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nate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 parliament factions 2 campaign toggle campaign subsection 2 1 party slogans 2 2 debates 2 3 surplus vote agreements 3 opinion polls toggle opinion polls subsection 3 1 seat projections 4 results 5 aftermath 6 notes 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents 1988 israeli legislative election 11 languages العربية català čeština deutsch español français עברית polski português русский 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia 1988 israeli legislative election 1984 1 november 1988 1992 all 120 seats in the knesset 61 seats needed for a majority turnout 79 66 0 88 pp party leader vote seats likud yitzhak shamir 31 07 40 1 alignment shimon peres 30 02 39 5 shas yitzhak haim peretz 4 72 6 2 agudat yisrael moshe ze ev feldman 4 50 5 3 ratz shulamit aloni 4 27 5 2 mafdal avner hai shaki 3 93 5 1 hadash meir vilner 3 68 4 0 tehiya yuval ne eman 3 10 3 1 mapam yair tzaban 2 47 3 3 tzomet rafael eitan 1 99 2 1 moledet rehavam ze evi 1 93 2 new centre shinui amnon rubinstein 1 73 2 1 degel hatorah avraham ravitz 1 50 2 new plfp mohammed miari 1 48 1 1 mada abdulwahab darawshe 1 18 1 new this lists parties that won seats see the complete results below prime minister before prime minister after yitzhak shamir likud yitzhak shamir likud legislative elections were held in israel on 1 november 1988 voter turnout was 80 1 parliament factions edit for a more comprehensive list see list of political parties in israel the table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 11th knesset name ideology symbol leader 1984 result seats at 1988 dissolution votes seats alignment social democracy labor zionism אמת shimon peres 34 9 a 38 120 38 120 mapam labor zionism democratic socialism מפם yair tzaban 6 120 5 120 likud national liberalism מחל yitzhak shamir 31 9 41 120 43 120 tehiya ultranationalism revisionist zionism ת yuval ne eman rafael eitan 4 0 5 120 4 120 mafdal religious zionism ב yosef burg 3 5 4 120 5 120 hadash communism socialism ו meir vilner 3 4 4 120 5 120 shas religious conservatism populism שס yitzhak peretz 3 1 4 120 3 120 shinui liberalism centrism הן amnon rubinstein 2 7 3 120 4 120 ratz progressivism secularism רצ shulamit aloni 2 4 3 120 4 120 yahad centrism ט ezer weizman 2 2 3 120 0 120 plp pacifism פ mohammed miari 1 8 2 120 2 120 agudat yisrael religious conservatism ג avraham yosef shapira 1 7 2 120 2 120 morasha religious conservatism social conservatism עד haim drukman 1 6 2 120 1 120 tzomet agrarianism zionism ץ rafael eitan 0 120 1 120 tami religious zionism economic egalitarianism ני aharon abuhatzira 1 5 1 120 0 120 kach b religious zionism kahanism כך meir kahane 1 2 1 120 1 120 ometz national liberalism יש yigal hurvitz 1 2 1 120 0 120 mada israeli arab interests ע abdulwahab darawshe 0 120 1 120 independent 0 120 1 120 campaign edit see also party lists for the 1988 israeli legislative election on 8 october 1988 the alignment leader shimon peres visited the likud stronghold beit shemesh near jerusalem there he was greeted by a mob of angry protesters who called him peres arafat a traitor and a maniac and threw buckets of cold water at him forcing dozens of police officers being called to guide peres away from the demonstrators 2 on the same day ratz s yossi sarid unsuccessfully testified to the central elections committee to block the ultranationalist pro transfer moledet party from running while the progressive leader muhammad miari demanded to disqualify moledet tehiya and tzomet this came as the justice minister avraham sharir likud tried to get miari arrested