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Text of the page (random words):
o of uncertain meaning there is no distinction between long and short vowels in written tibetan except in loanword s especially those borrowed from sanskrit class wikitable style text align center vowel mark ipa vowel mark ipa vowel mark ipa vowel mark ipa style text align center bo textonly ི ipa i bo textonly ུ ipa u bo textonly ེ ipa e bo textonly ོ ipa o numerical digits main tibetan numerals class wikitable style text align center tibetan numerals bo textonly ༠ bo textonly ༡ bo textonly ༢ bo textonly ༣ bo textonly ༤ bo textonly ༥ bo textonly ༦ bo textonly ༧ bo textonly ༨ bo textonly ༩ style text align center devanagari numerals ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ style text align center arabic numerals 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 style height 0 5em background color orange border style none colspan 11 style text align center tibetan fractions bo textonly bo textonly bo textonly bo textonly bo textonly bo textonly bo textonly bo textonly bo textonly bo textonly style text align center decimal fractions 0 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 punctuation marks class wikitable symbol br graphemes name function style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཡིག མགོ br yig mgo marks beginning of a text before a headline front page of a pecha style text align center bo textonly bo textonly གཏེར ཡིག མགོ br yig mgo gter yig mgo used in place of the yig mgo in terma religion terma texts style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཡིག མགོ ཨ ཕྱེད br yig mgo yig mgo a phyed used in place of the yig mgo in terma religion terma texts style text align center bo textonly bo textonly དཔེ རྙིང ཡིག མགོ br yig mgo dpe rnying yig mgo a variant of the yig mgo found in very old tibetan texts style text align center bo textonly bo textonly བསྐུར ཡིག མགོ br yig mgo bskur yig mgo list enumerator dzongka style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཚེག br tseg syllable delimiter also used as a spacer to typographic alignment justified justify text in pecha s style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཤད br daṇḍa shad full stop comma or semicolon marks end of a sentence or clause and originates from the daṇḍa of indic scripts style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཉིས ཤད br nyis daṇḍa shad marks end of a paragraph or topic cp pilcrow style text align center bo textonly bo textonly བཞི ཤད br bzhi daṇḍa shad marks end of a chapter or entire section style text align center bo textonly bo textonly གསུམ ཤད br gsum daṇḍa shad same as bzhi daṇḍa shad but used when the preceding character is ཀ or ག style text align center bo textonly bo textonly རིན ཆེན སྤུངས ཤད br rin chen spungs daṇḍa shad replaces daṇḍa shad after single widows and orphans orphaned syllables indicating to the reader that the preceding syllable continues from text on the previous line style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཚེག ཤད br tsheg daṇḍa shad variant of rin chen spungs daṇḍa shad style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཉིསཚེག ཤད br nyis tsheg daṇḍa shad variant of rin chen spungs daṇḍa shad style text align center bo textonly bo textonly སྦྲུལ ཤད br sbrul daṇḍa shad marks the start of a new text often in a collection of texts separates chapters and surrounds inserted text style text align center bo textonly bo textonly གཏེར ཤད br terma religion gter daṇḍa shad replaces daṇḍa shad and variants thereof in terma religion terma texts style text align center bo textonly bo textonly རྒྱ གྲམ ཤད br rgya gram daṇḍa shad sometimes used in place of the yig mgo in terma religion terma texts style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཆེ མགོ br che mgo literally big head used preceding a reference to the dalai lama or the name of another important lama or tulku that demands great respect style text align center bo textonly bo textonly བསྡུས རྟགས br bsdus rtags repetition style text align center bo textonly bo textonly འཛུད རྟགས མེ ལོང ཅན br dzud rtags me long can caret proofreading caret indicates text insertion style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཨང ཁང གཡོན འཁོར br ang khang g yon khor left roof bracket style text align center bo textonly bo textonly ཨང ཁང གཡས འཁོར br ang khang g yas khor right roof bracket style text align center bo textonly bo textonly གུག རྟགས གཡོན br gug rtags g yon left bracket style text align center bo textonly bo textonly གུག རྟགས གཡས br gug rtags g yas right bracket extended use file unknown tibetan sanskrit text jpg thumb 250px a bilingual text tibetan and sanskrit written in tibetan script from the personal artifact collection of donald weir the tibetan alphabet when used to write other languages such as balti language balti chinese language chinese and sanskrit often has additional and or modified graphemes taken from the basic tibetan alphabet to represent different sounds extended alphabet class wikitable letter used in romanization ipa comments style text align center bo textonly ཫ rowspan 4 balti language balti qa