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ican physical society from 1993 to 2021 he served as the founding director of the institute for gravitation and the cosmos at penn state 5 6 7 early life and education edit ashtekar was born in shirpur india on july 5 1949 his father was a senior civil servant and the family relocated frequently he lived in six towns in maharashtra before completing high school in kolhapur in 1965 he ranked among the top 15 students in the maharashtra state examination and received a national merit scholarship 8 although selected to attend the indian institutes of technology ashtekar chose to pursue pure science and enrolled at the institute of science bombay he graduated with honors from the university of bombay majoring in physics with a minor in mathematics during this period he was mentored by b m udgaonkar and s m chitre at the tata institute of fundamental research as an undergraduate he identified a small error in the feynman lectures on physics and corresponded with richard feynman who acknowledged the mistake 6 career edit ashtekar developed an interest in general relativity and cosmology and applied to the university of texas at austin despite not holding a master s degree he was admitted to the ph d program in physics in 1969 9 he worked under the supervision of robert geroch and later moved with him to the university of chicago where the relativity group was led by subrahmanyan chandrasekhar he completed his ph d in 1974 10 he subsequently held postdoctoral positions at the mathematical institute university of oxford working with roger penrose and at the enrico fermi institute at the university of chicago 5 at oxford he developed an algebraic approach to quantum field theory in curved spacetime and with richard hansen analyzed the asymptotic structure of the gravitational field 11 academic appointments edit ashtekar joined the university of clermont ferrand in france as professeur associé where he worked on gravitational waves and introduced elements of asymptotic quantization 12 in 1980 he was appointed assistant professor at syracuse university under a national science foundation initiative he was promoted to associate professor in 1982 professor in 1984 distinguished professor in 1988 and erastus franklin holden professor in 1992 13 in 1983 he accepted an appointment to the chaire de gravitation at pierre et marie curie université in paris but chose to return to syracuse university in 1986 14 in 1993 ashtekar joined pennsylvania state university as eberly chair in physics and established a new center for gravitation in 1999 he declined an offer of a directorship at the max planck institute for gravitational physics in germany he has remained at penn state since 1993 15 institute for gravitation and the cosmos edit in 2001 ashtekar chaired the executive committee of a second center at penn state focused on gravitational wave physics it was funded by the national science foundation in the very first year of their physics frontier centers initiative 16 the two centers became part of the institute for gravitation and the cosmos igc which expanded to include cosmology and multimessenger astronomy and astrophysics ashtekar served as director of the igc and its predecessor centers from 1993 until stepping down in 2021 17 18 research edit classical general relativity edit ashtekar s work in classical general relativity includes studies of the asymptotic structure of spacetime gravitational radiation and black hole dynamics with collaborators including richard hansen and anne magnon he identified the asymptotic symmetry group at spatial infinity known as the spi group and analyzed associated conserved quantities especially the subtleties in the notion of angular momentum of space times with gravitational waves 19 20 his research on gravitational waves demonstrated that their physical content is encoded in the curvature of a connection defined on penrose s conformal boundary of spacetime 21 these ideas provided the foundation for later work on infrared effects gravitational memory and celestial holography and recent efforts to improve gravitational waveform modeling for ligo virgo data analysis 22 ashtekar and collaborators including badri krishnan introduced quasi local horizons including isolated and dynamical horizons which are now widely used in numerical simulations of black hole formation and mergers and in investigations of the black hole evaporation due to emission of quantum radiation discovered by stephen hawking 23 he has also studied asymptotic properties of gravitational fields in spacetimes with nonzero cosmological constant 24 quantum gravity and ashtekar variables edit ashtekar s research on quantum gravity began with work on quantum field theory in curved spacetime including algebraic and kähler geometric methods in the 1980s he developed a non perturbative quantization of the radiative modes of gravity and identified connections between infrared issues and asymptotic