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1917 chester race riot wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 tension 2 riot timeline 3 aftermath 4 see also 5 references toggle the table of contents 1917 chester race riot add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia race riot in pennsylvania united states 1917 chester race riot part of mass racial violence in the united states date july 1917 location chester pennsylvania caused by white residents and workers hostility toward influx of black workers stabbing and killing of a white man by a black man result 7 deaths 28 gunshot victims 360 arrests hardening of racial divide in chester s neighborhoods and workplaces parties white rioters white rioters law enforcement chester police pennsylvania national guard pennsylvania state police black rioters black rioters lead figures william mckinney arthur thomas casualties deaths 7 injuries 28 gunshot wounds part of a series on nadir of american race relations a french news illustration of the 1906 atlanta race massacre historical background reconstruction era voter suppression disfranchisement redeemers compromise of 1877 jim crow laws segregation anti miscegenation laws convict leasing practices common actions expulsions of african americans lynchings lynching postcards sundown town whitecapping vigilante groups black legion indiana white caps ku klux klan red shirts lynchings andrew richards michael green nevlin porter and johnson spencer eliza woods amos miller george meadows joe vermillion jim taylor joe coe people s grocery ephraim grizzard alfred blount samuel j bush stephen williams frazier b baker and julia baker john henry james sam hose george ward david wyatt marie thompson watkinsville ed johnson william burns walker family william james laura and l d nelson king johnson john evans jesse washington newberry six anthony crawford ell persons jim mcilherron george taylor john hartfield 1920 duluth james harvey and joe jordan joe pullen massacres and riots opelousas massacre rock springs massacre thibodaux massacre spring valley race riot of 1895 phoenix election riot wilmington massacre pana riot robert charles riots evansville race riot atlanta massacre of 1906 springfield race riot of 1908 johnson jeffries riots slocum massacre 1912 racial conflict in forsyth county 1917 chester race riot east st louis massacre elaine massacre red summer chicago race riot of 1919 washington race riot of 1919 ocoee massacre tulsa race massacre perry massacre rosewood massacre reactions anti lynching movement atlanta compromise back to africa movement exodusters movement great migration niagara movement naacp silent parade related topics black genocide civil rights movement 1865 1896 civil rights movement 1896 1954 mass racial violence in the united states v t e the 1917 chester race riot was a race riot in chester pennsylvania that took place over four days in july 1917 racial tensions increased greatly during the world war i industrial boom due to white hostility toward the large influx of southern blacks who moved north as part of the great migration the riot began after a black man walked in a white neighborhood with his girlfriend and bumped into another couple this led to a fight in which the black man stabbed and killed the white man in retaliation white gangs targeted and attacked blacks throughout the city four days of violent melees involving mobs of hundreds of people followed the chester police along with the pennsylvania national guard pennsylvania state police mounted police officers and a 150 person posse finally quelled the riot after four days the riot resulted in 7 deaths 28 gunshot wounds 360 arrests and hundreds of hospitalizations tension edit chester a small town known for shipbuilding and textile manufacturing had a community of approximately 4 400 blacks by 1900 the community included businesses and churches chester s neighborhoods largely white and black middle and working class were generally segregated by race income and social status 1 the increase in industrial manufacturing due to economic production related to world war i brought massive and disruptive growth to chester the sun shipbuilding drydock co opened in 1917 to build tanker ships 2 the idled delaware river iron ship building and engine works shipyard was revived as the merchant shipbuilding corporation 3 and the baldwin locomotive works in nearby eddystone produced locomotives and railway gun carriages for the war 4 between 1910 and 1920 chester s population increased from 34 000 to 58 000 due to an influx of southern and eastern europeans as well as southern u s blacks arriving to work in the shipyards and other industrial manufacturing 5 the hostility of chester s white residents toward black residents grew as southern blacks migrated to pennsylvania as part of the great migration 6 in 1910 chester was home to approximately 6 000 blacks 15 of the city s population at the height of the world war i industrial boom the population of blacks in chester increased to 20 000 25 of the city s population 7 black workers lived in filthy and overpopulated segregated work camps hastily erected near factories the white residents of chester became frustrated with the rapid changes and congestion in chester and placed the blame for these social ills on the influx of black workers 8 many white workers viewed black workers as strikebreakers and resentment toward blacks in chester mirrored race riots in east saint louis and philadelphia 9 there were multiple cases of individual interracial violence in chester leading up to july 1917 10 chester also had a reputation as a freewheeling destination for vices such as drugs alcohol numbers rackets gambling and prostitution bethel court was the red light district of chester located in one of poorest black neighborhoods in the west end in 1917 the regional interest in bethel court increased exponentially when army and navy officials in philadelphia banned military personnel from frequenting brothels in philadelphia the increase in prostitution crime and drunken behavior in bethel court was blamed on the black population in chester 11 riot