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raeli public of his positions the most prominent among them being his claim that israel had no interest in continuing to have control in the gaza strip and in the west bank labor party leadership struggle edit amram mitzna the head of the labor meimad list main articles 2001 israeli labor party leadership election and 2002 israeli labor party leadership election various campaign billboard signs in tel aviv after barak took a break from politics in late february 2001 the labor party established a unity government with the likud party in which shimon peres represented the labor party as the most senior figure of its ministers at the same time benyamin ben eliezer competed against matan vilnai for the position of defense minister in the unity government shimon peres was appointed to the position of minister of foreign affairs a party leadership election was set for september 4 2001 these primaries were supposedly won by avraham burg who was the speaker of the knesset at the time although in practice there was a very small number of votes only 1 000 votes in favor of burg which led to many claims of fraud especially of fraud within ballots of the israeli druze community after a long series of discussions and accusations regarding ethnic discrimination of the druze public it was decided that the primaries would be held again in 51 polling stations mostly within the druze community on 26 december those elections had a relatively low voter turnout and at the end of those elections ben eliezer won with a small gap of just 1 900 votes although winning the labor party s leader position allegedly promised ben eliezer his candidacy for prime minister for the labor party in practice the problematic election process led to many issues which were also affected by the lack of enthusiasm from the dovish faction of the labor party to ben eliezer s policy as defense minister after making serious allegations of racial discrimination against him due to being sephardi ben eliezer was forced to agree to another round of primaries during the period of time between the decision to hold another leadership election and the primaries themselves which were set for 19 november 2002 the labor party withdrew from the unity government which led to rumors that the main reason they withdrew was due to the considerations regarding the primaries the primaries were eventually won by amram mitzna who at that point in time was the mayor of haifa he won 53 of the votes while ben eliezer won 38 of the votes and haim ramon won only 7 of the votes disintegration of the unity government edit operation defensive shield and operation determined path which ended the israeli policy of restraint in response to palestinian terrorist attacks succeeded in considerably reducing the numbers of terrorist attacks carried out against israel nevertheless they led to the disintegration of the unity government in addition the economic situation also deteriorated significantly and after operation defensive shield an emergency economic plan was brought forth on april 25 2002 which was called economic defensive shield חומת מגן כלכלית a temporary lull in terrorist attacks against israelis was among the reasons that the shas party ministers opposed the emergency economic plan and voted against it in the knesset this situation caused prime minister ariel sharon to fire the shas ministers on may 20 nevertheless shas rejoined the government on june 3 but this step was the beginning of the end of the unity government on july 28 david levy and his breakaway gesher faction left the government due to their opposition to the budget although their departure was not significant at the time further ahead this caused difficulties for the continued existence of the unity government when the labor party withdrew from the unity government in september due to their opposition to the economic policy the state budget and the new defense policy prime minister ariel sharon s government had to re appoint several new ministers to his government as a result benjamin netanyahu was appointed as the foreign minister on november 1 and shaul mofaz was appointed as the defense minister the next day a move which aroused much criticism due to its timing mofaz was appointed to this position only four months after he finished serving in the military as the chief of staff of the israel defense forces eventually sharon announced the dissolution of the knesset and early elections likud leadership struggle edit main article 2002 likud leadership election while sharon enjoyed high approval among the general public his move towards the political center had offput many in they party s right wing base making him appear vulnerable in the party s leadership election which was scheduled for 28 november 2002 1 three hours after sharon announced the snap election former prime minister and party leader benjamin netanyahu declared his candidacy for the leadership election 2 sharon