symmetries 25 in 1986 he reformulated general relativity using self dual connections now known as ashtekar variables this reformulation simplified einstein s equations and cast general relativity in a gauge theoretic form enabling the development of loop quantum gravity 26 in 2011 the international conference loops 11 celebrating 25 years of loop quantum gravity was held in madrid to commemorate the 25th anniversary of ashtekar s landmark paper introducing the variables that helped launch the loop quantum gravity research program 27 loop quantum gravity and cosmology edit loop quantum gravity predicts a quantum geometry in which geometric operators corresponding to area and volume have discrete spectra 28 29 the theory was further developed by numerous researchers including ivan agullo jerzy lewandowski carlo rovelli lee smolin and thomas thiemann many of whom are former members of ashtekar s research group and by their own students 30 in loop quantum cosmology ashtekar and collaborators showed that quantum geometric effects resolve the classical big bang singularity replacing it with a cosmological bounce 31 they also showed that these quantum geometric effects can modify the evolution of primordial perturbations and may leave observable imprints in the cosmic microwave background potentially accounting for certain large scale anomalies 32 in black hole physics loop quantum gravity provides a microscopic account of black hole entropy 33 34 it has also been applied to the study of black hole evaporation through frameworks based on quantum geometry and quasi local or isolated horizons 35 outreach service and mentoring edit ashtekar founded the frontiers of science public lecture series at penn state which has been held annually for more than three decades and was renamed the ashtekar lectures on frontiers of science in 2020 36 he has served as president of the international society on general relativity and gravitation and as chair of the division of gravitational physics of the american physical society 37 38 he has served on editorial boards of major journals and was editor in chief of general relativity and gravitation a centenary perspective 7 the american institute of physics conducted an oral history interview with ashtekar for the niels bohr library in 2021 10 he has mentored over 100 postdocs and graduate students including 39 postdoctoral researchers laurent freidel professor perimeter institute waterloo canada viqar husain professor department of mathematics and statistics university of new brunswick canada jerzy lewandowski chair of gravitation university of warsaw poland renate loll professor of theoretical physics radboud university the netherlands jorma louko professor of mathematical physics university of nottingham uk donald marolf professor physics department university of california santa barbara usa josé mourão professor and chair mathematics department university of lisbon portugal jorge pullin professor and hearne chair louisiana state university usa thomas thiemann professor chair of theoretical physics friedrich alexander universität germany ph d students alejandro corichi professor national autonomous university of mexico unam jonathan engle professor florida atlantic university usa stephen fairhurst professor cardiff university uk spokesperson of the ligo scientific collaboration kirill krasnov professor of mathematical physics university of nottingham uk badri krishnan professor and chair fundamental physics from strong gravity radboud university the netherlands david sloan chief scientific officer fundamental questions institute chris van den broeck professor utrecht university the netherlands edward wilson ewing professor department of mathematics and statistics university of new brunswick canada selected honors and awards edit einstein prize american physical society 2019 40 member united states national academy of sciences 2016 fellow of the international society on general relativity and gravitation 2016 distinguished visiting research professor perimeter institute canada 2014 honorary doctorate dr rer nat h c aix marseille university 2010 fellow american association for the advancement of science 2008 president international society on general relativity and gravitation 2007 2010 kramers chair in theoretical physics university of utrecht 2006 sir c v raman chair indian academy of sciences 2004 2005 honorary doctorate dr rer nat h c friedrich schiller university jena 2005 senior forschungspreis alexander von humboldt foundation 2004 foreign fellow indian national academy of sciences 1997 fellow american physical society 1997 honorary fellow indian academy of sciences 1996 alfred p sloan research fellowship 1981 1985 first prize gravity research foundation 1977 selected publications edit ashtekar and a magnon translation from french of elie cartan s work sur les varietes a connexion affine et la relativite generale with a commentary and foreword by a trautman bibliopolis naples 1986 199 pages