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Text of the page (random words):
age br ù align center braille cell type image br â 1 braille cell type image br ê 2 braille cell type image br î 3 braille cell type image br ô 4 braille cell type image br û 5 braille cell type image br ë 6 braille cell type image br ï 7 braille cell type image br ü 8 braille cell type image br œ ö 9 braille cell type image w br w for the purposes of accommodating a foreign alphabet the letters ì ä ò may be added class wikitable style line height 1 2 align center braille cell type image ì br ì braille cell type image ä br æ ä braille cell type image ò br ò there are also numerous contractions and abbreviations in french braille punctuation punctuation is as follows class wikitable style line height 1 2 align center braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br full stop br braille cell type image br br small subscript small braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br br align center braille cell type image br br efn the space in numbers between thousands braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br br braille cell type image br efn also marks the end of a verse br braille cell type image br efn used to mark a footnote or endnote br the lower values are readings within numbers after the antoine number marker see below formatting and mode formatting and mode changing marks are class wikitable style line height 1 2 braille cell type image br capitals br braille cell type image br emphasis br braille cell type image br br start braille cell type image br br end braille cell type image br super br script braille cell type image br symbol br braille cell type image br currency br braille cell type image br traditional br number braille cell type image br antoine br number as in english braille the capital sign is doubled for all caps angle bracket bc and angle bracket bc are used to begin and end emphasis within a word the symbol marker combines with a following initial letter to produce the following bc bc bc bc bc bc bc bc the currency marker combines with a following initial for bc bc bc bc it is also used in comic strips bc speech bubble bc thought bubble numbers the traditional system of digits is to add the number sign bc in front of the letters of the first decade a j with bc being angle bracket 1 and bc being angle bracket 0 this is the internationally recognized number system however in french braille a new system the antoine braille digits is used for mathematics and is recommended for all academic publications this uses bc combined with the first nine letters of the fourth decade from bc for angle bracket 1 to bc for angle bracket 9 with the preceding bc for angle bracket 0 the period decimal and fraction bar also change the antoine numbers are being promoted in france and luxembourgish braille luxembourg but are not much used with french braille in quebec class wikitable french braille digits align center colspan 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 traditional braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image antoine braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image see the punctuation section above for antoine mathematical notation history file early_french_braille png thumb upright 0 6 a page from an undated early braille textbook showing both readings with additional readings not included in loomis it is captioned écritare à l usage des aveugles procédé de l braille professeur à l institut n sup l sup des j sup nes sup aveugles for the early history of braille including obsolete characters 1829 braille readings have changed slightly since modern braille was first published in 1837 the greatest change has been various secondary readings which were added to the alphabet and then abandoned class wikitable historical readings in loomis 1942 dec rowspan 6 nbsp colspan 10 numeric sequence rowspan 6 nbsp colspan 2 supp align center bc type image 0 br br bc type image a br a br 1 bc type image b br b br 2 bc type image c br c br 3 bc type image d br d br 4 bc type image e br e br 5 bc type image f br f br 6 bc type image g br g br 7 bc type image h br h br 8 bc type image i br i br 9 bc type image j br j br 0 bc type image accent br br bc type image 45 br br align center bc type image apostrophe br br bc type image k br k br bc type image l br l br bc type image m br m br bc type image n br n br bc type image o br o br bc type image p br p br bc type image q br q br bc type image r br r br bc type image s br s br bc type image t br t br bc type image st br ì br ian bc type image ä br æ br ien align center bc type image hyphen br br bc type image u br u br bc type image v br v br bc type image x br x br bc type image y br y br bc type image z br z br bc type image ç br ç br oin bc type image é br é br bc type image à br à br bc type image è br è br bc type image ù br ù br ieu bc type image ò br ò br ion bc type image number br sc num br align center bc type image capital br br bc type image â br â br an bc type image ê br ê br in bc type image î br î br on bc type image ô br ô br un bc type image û br û br eu bc type image ë br ë br ou bc type image ï br ï br oi bc type image ü br ü br ch bc type image ö br œ br gn bc type image w br w br i ll bc type image decimal br sc cap br bc type image cursive br sc ital br align center bc type image comma br br bc type image semicolon br br bc type image colon br br bc type image period br br bc type image en br br bc type image br br bc type image br br bc type image hh br br bc type image asterisk br br bc type image jj br br bc type image 5 br br bc type image correction br br similar alphabets anchor similar alphabets in general only the assignments of the basic 26 letters of the french alphabet are retained in other braille alphabets for example among the additional letters in german braille only ü and ö coincide with french braille however there are several alphabets which are much more closely related italian braille is identical to the french apart from doubling up french braille ò to italian ó and ò since french has no ó indeed a principal difference of these alphabets is the remapping of french vowels with a grave accent à è ì ò ù to an acute accent á é í ó ú as the french alphabet does not support acute accents apart from é spanish braille spanish changes all five of these vowels as well as taking ü portuguese braille is also very similar to the french though the shift of grave to acute accents necessitated a chain of other changes such as circumflex to grave and the portuguese tildes were taken from french diaereses portuguese ã õ for french ä ö œ the continental scandinavian languages took the extended french letters â for å ä æ and ö ø vietnamese braille is also quite similar though it has added tone letters and uses french bc z for d which is pronounced like z class wikitable related alphabets align center braille braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image braille cell type image w braille cell type image ì braille cell type image ä braille cell type image ò align center