ipaslink q qa reversed bo textonly ཀ transliteration tibt ka style text align center bo textonly ཬ ṛa ipaslink ɽ ɽa reversed bo textonly ར transliteration tibt ra style text align center bo textonly ཁ༹ xa ipaslink χ χa bo textonly ཁ transliteration tibt kha with tsa phru style text align center bo textonly ག༹ ġa ipaslink ʁ ʁa bo textonly ག transliteration tibt ga with tsa phru style text align center bo textonly ཕ༹ rowspan 2 chinese language chinese fa ipaslink f fa bo textonly ཕ transliteration tibt pha with tsa phru style text align center bo textonly བ༹ va ipaslink v va bo textonly བ transliteration tibt ba with tsa phru style text align center bo textonly གྷ rowspan 11 sanskrit gha ipaslink ɡʱ ɡʱa bo textonly ག transliteration tibt ga with subjoined bo textonly ཧ transliteration tibt ha style text align center bo textonly ཛྷ dzha ipaslink d͡zʱ d͡zʱa bo textonly ཛ transliteration tibt dza with subjoined bo textonly ཧ transliteration tibt ha style text align center bo textonly ཊ ṭa ipaslink ʈ ʈa reversed bo textonly ཏ transliteration tibt ta style text align center bo textonly ཋ ṭha ipaslink ʈʰ ʈʰa reversed bo textonly ཐ transliteration tibt tha style text align center bo textonly ཌ ḍa ipaslink ɖ ɖa reversed bo textonly ད transliteration tibt da style text align center bo textonly ཌྷ ḍha ipaslink ɖʱ ɖʱa bo textonly ཌ transliteration tibt ḍa with subjoined bo textonly ཧ transliteration tibt ha style text align center bo textonly ཎ ṇa ipaslink ɳ ɳa reversed bo textonly ན transliteration tibt na style text align center bo textonly དྷ dha ipaslink dʱ dʱa bo textonly ད transliteration tibt da with subjoined bo textonly ཧ transliteration tibt ha style text align center bo textonly བྷ bha ipaslink bʱ bʱa bo textonly བ transliteration tibt ba with subjoined bo textonly ཧ transliteration tibt ha style text align center bo textonly ཥ ṣa ipaslink ʂ ʂa reversed bo textonly ཤ transliteration tibt sha style text align center bo textonly ཀྵ kṣa ipa kʂa bo textonly ཀ transliteration tibt ka with subjoined bo textonly ཥ transliteration tibt ṣa style text align center bo textonly ྈྐ rowspan 4 vedic sanskrit vedic sanskrit ẖka ipaslink x xka rowspan 2 lang sa latn jihvamuliya jihvāmūlīya velar consonant velar visarga before bo textonly ཀ transliteration tibt ka and bo textonly ཁ transliteration tibt kha style text align center bo textonly ྈྑ ẖkha ipa xkʰa style text align center bo textonly ྉྤ ḫpa ipaslink ɸ ɸpa rowspan 2 lang sa latn upadhmaniya upadhmānīya labial consonant labial visarga before bo textonly པ transliteration tibt pa and bo textonly ཕ transliteration tibt pha style text align center bo textonly ྉྥ ḫpha ipa ɸpʰa it is a classical rule to transliterate sanskrit transliteration sa ca indic ca transliteration sa cha indic cha transliteration sa ja indic ja and transliteration sa jha indic jha as tibetan bo textonly ཙ transliteration tibt tsa bo textonly ཚ transliteration tibt tsha bo textonly ཛ transliteration tibt dza and bo textonly ཛྷ transliteration tibt dzha respectively rather than bo textonly ཅ transliteration tibt ca bo textonly ཆ transliteration tibt cha bo textonly ཇ transliteration tibt ja and bo textonly ཇྷ transliteration tibt jha five of the sanskrit retroflex consonant s bo textonly ཊ transliteration sa ṭa indic ṭa bo textonly ཋ transliteration sa ṭha indic ṭha bo textonly ཌ transliteration sa ḍa indic ḍa bo textonly ཎ transliteration sa ṇa indic ṇa and bo textonly ཥ transliteration sa ṣa indic ṣa are represented by reversed forms of their non retroflex counterparts bo textonly ཏ transliteration sa ta bo textonly ཐ transliteration sa tha bo textonly ད transliteration sa da bo textonly ན transliteration sa na and bo textonly ཤ transliteration sa sha one further retroflex bo textonly ཌྷ transliteration sa ḍha indic ḍha is formed by subjoining retroflex bo textonly ཌ transliteration sa ḍa with bo textonly ཧ transliteration sa ha matching the way its non retroflex counterpart bo textonly དྷ transliteration sa dha is formed from bo textonly ད transliteration sa da subjoined with bo textonly ཧ transliteration sa ha extended vowel marks and modifiers class wikitable vowel mark used in romanization ipa function style text align center bo textonly ཱ rowspan 12 sanskrit ā ipa aː length mark for vowel a style text align center bo textonly ཱི ī ipa iː length mark for vowel i style text align center bo textonly ཱུ ū ipa uː length mark for vowel u style text align center bo textonly ྲྀ ṛ ipa r̩ marks vocalic r style text align center bo textonly ྲཱྀ ṝ ipa r̩ː marks long vocalic r style text align center bo textonly ླྀ ḷ ipa l̩ marks vocalic l style text align center bo textonly ླཱྀ ḹ ipa l̩ː marks long vocalic l style text align center bo textonly ཻ ai ipa ɐi̯ marks the diphthong ai style text align center bo textonly ཽ au ipa ɐu̯ marks the diphthong au style text align center bo textonly ཾ ṃ ipa ̃ anusvara marks nasalization or a final nasal sound depending on context style text align center bo textonly ྃ m̐ ipa ̃ chandrabindu marks a nasalized vowel style text align center bo textonly ཿ ḥ ipa h visarga marks post vocalic breath class wikitable symbol br graphemes