defeated netanyahu and moshe feiglin in the election winning 55 of the vote to netanyahu s 40 and feiglin s 3 3 formation of meretz democratic choice shahar edit in 2002 beilin founded the extraparliamentary shahar movement whose stated purpose was to unite israel s left wing parties 4 beilin initially remained in the labor party but secured a low slot on the party s electoral list in the 2003 primaries and thus left the party with yael dayan the two ran on a joint list with meretz and the democratic choice as representatives of the shahar movement beilin and dayan were given the 11th and 12th slots on the joint list 5 6 tal law and its implications edit on 23 july 2002 the knesset approved the tal law as an attempt to reach a compromise to the public demand that the israeli ultra orthodox citizens would share an equal extent of obligations which other israeli citizens are required to fulfill specifically requiring them to serve in the israel defense forces the coalition upheavals delayed the initial adoption of the tal law the adoption of the law which in practice legitimized the existing massive draft dodging within the ultra orthodox community while giving them the option to work for a whole year after they get to the age of 18 and afterwards giving them the option to choose whether to join the military or civilian service or return to the yeshiva caused a significant strengthening of contempt among the israeli public towards the ultra orthodox community as most non muslim non ultra orthodox israelis are obligated to serve in the military for several years when they reach age 18 the main effect the tal law had in this elections was a significant strengthening to the shinui party ariel sharon s investigations edit the likud party chairman ariel sharon in late 1999 during ariel sharon s election campaign for the likud leadership sharon collected donations totaling six million nis in ways that were prohibited under the law regulating the funding of political parties the comptroller s report published in early september 2001 7 stated that these contributions were breaking the law a previous similar complaint against netanyahu led to the issuing of a warning and a similar complaint against ehud barak even led to an investigation regarding the organizations that helped him get elected as a result sharon returned 1 5 million nis to the donors on october 4 but had difficulties in raising the more funds on october 22 sharon s son gilad was able to get a loan at a relatively high interest from bank leumi and then made contact with the south african businessman cyril kern who gave him a loan for the rest of the balance on november 30 even though the money was actually transferred only on 17 january 2002 cyril kern s money was transferred to the israel discount bank on 30 april 2002 and was returned to cyril kern on 17 december these facts coupled with the lack of clarity regarding the extent of cyril kern s businesses in israel became political dynamite and were investigated during the election campaign by the state attorney s office on 6 january 2003 the details of the affair were revealed by haaretz it turned out later on that the attorney liora glatt berkowitz who was in charge of the investigation leaked the information the exposure of the affair caused a political storm and led to calls for the resignation of ariel sharon from the opposition on the other hand likud members alleged that the leak of the affair s details was politically motivated and intended to harm sharon s popularity parliament factions edit for a more comprehensive list see list of political parties in israel the table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 15th knesset name ideology symbol leader 1999 result seats at 2002 dissolution votes seats labor meimad social democracy אמת amram mitzna 20 3 a 24 120 25 120 gesher liberal conservatism economic egalitarianism david levy 2 120 2 120 likud national liberalism מחל ariel sharon 14 1 19 120 21 120 shas religious conservatism populism שס eli yishai 13 0 17 120 17 120 meretz social democracy secularism מרצ yossi sarid 7 6 10 120 10 120 yisrael baaliyah russian speakers interests כן natan sharansky 5 1 6 120 6 120 shinui liberalism secularism יש tommy lapid 5 0 6 120 6 120 centre party centrism פה dan meridor 5 0 6 120 2 120 mafdal religious zionism ב zevulun orlev 4 2 5 120 5 120 utj religious conservatism ג yaakov litzman 3 7 5 120 5 120 ra am arab nationalism islamism עם ibrahim sarsur 3 4 5 120 5 120 national union right wing populism national conservatism יט benny elon 3 0 4 120 4 120 hadash communism socialism ו mohammad barakeh 2 6 3 120 3 120 yisrael beiteinu nationalism secularism ל avigdor lieberman 2 6 4 120 4 120 balad arab nationalism pan arabism ד azmi bishara 1 9 2 120 2 120 one nation social democracy democratic socialism ם amir peretz 1 9 2 120 2 120 campaign edit during the campaign meretz attacked shinui previously one of meretz s co founders for being a passing fad party in the same