (2), entanglements (2), similar (2), explanations (2), carr (2), outlet (2), waged (2), peoples (2), conditions (2), 114 (2), reves (2), collision (2), remaining (2), centuries (2), charles (2), thereby (2), consolidation (2), herz (2), interdependent (2), affected (2), effectiveness (2), seemed (2), human (2), planetary (2), standing (2), hour (2), arose (2), boom (2), big (2), aggression (2), overy (2), drive (2), 1870s (2), 1931 (2), 713 (2), opportunism (2), form (2), unintended (2), consequence (2), either (2), options (2), 1884 (2), colonization (2), assertiveness (2), reinforcing (2), introduction (2), patterns (2), threats (2), civilization (2), learning (2), railway (2), persian (2), globalsecurity (2), signatories (2), effect (2), being (2), mowat (2), characterized (2), features (2), developed (2), industrial (2), share (2), themselves (2), completed (2), ch07 (2), colonized (2), ch06 (2), largest (2), areas (2), appetite (2), primarily (2), ch08 (2), views (2), currency (2), expanding (2), investment (2), standard (2), commercial (2), industrialists (2), material (2), money (2), profits (2), brought (2), disruption (2), weapons (2), saw (2), prewar (2), never (2), mobilise (2), concerns (2), economy (2), 316 (2), 61235 (2), intellectuals (2), weikart (2), 2710024 (2), gave (2), moral (2), cultural (2), wide (2), schubert (2), discourse (2), strategies (2), justice (2), instrument (2), better (2), stronger (2), 4039 (2), carried (2), initiative (2), leslie (2), policymakers (2), archiv (2), für (2), geschichte (2), troop (2), dispositions (2), scale (2), brose (2), eric (2), heather (2), armament (2), conscription (2), systems (2), rail (2), complexity (2), regular (2), additional (2), 2019 (2), publication (2), quote (2), raising (2), service (2), typically (2), 204 (2), arguing (2), meaning (2), hague (2), held (2), nicholas (2), measures (2), 1902 (2), massive (2), ships (2), hms (2), ross (2), misinterpreted (2), lambert (2), colspan (2), dreadnoughts (2), tonnage (2), total (2), period (2), intense (2), 623 (2), armed (2), sides (2), joffre (2), holding (2), timetable (2), belligerents (2), arming (2), equipment (2), schedules (2), 1969 (2), invasion (2), west (2), prussia (2), plan (2), lrb (2), v35 (2), n16 (2), solely (2), responsible (2), blame (2), bid (2), 320 (2), multiple (2), interpretations (2), 26048324 (2), reich (2), notes (2), afflerbach (2), handle (2), purpose (2), 034622 (2), 538 (2), 666 (2), ceu139 (2), 757 (2), reading (2), borrow (2), coverage (2), harry (2), elmer (2), barnes (2), revisionist (2), 1927 (2), carroll (2), malcolm (2), prentice (2), 1938 (2), overview (2), 6snyqfcyiyg (2), evans (2), gilpin (2), chapters (2), 187 (2), alexander (2), aehrenthal (2), 287 (2), questia (2), library (2), 117734903 (2), hillgruber (2), andreas (2), joll (2), 317 (2), belleten (2), 687 (2), 1979 (2), vlib (2), wwi (2), resources (2), texts (2), t040831c (2), simon31 (2), narod (2), eng (2), 0345375564 (2), mayer (2), belknap (2), sites (2), files (2), lord_lexden_ (2), _july_crisis (2), 1970 (2), oxford (2), berghahnbooks (2), cornelissenwriting (2), catastrophe (2), 30036938 (2), bloomsbury (2), 439 (2), cgi (2), non (2), 17104 (2), 1611 (2), vasquez (2), unavoidable (2), gary (2), showalter (2), dennis (2), cairn (2), revue (2), 429 (2), 2538909 (2), query (2), creator (2), revelations (2), harold (2), temperley (2), testing (2), rapprochment (2), negotiation (2), 269 (2), 330 (2), pbs (2), greatwar (2), hist_stone_01_russia (2), blocks (2), editing (2), abuse (2), affect (2), your (2), range (2), appearance (2), upload (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, privacy, retrieved, causes_of_world_war_i, return, wikitext, parsing, wikitextparser, wpmilhist, infobox, unsubst, unicode, tabletools, tnt, string2, string, separated, entries, sst, registry, redirect, softredirect, setindex, rfd, latn, variants, suppressed, regions, iso, synonyms, labelled, format, templates, colors, validation, coins, check, parameters

Text of the page (random words):
