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academese wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 related concepts 2 history examples of usage and criticism 3 purpose and characteristics 4 see also 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents academese add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jargon used in academia academese is the unnecessary use of jargon in academia particularly in academic writing in social science and humanities it is contrasted with plain language 1 1 2 3 29 4 5 73 75 the term is often but not always pejorative and occasionally can be used to refer to complex but necessary terminology 5 69 72 6 critics of academese argue that it usually creates unnecessary difficulty in communication with the harshest critics arguing this is intentional with writers aiming to impress the readers and hide the fact that they are not saying anything of substance 3 6 1 1 5 73 74 related concepts edit in the context of medical sciences a similar term medicalese exists likewise legal science jargon is called legalese 1 1 6 7 8 in the context of the english language the term engfish has also been used sounds like english but stinks like a fish 3 6 another related and highly pejorative term is academic bullshit 3 44 history examples of usage and criticism edit the usage of the word in english has been traced to at least 1917 and is attributed to will durant who in his philosophy and the social problem defined it as an opposite of plain language 3 29 academic writing particularly in the fields of art and literary criticism was the subject of criticism by george orwell in his 1946 essay politics and the english language similar criticisms were expressed by steven pinker in his 2014 essay entitled why academics stink at writing 1 1 2 4 in 1985 jacob l mey criticized academese harshly writing that academese is a misuse of language a road block on the way to knowledge erected by the mafia of the pseudo scientists and their linguistic connection it obstructs rather than promotes communication it discriminates against academe s outsiders by ridiculing their ways of expressing themselves 5 75 academese has been partially attributed to the rise of the postmodernist tradition some of the related issues have been popularized by the sokal affair in 1996 alan sokal produced a text that not only exemplifies academese in what might be one of its worst that is most inaccessible forms but also unabashedly mocks anyone who uses it published in a purported academic journal specializing in postmodernist texts and then published a critique of this process in another journal 3 32 34 academese has been criticized through mock awards by several organizations since 1974 the national council of teachers of english has been awarding the doublespeak award an ironic tribute to public speakers who have perpetuated language that is grossly deceptive evasive euphemistic confusing or self centered 3 40 from 1995 to 1998 the journal philosophy and literature sponsored a bad writing contest which lampooned the most stylistically lamentable passages found in scholarly books and articles published in the last few years with philosopher judith butler the winner of that contest in 1998 often cited as one of the most notorious users of academese 1 2 3 40 9 10 11 howard s becker author of several guides on academic writing addressed to young scholars has been described as having an aversion to academese 12 in 2012 mark blyth noted that in order to popularize scientific research scholars need to let go of the academese 2 academese has been criticized in syndicated comic strips including a calvin and hobbes comic originally published in 1993 3 41 13 as well as a strip in piled higher and deeper 3 42 14 academese has been described as a common stereotype of academic writing in general 1 1 purpose and characteristics edit academese has been criticized for being overly complex and for being intentionally complex to impress readers 1 1 academese can also constitute a form of power relations between those who use it and those who do not serving to separate individuals into different groups and discriminate against those who are not fluent in it 5 73 74 conversely academese can help academics recognize one another quickly and help them socialize with one another 5 76 while the term is often seen as pejorative it can be sometimes used in neutral fashion as a synonym to academic writing or jargon in that field some of which is considered necessary to express certain advanced concepts 5 69 72 6 see also edit corporate jargon ethnofiction journalese officialese wooden language references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 biber douglas gray bethany 2016 grammatical complexity in academic english linguistic change in writing cambridge university press isbn 978 1 107 00926 4 1 2 blyth mark 2012 03 09 five minutes with mark blyth turn it into things people can understand let go of the academese and people will engage impact of social sciences archived from the original on 2012 03 22 retrieved 2021 09 01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lockhart heather 2015 academia here i come plain language and academese in the postsecondary academy ma thesis montclair state university 1 2 pinker steven 26 september 2014 why academics stink at writing www chronicle com archived from the original on 2020 09 04 retrieved 2021 09 01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 mey jacob 1985 whose language a study in linguistic pragmatics john benjamins publishing pp 71 77 isbn 978 90 272 5004 9 1 2 3 ekundayo steven omowumi olabode sokari stanley 2019 writing right in academese the language of academic and research report writing pdf clarep journal of english and linguistics 1 31 60 doi 10 56907 gs6bxd76 s2cid 254339258 dead link young meredith e norman geoffrey r humphreys karin r 2008 12 08 the role of medical language in changing public perceptions of illness plos one 3 12 e3875 bibcode 2008ploso 3 3875y doi 10 1371 journal pone 0003875 issn 1932 6203 pmc 2587237 pmid 19060953 baron joanne 2016 patron gods and patron lords the semiotics of classic maya community cults university press of colorado isbn 978 1 60732 518 5 the bad writing contest 2020 12 08 archived from the original on 2020 12 08 retrieved 2021 09 02 the world s worst writing the guardian 1999 12 24 retrieved 2021 09 02 birkenstein cathy 2010 we got the wrong gal rethinking the bad academic writing of judith butler college english 72 3 269 283 doi 10 58680 ce20109436 issn 0010 0994 jstor 25653028 charney davida 1986 review of writing for social scientists how to start and finish your thesis book or article rhetoric society quarterly 16 4 313 316 doi 10 1080 02773948609390757 issn 0277 3945 jstor 3885547 watterson bill 2013 02 14 calvin and hobbes by bill watterson for february 14 2013 gocomics com gocomics retrieved 2021 09 02 phd comics deciphering academese phdcomics com retrieved 2021 09 02 external links edit look up academese in wiktionary the free dictionary martinez shantel 2013 10 01 tongue tied resisting academese cultural studies critical methodologies 13 5 379 382 doi 10 1177 1532708613496381 issn 1532 7086 s2cid 144162165 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title academese oldid 1357064936 categories jargon criticism of science pejorative terms hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from july 2022 this page was last edited on 31 may 2026 at 15 17 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents academese add languages add topic