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ogan among other leaders at the european people s party congress in 2009 in 2005 the party was granted observer membership in the european people s party epp in november 2013 the party left the epp to join the alliance of european conservatives and reformists now european conservatives and reformists party instead 110 this move was attributed to the akp s disappointment not to be granted full membership in the epp while it was admitted as a full member of the aecr 111 it drew criticism in both national and european discourses as the driving force of turkey s aspirations to become a member of the european union decided to join a largely soft euroscepticism alliance abandoning the more influential pro european epp feeding suspicions that akp wants to join a watered down not a closely integrated eu 112 the akp withdrew from aecr in 2018 the akp has been seen to be soft eurosceptic 115 legislation and positions edit from 2002 to 2011 the party passed series of reforms to increase accessibility to healthcare and housing distribute food subsidies increased funding for students improved infrastructure in poorer districts and improved rights for religious and ethnic minorities akp is also widely accredited for overcoming the 2001 turkish economic crisis by following international monetary fund guidelines as well as successfully weathering the 2008 financial crisis from 2002 to 2011 the turkish economy grew on average by 7 5 percent annually thanks to lower inflation and interest rates the government under akp also backed extensive privatization programs in fact 88 of the privatizations in turkey were carried out under akp rule 116 the average income in turkey rose from 2 800 u s in 2001 to around 10 000 u s in 2011 higher than income in some of the new eu member states other reforms included increasing civilian representation over military in areas of national security education and media and grant broadcasting and increased cultural rights to kurds on cyprus akp supported unification of cyprus something deeply opposed by the turkish military other akp reforms included lifting bans on religious and conservative dress such as headscarves in universities and public institutions akp also ended discrimination against students from religious high schools who previously had to meet additional criteria in areas of education and upon entry to universities akp is also accredited for bringing the turkish military under civilian rule a paradigm shift for a country that had experienced constant military meddling for almost a century 94 more recently nationwide protests broke out against the alleged authoritarianism of the akp in 2013 with the party s perceived heavy handed response receiving western condemnation and stalling the party s once championed eu accession negotiations 117 in addition to its alleged attempts to promote islamism the party is accused by some of restricting some civil liberties and internet use in turkey having temporarily blocked access to twitter and youtube in march 2014 118 especially after the government corruption scandal involving several akp ministers in 2013 the party has been increasingly accused of crony capitalism 119 the akp favors a strong centralized leadership having long advocated for a presidential system of government and significantly reduced the number of elected local government positions in 2013 120 criticism edit critics have accused the akp of having a hidden agenda despite their public endorsement of secularism and the party maintains informal relations and support for the muslim brotherhood 36 both the party s domestic and foreign policy has been perceived to be pan islamist or neo ottoman advocating a revival of ottoman culture often at the expense of secular republican principles 121 while increasing regional presence in former ottoman territories 17 122 123 the akp has been criticized for supporting a large scale purge of thousands of academics after the failed coup attempt in 2016 on the first day of school after the failed coup d état primary lower secondary and secondary school students were forced to watch videos about the triumph of democracy over the plotters and listen to speeches equating the civilian counter coup that thwarted the takeover with historic ottoman victories dating back 1 000 years campaigns have been organized to secure the release of higher education personnel and to have the charges against them dropped for peacefully exercising their academic freedom 124 imprisonment of political activists continues while the chair of amnesty turkey has been jailed for standing up to the akp on trumped up terrorism charges these charges have drawn condemnation from many western countries including from the us state department the eu as well as from international and domestic human rights organisations 125 the party has also been criticized by turkish and international lgbt rights groups including kaos gl for homophobic statements made