name used in function style text align center bo textonly ྄ srog med rowspan 2 sanskrit virama suppresses the inherent vowel sound style text align center bo textonly paluta avagraha used for prolonging vowel sounds consonant clusters in addition to the use of supplementary graphemes the rules for constructing consonant clusters are amended allowing any character to occupy the superscript or subscript position negating the need for the prescript and postscript positions romanization and transliteration romanization and transliteration of the tibetan script is the representation of the tibetan script in the latin script multiple romanization and transliteration systems have been created in recent years but do not fully represent the true phonetic sound notetag see for instance http www eki ee wgrs rom1_bo pdf http www eki ee wgrs rom2_dz pdf while the wylie transliteration system is widely used to romanize standard tibetan others include the library of congress system and the ipa based transliteration jacques 2012 below is a table with tibetan letters and different romanization and transliteration system for each letter listed below systems are wylie transliteration w tibetan pinyin tp dzongkha phonetic dp ala lc romanization a ref cite web url https www loc gov catdir cpso romanization tibetan pdf title ala lc romanization of tibetan script pdf website library of congress access date 2017 12 29 archive date 2018 04 13 archive url https web archive org web 20180413080847 http www loc gov catdir cpso romanization tibetan pdf url status live ref and thl simplified phonetic transcription thl class wikitable a lign center style font size small letter wylie transliteration w tibetan pinyin tp dp ala lc romanization a thl simplified phonetic transcription thl style border left 2px solid black letter w tp dp a thl style border left 2px solid black letter w tp dp a thl style border left 2px solid black letter w tp dp a thl align center bo textonly ཀ ka g ka ka ka style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཁ kha k kha kha kha style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ག ga k kha ga ga style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ང nga ng nga nga nga align center bo textonly ཅ ca j ca ca cha style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཆ cha q cha cha cha style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཇ ja q cha ja ja style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཉ nya ny nya nya nya align center bo textonly ཏ ta d ta ta ta style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཐ tha t tha tha ta style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ད da t tha da da style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ན na n na na na align center bo textonly པ pa b pa pa pa style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཕ pha p pha pha pa style border left 2px solid black bo textonly བ ba p pha ba ba style border left 2px solid black bo textonly མ ma m ma ma ma align center bo textonly ཙ tsa z tsa tsa tsa style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཚ tsha c tsha tsha tsa style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཛ dza c tsha dza dza style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཝ wa w wa wa wa align center bo textonly ཞ zha x sha zha zha style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཟ za s sa za za style border left 2px solid black bo textonly འ a a a a style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཡ ya y ya ya ya align center bo textonly ར ra r ra ra ra style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ལ la l la la la style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཤ sha x sha sha sha style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ས sa s sa sa sa align center bo textonly ཧ ha h ha ha ha style border left 2px solid black bo textonly ཨ a a a a a style border left 2px solid black colspan 12 align center colspan 24 style font size 88 only in loanwords input method and keyboard layout tibetan file tibetan keyboard png thumb 420px standard tibetan tibetan keyboard layout the first version of microsoft windows to support the tibetan keyboard layout is ms windows vista the layout has been available in linux since september 2007 in ubuntu operating system ubuntu 12 04 one can install tibetan language support through dash language support install remove languages the input method can be turned on from dash keyboard layout adding tibetan keyboard layout the layout applies the similar layout as in microsoft windows mac os x introduced tibetan unicode support in version 10 5 now with three different keyboard layouts available tibetan wylie tibetan qwerty and tibetan otani dzongkha file dzongkha keyboard layout main svg thumb 300px dzongkha keyboard layout main dzongkha keyboard layout the dzongkha keyboard layout scheme is designed as a simple means for inputting dzongkha text on computers this keyboard layout was standardized by the dzongkha development commission ddc and the department of information technology and telecommunications bhutan department of information technology dit of the...