ashtekar and j stachel editors conceptual problems of quantum gravity proceedings of the 1988 osgood hill conference birkhauser n y 1991 602 pages ashtekar lectures on non perturbative canonical gravity notes prepared in collaboration with r s tate world scientific singapore 1991 334 pages ashtekar editor 100 years of relativity spacetime structure einstein and beyond world scientific singapore 2005 ashtekar editor in chief b berger j isenberg and m a h maccallum editors general relativity and gravitation a centenary perspective commissioned by the international society on general relativity and gravitation to celebrate the 100th anniversary of einstein s discovery of general relativity cambridge university press cambridge 2015 books edit a magnon and a ashtekar translation from french of élie cartan s work sur les variétés à connexion affine et la théorie de la relativité généralisée with a commentary and foreword by a trautman bibliopolis naples 1986 199 pages a ashtekar asymptotic quantization bibliopolis naples 1987 107 pages a ashtekar with invited contributions new perspectives in canonical gravity bibliopolis naples 1988 324 pages a ashtekar and j stachel editors conceptual problems of quantum gravity proceedings of the 1988 osgood hill conference birkhauser n y 1991 602 pages a ashtekar lectures on non perturbative canonical gravity notes prepared in collaboration with r s tate world scientific singapore 1991 334 pages a ashtekar r c cohen d howard j renn s sarkar and a shimony editors revisiting the foundations of relativistic physics festschrift in honor of john stachel boston studies in philosophy of science volume 234 kluwer academic 2003 see also edit list of loop quantum gravity researchers big bounce carlo rovelli lee smolin martin bojowald references edit watch episode 1 interview with prof abhay ashtekar early life realization of universality of physics video youtube com intellectual rigour 16 june 2025 1 2 indian american professor abhay ashtekar wins einstein prize 7 facts about the physicist 1 2 institute for gravitation and the cosmos retrieved 12 september 2024 1 2 center for fundamental theory retrieved 12 september 2024 1 2 glanz james 20 april 1999 science at work page 3 the new york times retrieved 23 april 2010 1 2 glanz james 20 april 1999 science at work page 1 the new york times retrieved 23 april 2010 1 2 may 3 2016 nas members and foreign associates elected archived from the original on 6 may 2016 retrieved 4 may 2016 glanz james 20 april 1999 science at work page 2 the new york times retrieved 23 april 2010 ashtekar abhay berger beverly k isenberg james maccallum malcolm a h 2014 general relativity and gravitation a centennial perspective arxiv 1409 5823 gr qc 1 2 ashtekar abhay on 2021 february 3 aip sacco laurent 11 january 2023 la cosmologie quantique à boucles bientôt démontrée les explications de abhay ashtekar futura in french retrieved 26 february 2026 ashtekar abhay dray tevian 1 december 1981 on the existence of solutions to einstein s equation with non zero bondi news communications in mathematical physics 79 4 581 599 bibcode 1981cmaph 79 581a doi 10 1007 bf01209313 issn 1432 0916 awards global energy 16 october 2024 abhay ashtekar gravitational waves best researcher award global energy awards retrieved 26 february 2026 kaufman ron physicist to move from syracuse to penn state to head new center the scientist retrieved 26 february 2026 ramesh sandhya 17 october 2018 mumbai physicist who devised mathematical way to define einstein prediction wins top prize theprint archived from the original on 27 march 2023 retrieved 26 february 2026 einstein prize winning indo american professor abhay ashtekar talks gravity physics technology news firstpost tech2 16 october 2018 archived from the original on 2 august 2020 retrieved 26 february 2026 gravitational waves detected 100 years after einstein s prediction penn state university www psu edu 11 february 2016 retrieved 26 february 2026 nobel winner penrose has long standing ties to penn state penn state university www psu edu 7 october 2020 retrieved 26 february 2026 ashtekar abhay hansen r o 1 july 1978 a unified treatment of null and spatial infinity in general relativity i universal structure asymptotic symmetries and conserved quantities at spatial infinity journal of mathematical physics 19 7 1542 1566 bibcode 1978jmp 19 1542a doi 10 1063 1 523863 issn 0022 2488 schneider berend khera neev 12 november 2025 from spatial to null infinity connecting initial data to peeling physical review d 112 10 104024 arxiv 2507 07977 bibcode 2025phrvd 112j4024s doi 10 1103 hcx1 hcf9 issn 2470 0010 black holes everywhere ten years of ligo and gravitational waves penn state university www psu edu 10 september 2025 retrieved 26 february 2026 prof abhay ashtekar in conversation with prof martin hendry ligo india 14 september 2021 retrieved 26 february 2026 ashtekar abhay krishnan badri 28 july 2025 quasi local black hole horizons recent advances living revie...