french ç é à è ù â ê î ô û ë ï ü œ ö w ì æ ä ò align center portuguese braille portuguese ç é à è ù â ê í ô ú á ï ü õ ò w ì ã ó align center catalan braille catalan ç é à è ú ï ü ó w í ò align center spanish braille spanish galician á é ú ñ ü w í ó align center italian braille italian é à è ù ó w ì ò align center luxembourgish braille luxembourgish old é ë w ä align center scandinavian braille scandinavian efn swedish danish norwegian and finnish å ö ø w ä æ align center vietnamese braille vietnamese efn name v vietnamese à è ì ò ù are written as a tone letter plus a e i o u efn name v â ê ô ư ơ efn name v ă efn name v braille patterns align center catalan braille adds bc l 5 l for print angle bracket l l and spanish braille uses bc french ï for the non french consonant ñ luxembourgish braille has since switch to eight point braille adding a dot at point 8 for the three vowels with accents punctuation and formatting are in general similar as well though changes in french punctuation over time means that some languages use older french conventions for example french parentheses and quotation marks originally had the opposite values they do today values which remain in english braille other changes have accrued over time and in some cases vary from country to country for example italian braille uses the old french quotation marks bc hh jj and asterisk bc in but also shifted the old french parentheses bc gg gg to brackets and innovated bc en in for parentheses in addition it uses point 3 bc 3 for both apostrophe and full stop period file moon prayer jpg thumb a sample of moon type in various languages including french moon type is a simplification of the latin alphabet for embossing an adaptation of french reading blind people has been proposed notes notelist references reflist sources refbegin cite book archive url https web archive org web 20121004220932 http www avh asso fr rubriques infos_braille dwnld cbfu_edition_internationale pdf archive date 2012 10 04 url http www avh asso fr rubriques infos_braille dwnld cbfu_edition_internationale pdf title code braille français uniformisé pour la transcription des textes imprimés cbfu edition 2nd year 2008 cite book archive url https web archive org web 20071028014341 http www inja fr pages infos pages cnea actu_ed_adaptee commissions brl99 pdf css 1 url http www inja fr pages infos pages cnea actu_ed_adaptee commissions brl99 pdf css 1 title code de transcription en braille des textes imprimes archive date 2007 10 28 author commission evolution du braille français date september 1999 edition 2nd cite book first m s last loomis year 1942 title the braille reference book cite book first pierre last henri year 1952 title la vie et l œvre de louis braille publisher puf giaa location paris refend braille category french ordered braille alphabets category french language pages transcluded onto the current version of this page help template ambox view source template editor protected template anchor view source template editor protected template angle bracket view source template editor protected template bc edit template braille view source semi protected template braille cell view source semi protected template braille cell core view source semi protected template braille cell core styles css view source semi protected template braille cell dot id2character view source semi protected template braille cell dot id2filename view source semi protected template braille cell dot id2unicode id view source semi protected template braille cell english cell2dot id view source semi protected template braille cell lang2lang id view source semi protected template braille cell main view source semi protected template braille cell main2 view source semi protected template braille cell styles css edit template cite book view source fully protected template efn view source template editor protected template engvar view source template editor protected template expand french view source template editor protected template expand language view source template editor protected template for view source template editor protected template hidden view source template editor protected template hidden begin view source template editor protected template hidden begin styles css view source template editor protected template hidden end view source template editor protected template hlist styles css view source fully protected template iso 15924 code view source template editor protected template ifsubst view source template editor protected template infobox writing system view source semi protected template longitem view source template editor protected template main other view source fully protected template mw lang view source template editor protected template nbsp view source fully protected template no footnotes view source template editor protected template notelist view source template editor protected template nowrap view source fully protected template pad view source template editor protected template pagetype view source fully protected template para view source template editor protected template parameter view source template editor protected template refbegin view source template editor protected template refbegin styles css view source template editor protected template refend view source template editor protected template reflist view source fully protected template reflist styles css view source fully protected template sdcat view source fully protected template sc view source template editor protected template short description view source fully protected template short description lowercasecheck view source fully protected template smallcaps view source template editor protected template smallcaps styles css view source template editor protected template spaces view source fully protected template trim view source fully protected template wikidata sitelink view source template editor protected template yesno view source fully protected template yesno no view source template editor protected module anchor view source template editor protected module arguments view source fully protected module category handler view source fully protected module category handler blacklist view source fully protected module category handler config view source fully protected module category handler data view source fully protected module category handler shared view source fully protected module check for unknown parameters view source fully protected module citation cs1 view source fully protected module citation cs1 coins view source fully protected module citation cs1 configuration view source fully protected module citation cs1 date validation view source fully protected module citation cs1 identifiers view source fully protected module citation cs1 utilities view source fully protected module citation cs1 whitelist view source fully protected module citation cs1 styles css view source fully protected module disambiguation templates view source fully protected module engvar view source template editor protected module for view source template editor protected module format link view source template e...