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is chalk actor cylk cozart director and actor cleavant derricks singer and actor jermaine dupri music executive elizabeth harden gilmore activist nikki giovanni poet mr mack rapper isaiah rashad singer valaida snow jazz musician clyde stubblefield drummer leon sullivan minister and activist frank x walker poet booker t washington educator and author nina simone 54 composer concert pianist singer songwriter civil rights activist see also edit melungeons a mixed race group of affrilachians and white appalachians carmel melungeons chestnut ridge people black ozarkers commonly descended from affrilachians creoles of color gullah people black southerners appalachian americans notes edit counties were compared across ten maps of cultural appalachia if a county appears in all ten definitions it is marked always included if it appears in at least six it is marked usually included if it appears in at least two it is marked sometimes included and if it appears in only one it is marked rarely included the ten maps used are cultural definitions from the mapping appalachia interactive map viewer 1896 berea by william g frost and c willard hayes 1918 berea catalog 1921 campbell region 1935 usda small region 1935 usda full region 1962 ford region 1994 salstrom 1996 consensus appalachia from williams 1996 loose appalachia from williams 2002 core appalachia from williams references edit a new diversity race and ethnicity in appalachia the entire african descendent population within the appalachian regional commission s jurisdiction is 1 9 million 1 2 stasio dana terry frank finding affrilachia www wunc org retrieved march 4 2019 cite web cs1 maint multiple names authors list link 1 2 3 i pledge allegiance to affrilachia rewire news february 28 2019 retrieved march 4 2019 naming affrilachia toward rhetorical ecologies of identity performance in appalachia enculturation enculturation net retrieved march 4 2019 1 2 3 spriggs bianca frank x walker exemplar of affrilachia appalachian heritage vol 39 no 4 2011 p 21 25 project muse doi 10 1353 aph 2011 0109 thompson aaron stereotypes of appalachia obscure a diverse picture npr org retrieved march 5 2021 1 2 3 4 5 a new diversity pdf the appalachian regional commission retrieved january 6 2026 hunter madilynn p may 2025 historical narratives in southern appalachia folklore sustainability and the more than human world prescott az prescott college p 1 24 retrieved july 27 2026 1 2 3 turner william h cabbell edward j 1985 blacks in appalachia university press of kentucky p 21 isbn 978 0 8131 0162 0 perdue theda 1985 turner william h cabbell edward j eds blacks in appalachia university press of kentucky p 23 isbn 978 0 8131 0162 0 turner william h cabbell edward j 1985 blacks in appalachia university press of kentucky p 23 24 isbn 978 0 8131 0162 0 snyder christina 2009 the lady of cofitachequi gender and political power among native southerners university press of georgia press p 21 22 1 2 perdue theda 1985 turner william h cabbell edward j eds blacks in appalachia university press of kentucky p 24 isbn 978 0 8131 0162 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 perdue theda 1985 turner william h cabbell edward j eds blacks in appalachia university press of kentucky p 25 isbn 978 0 8131 0162 0 perdue theda 1985 turner william h cabbell edward j eds blacks in appalachia university press of kentucky p 26 isbn 978 0 8131 0162 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 mallinson christine childs becky 2004 the intersection of regional and ethnic identity african american english in appalachia journal of appalachian studies 10 1 university of illinois press 129 142 retrieved july 27 2026 williams heidi coryell january 30 2015 invisible appalachia junaluska our state clemson university clemson south carolina retrieved june 9 2026 rexroad wm d january 30 2015 invisible appalachia junaluska black in appalachia retrieved june 9 2026 1 2 coggeshall john m october 4 2018 the black freedom colonies of appalachia where former slaves could speak their minds zocalo public square clemson university clemson south carolina retrieved june 9 2026 note the above figures are sourced from the appalachian regional council whose jurisdiction and population demographics extends past cultural appalachia frank x walker affrilachian poet educator author of black box buffalo dance the journey of york and affrilachia www frankxwalker com retrieved march 23 2022 books crystal wilkinson retrieved march 4 2021 1 2 black bone the university press of kentucky retrieved march 4 2021 winchester kendra february 11 2022 8 affrilachian poetry collections that need to be on your tbr book riot retrieved july 3 2026 1 2 abramson rudy haskell jean december 8 2025 encyclopedia of appalachia university of tennessee press isbn 979 8 89527 144 5 although most appalachian african americans have historically been baptist many chose the methodist faith of which the african methodist episcopal and african