by some akp politicians and for what they argue has become a repressive climate for lgbt rights in turkey under the akp in 2002 before his election erdoğan said that homosexuals must be legally protected within the framework of their rights and freedoms 126 127 in 2011 akp minister for families and social policy fatma şahin said the akp government would be willing to work with lgbt rights groups to advance laws protecting turkey s gay community 128 however commentators have argued the akp has taken an increasingly hardline stance on lgbt issues since coming to power which has been characterized variously as part of a general trend towards authoritarianism under the akp or as motivated by islamic and militant nationalist sentiments within the party 129 in 2012 the akp voted against a proposal by the bdp to include legalization of same sex marriage in the redrafted turkish constitution and in 2013 blocked a research motion in the parliament of turkey on having a parliamentary debate regarding lgbt rights during the latter debate akp mp türkan dağoğlu stated homosexuality is an abnormality same sex marriages may not be allowed it would cause social deterioration this prompted criticism from some opposition politicians 130 in 2017 erdogan stated that the principle of lgbt rights was against the values of our nation and in 2020 endorsed controversial anti gay statements made by muslim scholar ali erbaş which had received condemnation from some turkish lawyers and human rights groups 131 in 2021 akp vice chairman and interior minister suleyman soylu declared lgbt people to be perverts turkish constitutional law experts sule ozsoy boyunsuz and serkan koybasi have described public statements on gay people made by akp politicians as both constituting as hate speech and contradicting the principle of turkey s policy of secularism political scientist mine eder has argued that turkey has experienced a backslide on acceptance and government anti discrimination support for homosexuals under erdogan 132 133 2013 corruption scandal edit main article 2013 corruption scandal in turkey the 2013 corruption scandal was a criminal investigation that involved several key people in the turkish government all of the 52 people detained on 17 december were connected in various ways with the ruling justice and development party prosecutors accused 14 people including suleyman aslan the director of state owned halkbank iranian businessman reza zarrab and several family members of cabinet ministers of bribery corruption fraud money laundering and gold smuggling 134 at the heart of the scandal was an alleged gas for gold scheme with iran involving aslan who had us 4 5 million in cash stored in shoeboxes in his home and zarrab who was involved in about us 9 6 billion of gold trading in 2012 both men were arrested 135 the scheme started after turkish government officials found a loophole in the u s sanctions against iran that allowed them to access iranian oil and gas the turks exported some us 13 billion of gold to iran directly or through the uae between march 2012 and july 2013 in return the turks received iranian natural gas and oil the transactions were carried out through the turkish state owned bank halkbank in january 2013 the obama administration decided to close this loophole but instead of immediately charging halkbank the u s government allowed its gold trading activities to continue until july 2013 because turkey was an important ally regarding the american led intervention in the syrian civil war and the u s had been working on a nuclear deal with iran 135 then prime minister erdogan now president of turkey was on a tour of pakistan when the scandal broke which analysts believe changed the response of the akp or influenced those with the tapes to leak them at a time when erdoğan was visiting an ally pakistan 136 use of internet trolls edit main article ak trolls 2025 protests edit main articles arrest of ekrem i̇mamoğlu and 2025 turkish protests widespread protests began throughout turkey on 19 march 2025 following the detention and arrest of istanbul mayor ekrem i̇mamoğlu and more than 100 other opposition members and protesters by turkish authorities the gatherings represented significant public opposition to what participants characterized as politically motivated legal actions against i̇mamoğlu who was the primary opposition candidate for the 2028 turkish presidential election and incumbent turkish president recep tayyip erdoğan s main political rival the protests have been characterized as the nation s largest since the so called gezi park protests in 2013 party leaders edit no portrait leader birth death constituency took office left office term length leadership elections 1 erdoğan recep recep tayyip erdoğan born 1954 siirt 2003 i̇stanbul i 2007 2011 14 august 2001 27 august 2014 13 years 13 days 2003 ordinary congress 2006 ordinary congress 2009 ordinary congress 2012 ordinary congress 2 davutoğlu ahmet ahmet davutoğlu born 1959 konya 27 