for meeting with yasser arafat 2 ratz s surge in the polls caused fear among the right wing parties likud s youth wing handed out letters saying if you want a big strong ratz but in opposition vote for ratz but if you want a smaller ratz but in government vote for the alignment 2 during the campaign left wing parties were in a state of conflict mapam and ratz rejected the possibility of running on a joint list 3 when ratz signed a surplus vote agreement with the alignment mapam accused ratz of wanting to remove mapam from the political scene to which ratz leader shulamit aloni responded by saying that mapam s panic is understandable it is a spoiled party rich in assets and jobs which fears any young fresh organization without vested economic interests that comes to fight with clean hands she also highlighted the inevitability of the two parties becoming allies comparing mapam to the biblical character saul throwing his spear at david 4 further to the left there was outright hostility between the progressive list for peace and hadash resulting in physical altercations between their activists 5 the plp criticised ratz for giving its unconditional support to shimon peres s bid to become prime minister while ignoring the fact that peres was set to appoint yitzhak rabin who the plp called a minister of blood and gore as defense minister the plp criticised ratz hadash mapam and shinui for not assembling a coherent singular force for peace in the knesset the plp also stated they would not support a peres led government if it was not up to their standards 6 the jericho bus firebombing which killed an israeli mother and her three children galvanised voters to force a last minute swing to the right just when the alignment was gaining on the likud in polls 7 8 9 10 party slogans edit party or alliance original slogan 11 english translation refs likud ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏רק הליכוד יכול only the likud can 12 alignment המערך הדרך לפריצת דרך the alignment the path to a breakthrough 12 mafdal צריך אמונה במדינה we need faith in the country mapam הפעם מפם this time mapam 12 hadash שתי מדינות לשני העמים two states for two peoples 12 ratz העובדות מצביעות רצ the facts point to ratz 13 shinui יש פתרון שפוי המרכז שינוי there is a sensible solution the centre shinui tehiya זה הזמן להתעורר לתחייה it s time to wake up to tehiya a revival tzomet כל הדרכים מובילות לצומת all roads lead to tzomet crossroad moledet מולדת יש רק אחת there is only one homeland degel hatorah הפעם יש ברירה דגל התורה this time there is a choice degel hatorah debates edit date organizer moderator p present i invitee n non invitee likud alignment refs p yitzhak shamir p shimon peres 14 surplus vote agreements edit further information d hondt method two parties could make an agreement so that they were considered to be running on a joint list when leftover seats were distributed the bader ofer method favors larger lists meaning that a joint list is more likely to receive leftover seats than each list would individually if such a joint list were to receive a leftover seat the bader ofer method would be applied a second time to determine which of the parties that make up the joint list would receive it 15 the following agreements were signed by parties prior to the election 16 alignment ratz shas degel hatorah mapam shinui likud tehiya the movement for a just society yemenite association in israel opinion polls edit the israel broadcasting authority separated the parties into two blocs left wing jewish alignment ratz mapam shinui meimad arab hadash plp mada right wing secular likud tehiya tzomet moledet hadashot also included kach in this