methodist episcopal zion churches are representative while most baptist churches were created through spontaneous organization by local preachers and laity the african zion baptist church of malden west virginia is said to have spawned 286 additional baptist churches in that state the methodist churches were founded through the active planning and missionary efforts of those denominations leonard bill j april 7 2026 christianity in appalachia profiles in regional pluralism university of tennessee press isbn 979 8 89527 219 0 during the first half of the nineteenth century camp meetings and grassroots revivals proliferated throughout the region mountain people became baptists and methodists abramson rudy haskell jean december 8 2025 encyclopedia of appalachia university of tennessee press isbn 979 8 89527 144 5 acclaimed by many as the premier holiness preacher from the south brasher drew upon a repertoire of traditional appalachian tales to augment the eloquent formulaic themes he employed in preaching he served as president of both john h snead seminary a methodist episcopal secondary school in boaz alabama and central holiness university later john fletcher college in oskaloosa iowa his diverse holiness itinerancy took him to primitive brush arbor meetings and to such middle class resort towns as ocean grove new jersey where he shared the preaching with william jennings bryan brasher preached with vigor through his 102nd year and claimed to have expounded the wesleyan doctrine of sanctification longer and later in life than any other person wolfram walt 2013 african american speech in southern appalachia archived 2024 04 14 at the wayback machine in talking appalachian voice identity and community edited by nancy hayward and amy clark pp 81 93 fasold r w wolfram w 1977 appalachian speech arlington va center for applied linguistics center for applied linguistics 1611 n 1 2 3 affrilachian artist project brings together appalachian artists of color bpr february 28 2020 retrieved march 25 2022 nelson katy november 26 2012 growing project showcases black artists in the mountain region carolina public press retrieved march 25 2022 dyer candice artist explores intersection of black culture appalachia the atlanta journal constitution issn 1539 7459 retrieved march 25 2022 1 2 3 4 5 gatlinburg mailing address 107 park headquarters road us tn 37738 phone 865 436 1200 contact african american southern appalachian music great smoky mountains national park u s national park service www nps gov retrieved march 25 2022 cite web cs1 maint numeric names authors list link 1 2 3 affrilachian folk affrilachian folk rampages us retrieved april 13 2021 1 2 chia connie november 12 2014 doug orr african american influence on appalachian music unc press blog retrieved march 25 2022 nonesuch records carolina chocolate drops nonesuch records official website retrieved march 25 2022 simpson john a weiner edmund s c eds 1989 the oxford english dictionary oxford oxford clarendon press isbn 978 0 19 861186 8 djedje jacqueline cogdell 2020 appalachian black fiddling history and creativity african music 11 2 rhodes university press 76 100 retrieved july 27 2026 1 2 3 hay fred j 2003 black musicians in appalachia an introduction to affrilachian music university of illinois press p 11 pearson barry lee 2003 appalachian blues university of illinois press p 28 hay fred j 2003 black musicians in appalachia an introduction to affrilachian music university of illinois press p 12 classic appalachian blues from smithsonian folkways smithsonian folkways recordings washington dc smithsonian institution 2018 retrieved june 10 2026 various artist 2010 1940 classic appalachian blues from smithsonian folkways audio cd southern appalachia smithsonian folkways recordings retrieved june 10 2026 1 2 3 caldwell robin december 18 2019 what it means to eat affrilachian or black and appalachian black southern belle retrieved march 6 2021 a domestic cook book containing a careful selection of useful receipts for the kitchen university of michigan press fulcrum ann arbor mi university of michigan press 2025 retrieved july 27 2026 1 2 russel melinda 1866 a domestic cook book containing a careful selection of useful receipts for the kitchen ann arbor mi university of michigan press p 6 isbn 978 0 472 03964 7 retrieved july 27 2026 cite book isbn date incompatibility help behind the blue poet frank x walker reflects on work as writer professor uknow october 13 2016 retrieved march 4 2021 walker frank x 2000 affrilachia old cove press isbn 978 0 9675424 0 9 members the affrilachian poets retrieved march 4 2019 about keith s wilson clark jacqueline february 20 2019 hidden black history in appalachia the society pages ripon college ripon wisconsin retrieved june 9 2026 marshall megan r 2024 affrilachia unheard voices of appalachia hood university p iv hay fred j 2003 black musicians in appalachia an introduction to affrilachian music university of illinois press p 7 the official home of nina simone the high