in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide causes of world war i you do not have permission to edit this page for the following reason this ip address range has been globally blocked this does not affect your ability to read wikipedia pages most people who see this message have done nothing wrong some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong this block affects editing on all wikimedia wikis the ip address or range 5 135 0 0 16 has been globally blocked by jon kolbert for the following reason s open proxy webhost visit the faq if you are affected this block will expire on 04 29 8 january 2027 your current ip address is 5 135 42 194 even while globally blocked you will usually still be able to edit pages on meta wiki if you believe you were blocked by mistake you can find additional information and instructions in the stewards block wizard other useful links global blocks help i have been blocked you can view and copy the source of this page short description none for the historiographical debate about this topic historiography of the causes of world war i file wwichartx svg 350px thumb european diplomatic alignments shortly before the war the ottomans joined the central powers shortly after the war started with bulgaria joining the following year italy remained neutral in 1914 and joined the allies of world war i allies in 1915 file world war i alliances png thumb 350x350px map of the world with participants in world war i after united states declaration of war on germany 1917 u s entry 6 april 1917 but before the october revolution 7 november 1917 legend 2166ac allies of world war i allied powers entente legend fd8d3c central powers legend bdbdbd neutral countries events leading to world war i identifying the causes of world war i remains a debated issue world war nbsp i began in the balkans on 28 nbsp july 1914 and hostilities armistice of 11 november 1918 ended on 11 november 1918 leaving world war i casualties 17 million dead and 25 million wounded moreover the russian civil war can in many ways be considered a continuation of world war nbsp i as can various other conflicts in the direct aftermath of 1918 scholars looking at the long term seek to explain why two rival sets of powers the german empire austria hungary and the ottoman empire against the russian empire france and the british empire came into conflict by the start of 1914 they look at such factors as political territorial and economic competition militarism a complex web of alliances and alignments imperialism the growth of nationalism and the power vacuum created by the decline of the ottoman empire other important long term or structural factors that are often studied include unresolved territorial dispute s the perceived breakdown of the european balance of power international relations balance of power ref name 4 cite journal last van evera first stephen title the cult of the offensive and the origins of the first world war journal international security date summer 1984 volume 9 issue 1 pages 58 107 jstor 2538636 doi 10 2307 2538636 ref ref cite book last fischer first fritz title war of illusions german policies from 1911 to 1914 url https books google com books id owzoaaaamaaj pg pa69 year 1975 publisher chatto and windus page 69 isbn 978 0 3930 5480 4 ref convoluted and fragmented governance arms race s and security dilemma s ref cite journal last snyder first glenn h date 1984 title the security dilemma in alliance politics journal world politics volume 36 issue 4 pages 461 495 doi 10 2307 2010183 jstor 2010183 ref ref name 12 a cult of the offensive ref name 4 ref cite journal last snyder first jack date 1984 title civil military relations and the cult of the offensive 1914 and 1984 journal international security volume 9 issue 1 pages 108 146 doi 10 2307 2538637 jstor 2538637 ref ref name 12 cite journal last jervis first robert date 1978 title cooperation under the security dilemma journal world politics volume 30 issue 2 pages 167 214 doi 10 2307 2009958 jstor 2009958 hdl access free hdl 2027 uc1 31158011478350 ref and military planning ref cite journal last sagan first scott d title 1914 revisited allies offense and instability journal international security date fall 1986 volume 11 issue 2 pages 151 175 jstor 2538961 doi 10 2307 2538961 ref scholars seeking short term analysis focus on the summer of 1914 and ask whether the conflict could have been stopped or instead whether deeper causes made it inevitable among the immediate causes were the decisions made by statesmen and generals during the july crisis which was triggered by the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand of austria by the bosnian serb nationalist gavrilo princip who had been supported by a nationalist organization in kingdom of serbia serbia ref name henig2006 cite book last henig first ruth author link ruth henig baroness henig title the origins of the first world war url https books google com books id 67itflwcsqqc year 2006 publisher routledge isbn 978 1 134 85200 0 ref the crisis escalated as the conflict between austria hungary and serbia was joined by their allies russia germany france and ultimately belgium and the united kingdom other factors that came into play during the diplomatic crisis leading up to the war included misperceptions of intent such as