august 2014 22 may 2016 1 year 269 days 2014 extraordinary congress 2015 ordinary congress 3 yıldırım binali binali yıldırım born 1955 i̇stanbul i 2002 erzincan 2007 i̇zmir ii 2011 i̇zmir i nov 2015 2018 22 may 2016 21 may 2017 364 days 2016 extraordinary congress 1 erdoğan recep recep tayyip erdoğan born 1954 incumbent president 21 may 2017 incumbent 9 years 144 days 2017 extraordinary congress 2018 ordinary congress 2021 ordinary congress 2025 ordinary congress election results edit presidential elections edit presidential election record of the justice and development party akp election candidate first round second round outcome map votes votes 10 august 2014 recep tayyip erdoğan 21 000 143 51 79 n a n a 1st 24 june 2018 recep tayyip erdoğan 26 330 823 52 59 n a n a 1st 14 may 2023 recep tayyip erdoğan 27 133 849 49 52 27 834 589 52 18 1st general elections edit general election record of the justice and development party akp 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 election leader vote seats result position map 3 november 2002 recep tayyip erdoğan 10 808 229 363 550 363 34 28 34 28 pp majority government 22 july 2007 16 327 291 341 550 22 46 58 12 30 pp majority government 12 june 2011 21 399 082 327 550 14 49 83 3 25 pp majority government 7 june 2015 ahmet davutoğlu 18 867 411 258 550 69 40 87 8 96 pp coalition government 1 november 2015 23 681 926 317 550 59 49 50 8 63 pp majority government 24 june 2018 recep tayyip erdoğan 21 338 693 295 600 21 42 56 6 94 pp government b 14 may 2023 19 392 462 268 600 27 35 62 6 94 pp government b to be determined by elections edit election candidates votes seats map 9 march 2003 recep tayyip erdoğan 1st öner gülyeşil 2nd öner ergenç 3rd 55 203 84 82 3 3 local elections edit local election record of the justice and development party akp election leader metropolitan district municipal provincial map vote mayors vote mayors vote councillors vote councillors 28 march 2004 recep tayyip erdoğan 46 07 4 822 636 12 16 40 19 9 674 306 1 750 3 193 40 33 9 635 145 16 637 34 477 41 67 13 447 287 2 276 3 208 29 march 2009 42 19 7 672 280 10 16 38 64 12 449 187 1 442 2 903 38 16 12 237 325 14 732 32 393 38 39 15 353 553 1 889 3 281 30 march 2014 45 54 15 898 025 18 30 43 13 17 952 504 800 1 351 42 87 17 802 976 10 530 20 500 45 43 4 622 484 779 1 251 31 march 2019 44 29 16 000 992 15 30 42 55 18 368 421 762 1 351 42 56 18 299 576 10 175 20 500 41 61 4 371 692 757 1 251 31 march 2024 36 44 13 037 120 12 30 33 05 14 224 559 526 1 356 32 38 13 874 511 8 174 20 953 32 16 3 304 092 592 1 282 re runs edit election candidate votes outcome map 23 june 2019 binali yıldırım 3 936 068 45 00 2nd referendums edit election date party leader yes vote percentage no vote percentage akp s support 21 october 2007 recep tayyip erdoğan 19 422 714 68 95 8 744 947 31 05 yes 12 september 2010 recep tayyip erdoğan 21 789 180 57 88 15 854 113 42 12 yes 16 april 2017 binali yıldırım 25 157 025 51 41 23 777 091 48 59 yes see also edit conservatism portal islam portal politics portal turkey portal erdoğanism grand national assembly of turkey list of political parties in turkey politics of turkey conservatism in turkey parliamentary terms of turkey footnotes edit ak parti̇ in all capital letters is the self declared abbreviation of the name of the party as stated in article 3 of the party charter 2 while akp is mostly preferred by its opponents the supporters prefer ak parti̇ since the word ak in turkish means white clean or unblemished lending a positive impression 3 the chief public prosecutor of the supreme court of appeals initially used akp but after an objection from the party 4 akp was replaced with adalet ve kalkınma partisi without abbreviation in documents 1 2 minority in the legislature due to the presidential system the president does not need a majority to form a government references edit 1 2 official outlet twitter ak parti̇ tüzüğü ak parti̇ statutes pdf in turkish adalet ve kalkınma partisi retrieved 23 september 2014 less than white the economist 18 september 2008 retrieved 22 september 2008 ak parti mi akp mi ak parti or akp habertürk in turkish 5 june 2009 retrieved 10 august 2009 ebru toktar and ersin bal laiklik anlayışlarımız farklı archived 12 may 2011 at the wayback machine in turkish akşam 7 may 2008 ak parti̇ in turkish yargitaycb gov tr retrieved 1 february 2020 hüseyin şengül akp mi ak parti mi in turkish bianet org retrieved 25 april 2018 adalet ve kalkınma partisi in turkish court of cassation retrieved 3 february 2025 1 2 erdoğan s triumph financial times 24 july 2007 archived from the original on 7 march 2021 retrieved 24 july 2017 the ak party is now a national conservative party albeit rebalancing power away from the westernised urban elite and towards turkey s traditional heartland of anatolia as well as the muslim equivalent of europe s christian democrats 1 2 abbas tahir 2016 contemporary turkey in conflict edinburgh university press 1 2 bayat asef 2013 post islamism oxford ...