timeline edit late in the evening of july 24 1917 a black man named arthur thomas was walking with his female companion and another black couple through a predominantly white neighborhood in the city s west end thomas got into a verbal altercation with a white man named william mckinney which escalated into a fistfight mckinney was stabbed multiple times during the fight and died soon afterwards on july 25 an enraged mob of whites marched through the streets of chester s black neighborhoods which initiated violent street battles that continued for four days 12 mobs of white rioters gathered along the strip of black owned businesses in chester and attacked black workers going to their jobs a mob of white people boarded a streetcar and assaulted black passengers mobs of 200 to 300 white rioters were reported roaming the streets and attacking blacks a counter mob of 150 armed blacks gathered near market square in downtown chester fired their guns into a mob of armed white rioters and charged the group until police dispersed both groups 13 a black railroad worker fired his gun into a mob of white shipyard workers chasing him and killed one of them 14 there were reports of row homes being set afire with black occupants trapped inside 12 on july 27 the mayor of chester wesley s mcdowell ordered all hotels pool halls and liquor stores closed forbade the carrying of weapons and implemented a curfew after dark delaware county sheriff john h heyburn jr declared a state of riot in chester and forbade public assembly in the city 15 local and state police including mounted police officers along with a posse of 150 were able to restore order after four days of violence 12 by july 30 seven people had been killed twenty eight suffered gunshot wounds 16 360 arrested 10 and hundreds treated for injuries at the hospital 12 it took several weeks for the violence to subside completely with individual acts of interracial violence continuing through august 17 aftermath edit after the riots the mayor banned the sale of liquor to military personnel visiting bethel court a local magistrate who set low bail amounts for black offenders before the riots was dismissed from office the separation of blacks and whites in chester s neighborhoods and workplaces became more defined 18 see also edit list of incidents of civil unrest in the united states references edit citations mele 2017 p 21 sun shipbuilding and drydock company historical marker www explorepahistory com retrieved may 11 2020 philadelphia in the world war 1914 1919 new york wynkoop hallenbeck crawford co 1922 p 388 retrieved may 11 2020 philadelphia in the world war 1914 1919 new york wynkoop hallenbeck crawford co 1922 pp 417 424 retrieved may 11 2020 history of economic development in chester www blogs swarthmore edu retrieved april 19 2018 trotter 1997 p 256 mele 2017 pp 25 26 mele 2017 p 25 mele 2017 pp 26 27 1 2 mack will november 22 2017 the chester pennsylvania race riot 1917 www blackpast org retrieved may 9 2020 mele 2017 pp 27 28 1 2 3 4 mele 2017 p 30 smith 2008 p 181 krugler 2015 p 285 smith 2008 p 183 blumgart jake chester pennsylvania www philadelphiaencyclopedia org encyclopedia of greater philadelphia retrieved may 9 2020 smith 2008 pp 185 186 mele 2017 pp 31 32 sources krugler david f 2015 1919 the year of racial violence how african americans fought back cambridge university press isbn 978 1 107 06179 8 mele christopher 2017 race and the politics of deception the making of an american city new york university press isbn 978 1 4798 6609 0 smith eric ledell 2008 the 1917 race riot in chester pennsylvania pennsylvania history a journal of mid atlantic studies 75 2 297 341 doi 10 2307 27778829 jstor 27778829 s2cid 152902043 trotter joe william 1997 african americans in pennsylvania shifting historical perspectives the pennsylvania state university press isbn 0 271 01686 8 v t e chester pennsylvania landmarks 1724 chester courthouse asbury ame church calvary baptist church chester friends meetinghouse chester rural cemetery chester waterside station of the philadelphia electric company delaware county national bank deshong art museum deshong park harrah s philadelphia j lewis crozer library old main and chemistry building william penn landing site st paul s church subaru park third presbyterian church government mayors education chester upland school district chester high school chester charter scholars academy widener university closed sleeper s college st james high school for boys industry delaware valley resource recovery facility port of chester scott paper company closed chester assembly chester pipe and tube company chester rolling mill combination steel and iron company delaware river iron ship building and engine works john roach sons merchant shipbuilding corporation reaney son archbold standard steel casting company sun shipbuilding drydock company transportation chester transit center commodore barry bridge highland avenue station interstate 476 interstate 95 lamokin street station closed pennsylvania route 291 stoney creek secondary u s route 13 u s route 322 history 1917 chester race riot chester school protests second street bridge wade dump geography chester creek delaware river ridley creek stoney creek other notable people state correctional institution this list is incomplete retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1917_chester_race_riot oldid 1367610831 categories 1917 in pennsylvania 1917 murders in the united states 1917 riots african american history of pennsylvania african american riots in the united states history of chester pennsylvania july 1917 in the united states racially motivated violence against african americans in pennsylvania riots and civil disorder in pennsylvania united states home front during world war i white american riots in the united states hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use american english from january 2026 all wikipedia articles written in american english use mdy dates from january 2026 this page was last edited on 4 august 2026 at 03 05 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents 1917 chester race riot add languages add topic