the german belief that the uk would remain neutral the fatalistic belief that war was inevitable and the speed with which the crisis escalated partly due to delays and misunderstandings in diplomatic communications the crisis followed a series of diplomatic clashes among the great powers kingdom of italy italy french third republic france german empire germany british empire britain austria hungary and russian empire russia over european and colonialism colonial issues in the decades before 1914 that had left tensions high the cause of these public clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in europe that had been taking place since 1867 ref cite book last lieven first d c b author link dominic lieven title russia and the origins of the first world war url https archive org details russiaoriginsoff0000liev url access registration year 1983 publisher st martin s press isbn 978 0 312 69611 5 ref consensus on the origins of the war historiography of the causes of world war i remains elusive since historians disagree on key factors and place differing emphasis on a variety of factors that is compounded by historical revisionism historical arguments changing over time particularly as classified historical archives become available and as perspectives and ideologies of historians have changed the deepest division among historians is between those who see germany and austria hungary as having driven events and those who focus on power dynamics among a wider set of actors and circumstances secondary fault lines exist between those who believe that germany deliberately planned a european war those who believe that the war was largely unplanned but was still caused principally by germany and austria hungary taking risks and those who believe that some or all of the other powers russia france serbia the uk played a more significant role in causing the war than has been traditionally suggested immediate causes assassination of archduke franz ferdinand by serbian nationalists 28 june 1914 main assassination of archduke franz ferdinand file 19140629 austria will avenge murder the winnipeg tribune compacted view jpg thumb right upright 2 0 grave implications of the assassination were immediately recognized as in this 29 june article with subtitles war sequel and war may result and stating the assassination was engineered by persons having a more mature organizing ability than that of the youthful assassins ref name winnipegtrib_19140629 cite news date 29 june 1914 title austria will avenge murder page 1 work the winnipeg tribune url https newspaperarchive com browse ca mb winnipeg winnipeg tribune 1914 jun 29 p 1 archive date 11 july 2020 access date 10 july 2020 archive url https web archive org web 20200711074533 https newspaperarchive com browse ca mb winnipeg winnipeg tribune 1914 jun 29 p 1 url status live ref on 28 june 1914 archduke franz ferdinand the heir presumptive to the austro hungarian throne and his wife sophie duchess of hohenberg were shot dead after a wrong turn ref cite book last martin first connor title bang europe at war year 2017 isbn 9781389913839 location united kingdom pages 20 ref in sarajevo by gavrilo princip one of a group of six assassins five serbs and one bosniak co ordinated by danilo ilić a serbs of bosnia and herzegovina bosnian serb and a member of the black hand serbia black hand secret society ref cite book last owings first w a dolph title the sarajevo trial publisher documentary publications location chapel hill nc year 1984 isbn 0897121228 url access registration url https archive org details sarajevotrial0000prin pages 117 118 129 131 140 142 ref the assassination was significant because it was perceived by austria hungary as an existential challenge and so was viewed as providing a casus belli with serbia franz joseph i of austria emperor franz josef was eighty four and so the assassination of his heir so soon before he was likely to hand over the crown was seen as a direct challenge to the empire many ministers in austria especially berchtold argued that the act must be avenged ref cite book last martin first connor title bang europe at war year 2017 isbn 9781389913839 location united kingdom pages 23 ref july crisis excerpt july crisis only paragraph paragraphs 3 5 this the following is polarization of europe 1887 1914 in august 1914 the independent new york city the independent magazine described the assassination of franz ferdinand and his wife in june as a deplorable but relatively insignificant reason for which ref name independent19140810 cite magazine date 1914 08 10 title the forces behind the conflict url https archive org details independen79v80newy page n201 mode 1up