grouping religious agudat yisrael shas degel hatorah mafdal morasha dropped out in august 1988 ometz dissolved into likud and yahad ran as part of the alignment ma ariv polled morasha together with mafdal 17 seat projections edit note political blocs do not necessarily determine the exact makeup of post election coalitions hadashot published polls in percentages which have been approximated into seat totals through the d hondt method assuming surplus vote agreements stay the same when possible 18 some polls gave certain seat totals as a range of numbers for which the average has been given date poll client likud alignment mapam tehiya tzomet hadash plp mada shinui ratz morasha mafdal shas agudat yisrael degel kach moledet meimad others lead left right lead final results 40 39 3 3 2 4 1 1 2 5 defunct 5 6 5 2 banned 2 0 0 1 50 70 20 1 november 1988 exit poll on channel 1 19 40 40 3 3 2 5 2 0 2 6 5 5 2 1 2 0 0 tie 58 62 4 30 october 1988 smith research center 20 40 41 3 6 n a n a n a n a n a 6 n a 5 n a n a 1 0 n a 1 n a n a n a 28 october 1988 tazpit institute 21 40 43 2 5 1 6 2 2 7 3 3 2 1 1 1 0 3 63 57 6 28 october 1988 modi in ezrachi 21 43 33 3 8 2 8 1 8 5 4 2 1 1 1 0 10 55 65 10 28 october 1988 israel research institute 21 40 42 2 7 1 5 4 3 5 1 6 3 5 4 2 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 2 60 60 tie 21 october 1988 israel research institute 22 40 42 2 7 1 6 1 5 6 5 3 5 3 5 2 1 5 n a 0 5 1 5 c 2 58 5 60 1 5 20 october 1988 modi in ezrachi 22 40 33 3 7 2 8 1 9 5 3 2 1 5 n a n a 0 7 54 66 12 6 10 october 1988 hadashot 23 38 44 2 6 1 4 2 2 2 7 5 2 2 1 1 1 0 6 63 57 6 4 october 1988 the central elections committee forbids kach from running in the election 2 8 october 1988 18 hadashot 41 38 2 7 3 6 2 4 defunct 10 6 n a n a n a 3 52 68 16 october 1988 17 maariv 41 34 2 7 2 8 1 8 4 3 3 n a 6 n a 1 n a 7 54 66 12 26 august 8 october 1988 18 hadashot 39 37 2 7 3 7 2 7 8 8 0 n a 0 2 55 65 10 23 september 1988 24 hadashot 43 39 2 6 1 4 2 1 2 6 6 3 2 n a 2 n a 1 0 4 61 59 2 august 5 september 1988 25 hadashot 36 46 2 4 3 7 n a 2 7 4 3 2 n a 2 1 1 0 10 63 57 6 may october 1988 18 hadashot 39 39 2 8 3 7 1 8 9 4 n a n a 0 tie 57 63 6 august 1988 17 maariv 42 34 2 7 1 7 2 6 5 4 3 n a 7 n a n a 0 8 51 69 18 july 1988 17 maariv 41 35 2 7 3 7 2 7 4 3 3 n a 6 n a n a 0 6 53 67 14 june 1988 24 hadashot 40 45 1 7 1 4 2 n a 2 5 n a 5 3 3 n a 2 n a n a 0 5 59 61 2 march 1988 24 hadashot 44 41 1 6 1 4 2 n a 2 6 n a 5 4 2 n a 2 n a n a 0 3 56 64 8 15 february 1988 abdulwahab darawshe leaves the alignment to establish the arab democratic party mada january 1988 24 hadashot 38 44 1 5 1 4 2 not founded 2 6 n a 6 5 3 n a 4 n a n a 0 6 59 61 2 25 december 1987 26 hadashot 37 46 1 6 n a 6 3 5 n a 5 5 2 not founded 2 not founded not founded 0 11 61 59 2 december 1987 tzomet splits from tehiya and becomes an independent party again june 1987 27 ma ariv 36 46 2 8 6 not founded 2 5 n a 4 4 2 not founded 5 not founded not founded 0 10 61 59 2 march 1987 28 ma ariv 35 48 2 7 6 2 4 n a 6 4 2 4 0 13 62 58 4 27 january 1987 29 ma ariv 34 53 2 6 6 3 5 n a 4 4 1 2 0 19 67 53 14 july 1986 29 ma ariv 32 51 2 9 6 2 6 1 4 3 2 2 0 19 67 53 14 june 1986 tzomet folds into tehiya 28 february 1986 30 ma ariv 30 55 2 7 6 not founded 1 5 1 4 4 2 not founded 2 not founded not founded 0 25 69 51 18 november 1985 30 ma ariv 32 53 1 8 6 2 4 1 3 3 2 5 0 21 66 54 12 september 1985 30 ma ariv 30 51 1 8 6 1 7 1 3 3 2 7 0 21 66 54 12 9 august 1985 31 hadashot 33 51 1 6 6 d n a 2 4 1 4 2 2 5 5 2 5 e 18 64 54 5 9 5 11 june 1985 habonim train bus collision 22 mostly children killed shas blames the victims for violating shabbat leading to public outrage 32 