priestess of soul retrieved august 27 2026 further reading edit affrilachia testimonies november 2024 chris aluka berry et al the university press of kentucky black in appalachia november 2009 william h turner and edward j cabbell the university press of kentucky external links edit affrilachian artist project s facebook page affrilachian heritage trail v t e affrilachians community of black and appalachian americans in the eastern united states language affrilachian african american vernacular english geography appalachian highlands appalachian plateau alleghenies ice mt negro mt blue ridge black mts nc shining rock equa dutsusdu dodalv kuwohi unaka roan unicoi mts cumberland mts and plateau pine mt black mt ky devil s courthouse devil s fork and bathtub devil s marbleyard dolly sods the glades grayson highlands great valley holston valley amoyeli gunahita laurel fork lost sea newman ridge new river valley poor valley red river gorge ridge and valley south sandstone ridges bays mt clinch mt powell mt and valley wallen ridge ruby falls regions republic of watauga state of franklin state of scott trans appalachia old appalachia vandalia westsylvania backcountry barbour co magoffin co watoga state of kanawha modern east kentucky coalfield east tennessee north georgia southwest virginia swva west virginia western north carolina wnc groups by region east tennesseans southwest virginians kentucky coalfielders west north carolinans north georgians west virginians melungeons carmel indians chestnut ridge people black ozarkers diasporic culture west virginia state yellow jackets homestead grays affrilachian music appalachian ballad blues banjo washtub bass affrilachian cuisine domestic cook book roasted candy roaster squash soul food appalachian cuisine buck dancing decoration day emancipation day religion black church ame zion national baptist holiness pentecostalism church of god in christ serpent handling granny magic hoodoo yellowroot writers and artists marie cochran edward wiley ray isaiah rice lyn ford jared maurice arter j r clifford henry louis gates jr stick mcghee poets frank x walker nikki giovanni bessie woodson yancey crystal wilkinson history world war memorial heyward shepherd monument affrilachian historic places in west virginia mechanicsville bluefield green book historic district samuel starks house mattie v lee home west virginia colored children s home indian rocks dining hall booker t washington state park camp washington carver complex antebellum slavery in west virginia plantations virginia argus wappocomo postbellum william washington house george floyd protests north ga east ky coalfields wnc east tn swva wv kanawha co textbook war niagara movement meetings red summer in affrilachia 1919 morgan co race riot knoxville riot of 1919 strauder v west virginia hawks nest tunnel disaster important figures ancella bickley memphis tennessee garrison ash lee henderson lavinia norman booker t washington charles w cansler william henderson franklin cal johnson james herman robinson beny primm lewis woodson samuel w starks ella p stewart lavinia norman henry louis gates jr j r clifford jared maurice arter john h hill william h davis mary e merritt politicians samuel e courtney arthur g froe leon p miller t gillis nutter christopher payne howard railey marie redd william f yardley institutions academic swift memorial college knoxville college knoxville medical college barnett hospital and nursing school bluefield state university storer college west virginia state university austin east high school paw paw black school mt pleasant school religious bethel ame church warner ame zion pleasant green methodist episcopal church henry logan memorial ame church cemeteries freedmen s mission historic cemetery mount pisgah benevolence cemetery beck cultural exchange center bureau of negro welfare and statistics affrilachian newspapers in west virginia west virginia enterprise related topics african diaspora in the americas african americans black indians creoles of color gulluh appalachians black dutch scotch irish americans history culture of africa african american history timeline of african american history atlantic slave trade history of the united states slavery in the united states part of a series on hill people around the world category african american society v t e african americans history timeline american civil war black codes black genocide covid 19 impact emancipation proclamation essence festival of culture george floyd protests great migration second new inauguration of barack obama 2009 2013 harlem renaissance 1969 cultural festival jim crow laws lynching military history million man march nadir of american race relations the negro motorist green book neoabolitionism partus sequitur ventrem reconstruction amendments reconstruction era redlining separate but equal silent parade tulsa race massacre wattstax women s suffrage movement antebellum abolitionism african american founding fathers atlantic slave trade children of the plantation ...