way as dash tzomet and the centre party had been 8 party slogans edit party or alliance original slogan 9 english translation shas למען העתיד של כולנו for all our futures meretz יש לנו מרצ לעשות we have the energy meretz to do this yisrael baaliyah שרנסקי ימין שפוי נקי sharansky right wing sane clean shinui חייבים שינוי בממשלה we need change shinui in the government mafdal שומרים על הבית שלנו guarding our home utj כדי שנוכל לחיות כאן so we can live here national union האיחוד הלאומי יהדות עם בטחון the national union judaism with security רק ליברמן יכול עליהם only lieberman can do it hadash ta al אין דמוקרטיה בלי שוויון there is no democracy without equality one nation המפלגה החברתית היחידה בישראל the only social party in israel results edit party votes seats likud 925 279 29 39 38 19 labor meimad 455 183 14 46 19 6 shinui 386 535 12 28 15 9 shas 258 879 8 22 11 6 national union 173 973 5 53 7 1 meretz democratic choice shahar 164 122 5 21 6 4 national religious party 132 370 4 20 6 1 united torah judaism 135 087 4 29 5 0 hadash ta al 93 819 2 98 3 0 one nation 86 808 2 76 3 1 balad 71 299 2 26 3 1 yisrael baaliyah 67 719 2 15 2 4 united arab list 65 551 2 08 2 3 ale yarok 37 855 1 20 0 0 herut the national movement 36 202 1 15 0 new progressive national alliance 20 571 0 65 0 new the greens 12 833 0 41 0 0 yisrael aheret 7 144 0 23 0 new ahavat yisrael 5 468 0 17 0 new tzomet 2 023 0 06 0 0 centre party 1 961 0 06 0 6 da am workers party 1 925 0 06 0 0 citizen and state 1 566 0 05 0 new man s rights in the family party 1 284 0 04 0 0 lahava 1 181 0 04 0 new za am 894 0 03 0 new leader 833 0 03 0 new total 3 148 364 100 00 120 0 valid votes 3 148 364 98 36 invalid blank votes 52 409 1 64 total votes 3 200 773 100 00 registered voters turnout 4 720 079 67 81 source israel democracy institute aftermath edit apart from likud s clear victory the election was also a success for the secularist shinui 10 11 despite gains by the right in the election multiple polls showed strong public support for policies advocated by the left such as dismantling settlements unilaterally withdrawing from gaza and creating a palestinian state 10 ariel sharon formed the 30th government on 28 february 2003 his coalition initially included just shinui and the national union although yisrael baaliyah had merged into likud soon after the election on 3 march the national religious party joined the government sharon s decision to implement the gaza disengagement plan led to the national union and the national religious party leaving the coalition during june and november 2004 respectively shinui left the government in december 2004 following disagreements over the budget the party later disintegrated following a disputed leadership election with eleven mks leaving to form the secular faction and one left to establish haolim which merged into the national union two mks later left the secular faction to establish national home labor meimad joined the coalition in january 2005 with agudat yisrael added to the government in march 2005 labor meimad later pulled out in november that year the same month in which sharon led a breakaway of fourteen mks from likud to form kadima likud left the coalition in january 2006 following sharon s stroke ehud olmert took over as acting prime minister the knesset term also saw one of one nation s mks leave to form noy before joining likud one nation then merged into labor yisrael beiteinu broke away from the national union whilst two mks left the national religious party to establish the renewed religious national zionist party prior to the 2006 elections united torah judaism split into agudat yisrael three seats and degel hatorah two seats whilst ta al one seat broke away from hadash see also edit list of members of the sixteenth knesset 2002 israeli labor party primary party lists for the 2003 israeli legislative election notes edit labor meimad and gesher ran as a joint list called one israel references edit kenig ofer 2009 democratizing party leadership selection in israel a balance sheet israel studies forum 24 1 62 81 issn 1557 2455 jstor 41805011 retrieved 25 january 2022 goodspeed peter november 6 2002 sharon calls snap election leadership race national post retrieved 5 november 2022 via newspapers com bahur diana 2002 11 29 ניצחון מוחץ לשרון בפריימריס ynet in hebrew retrieved 2022 11 24 somfalvi attila 2002 06 03 ביילין מקים תנועת שלום אחת לכל השמאל ynet in hebrew retrieved 2026 06 14 shmueli smadar lubich vered 2002 12 12 ביילין ודיין מצטרפים למרצ ynet in hebrew retrieved 2026 06 14 בחירות 2003 israel democracy institute in hebrew retrieved 2026 06 14 דוח מבקר המדינה בחירות לראשות הממשלה 2001 meretz is a mindset in hebrew 2003 retrieved 2025 12 31 via youtube סיסמאות בפוליטיקה הישראלית hebrew wikiquote retrieved 28 december 2025 1 2 james bennet january 29 2003 israeli voters hand sharon strong victory the new york times challenge begins for shinui 29 january 2003 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