1 june 1985 1985 israel economic stabilization plan introduced 23 september 1984 mapam leaves the alignment outgoing knesset 42 38 f 5 4 1 5 2 1 4 4 1 5 3 2 not founded 1 not founded not founded 1 1 57 63 6 1984 results 42 g 47 h 5 4 2 not founded 3 3 2 4 4 2 1 1 i 5 57 63 6 results edit party votes seats likud 709 305 31 07 40 1 alignment 685 363 30 02 39 5 shas 107 709 4 72 6 2 agudat yisrael 102 714 4 50 5 3 ratz 97 513 4 27 5 2 national religious party 89 720 3 93 5 1 hadash 84 032 3 68 4 0 tehiya 70 730 3 10 3 2 mapam 56 345 2 47 3 new tzomet 45 489 1 99 2 new moledet 44 174 1 93 2 new shinui 39 538 1 73 2 1 degel hatorah 34 279 1 50 2 new progressive list for peace 33 695 1 48 1 1 arab democratic party 27 012 1 18 1 new pensioners 16 674 0 73 0 new meimad 15 783 0 69 0 new derekh aretz 4 253 0 19 0 new leorr movement 4 182 0 18 0 new movement for social justice 3 222 0 14 0 new yishai tribal israel together 2 947 0 13 0 new movement for moshavim 2 838 0 12 0 new tarshish 1 654 0 07 0 new silent power 1 579 0 07 0 new movement for discharged soldiers 1 018 0 04 0 new yemenite association 909 0 04 0 new unity 446 0 02 0 0 total 2 283 123 100 00 120 0 valid votes 2 283 123 99 03 invalid blank votes 22 444 0 97 total votes 2 305 567 100 00 registered voters turnout 2 894 267 79 66 source idi nohlen et al political observers noted that if hadash and the progressive list for peace had made a surplus vote agreement the latter would have won a surplus seat which was ultimately won by the shas degel surplus agreement 5 aftermath edit see also list of members of the twelfth knesset likud s yitzhak shamir formed the twenty third government on 22 december 1988 including the alignment the national religious party shas agudat yisrael and degel hatorah in his coalition with 25 ministers in 1990 shimon peres tried to form an alignment led coalition in a move that became known as the dirty trick but failed to win sufficient support eventually shamir formed the twenty fourth government on 11 june 1990 with a coalition encompassing likud the national religious party shas agudat yisrael degel hatorah the new liberal party tehiya tzomet moledet unity for peace and immigration and geulat yisrael tehiya tzomet and moledet all left the coalition in late 1991 early 1992 in protest at shamir s participation in the madrid conference several defections occurred during the knesset term five members of likud left to form the party for the advancement of the zionist idea after two of them returned the party was renamed the new liberal party yitzhak peretz left shas and established moria eliezer mizrahi left agudat yisrael and established geulat yisrael efraim gur left the alignment to establish unity for peace and immigration which later merged into likud the twelfth knesset saw the rise of the ultra orthodox religious parties as a significant force in israeli politics and as a crucial swing element which could determine which of the large two secular parties likud alignment would get to form the coalition government ratz mapam and shinui merged into meretz while black panthers broke away from hadash notes edit mapam had been part of the alignment since 1969 but the party broke away prior to the 1988 election as a gesture of disapproval of the national unity government with likud kach was disqualified from running in the 1988 elections for violation of the amended basic law the knesset pensioners 1 5 unknown if figure includes progressives tami 1 all 6 mapam mks left the alignment in 1984 and afterwards 1 mk each defected to shinui ratz and mada yahad s 3 mks joined the alignment including ometz with yahad mapam won 6 seats in the knesse...