magazine the independent page 196 access date 2022 05 17 ref blockquote the financial system of the world is in chaos that international commerce is suspended that industries are everywhere demoralized and families ruined and that millions of men in europe have taken up arms with the intent to slaughter each other it may be doubted whether the archduke is worth all this carnage the magazine added it discussed and dismissed ethnicity race religion and national interests as motivations for war the independent concluded that such is the ridiculous and tragical situation resulting from the survival of the antiquated superstition of the balance of power international relations balance of power that is the theory that the prosperity of one nation was an injury to others r independent19140810 blockquote most of the people concerned in the present conflict have neither racial antagonism nor economic interests as an excuse for enmity they are no more enemies than the red team reds and the blues into which an army corps is divided for practice maneuvers but now the guns are loaded and those who bear them have nothing to say about whom they shall shoot the only unexpected thing about the present european war is the date of it the magazine added later that month ref name independent19140817 cite magazine date 1914 08 17 title anglo german antagonism url https archive org details independen79v80newy page n234 mode 1up view theater magazine the independent pages 229 230 access date 2022 05 17 ref blockquote no war in history has been so long anticipated so carefully prepared for and so thoroughly discussed not only in the privy councils but in the press of all nations every european soldier knew where his uniform and rifle were stored he also thought he knew as well where he was to fight with whom he was to fight and when to understand the long term origins of the war in 1914 it is essential to understand how the powers formed into two competing sets that shared common aims and enemies both sets became by august 1914 germany and austria hungary on one side and russia france and britain on the other side citation needed date may 2025 german realignment to austria hungary and russian realignment to france 1887 1892 main dual alliance 1879 franco russian alliance overlay legend image map of bismarcks alliances en svg width 400 height 238 float right grid no legend1title map of bismarck s alliances overlay1 dual alliance 1879 overlay1colour green overlay1left 125 overlay1top 80 overlay2 league of the three emperors league of the three emperors 1881 overlay2colour orange overlay2left 205 overlay2top 95 overlay3 triple alliance 1882 overlay3colour saddlebrown overlay3left 150 overlay3top 135 overlay4 reinsurance treaty reinsurance treaty 1887 overlay4colour blue overlay4left 225 overlay4top 45 in 1887 german and russian alignment was secured by means of a secret reinsurance treaty arranged by otto von bismarck however in 1890 bismarck fell from power and the treaty was allowed to lapse in favor of the dual alliance 1879 between germany and austria hungary signed in response to rising russian influence in the balkans after its victory over the declining ottoman empire in the russo turkish war of 1877 78 that development was attributed to count leo von caprivi the prussian general who replaced bismarck as chancellor it is claimed that caprivi recognized a personal inability to manage the european system as his predecessor had and so was counseled by contemporary figures such as friedrich von holstein to follow a more logical approach as opposed to bismarck s complex and even duplicitous strategy ref name 0 cite book title the ashgate research companion to imperial germany last jefferies first matthew publisher ashgate publishing year 2015 isbn 9781409435518 location oxon pages 355 ref thus the treaty with austria hungary was concluded despite the russian willingness to amend the reinsurance treaty and to sacrifice a provision referred to as the very secret additions ref name 0 that concerned the turkish straits ref cite journal last macfie first a l date 1983 title the straits question in the first world war 1914 18 jstor 4282922 journal middle eastern studies volume 19 issue 1 pages 43 74 doi 10 1080 00263208308700533 ref caprivi s decision was also driven by the belief that the reinsurance treaty was no longer needed to ensure russian neutrality if france attacked germany and the treaty would even preclude an offensive against france ref name 1 cite book title the failure to prevent world war i the unexpected armageddon last gardner first hall publisher ashgate publishing year 2015 isbn 9781472430564 location burlington vt pages 86 88 ref...