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n production and improving the quality of work more commonly known as the 1979 reform 65 the reform in contrast to the 1965 reform was intended to increase the central government s economic involvement by enhancing the duties and responsibilities of the ministries due to kosygin s resignation in 1980 and because of nikolai tikhonov s conservative approach to economics very little of the reform was actually implemented 66 later life and resignation edit kosygin right shaking hands with romanian communist leader nicolae ceaușescu in 1974 by the early to mid 1970s brezhnev had established a strong enough power base to effectively become leader according to historian ilya zemtsov the author of chernenko the last bolshevik the soviet union on the eve of perestroika kosygin began to lose power with the 24th party congress in 1971 which for the first time publicized the formula the politburo led by brezhnev along with weakening kosygin s position brezhnev moved to strengthen the party s hold on the government apparatus weakening kosygin s position further 67 historian robert wesson the author of lenin s legacy the story of the cpsu notes that kosygin s economic report to the 25th party congress pointed even more clearly to the end of struggle between brezhnev and kosygin 56 kosygin was further pushed aside when brezhnev published his memoirs which stated that brezhnev not kosygin was in charge of all major economic decisions 68 to make matters worse for kosygin brezhnev blocked any future talks on economic reform within the party and government apparatus and information regarding the reform of 1965 was suppressed 56 brezhnev consolidated his own position over the government apparatus by strengthening podgorny s position as chairman of the presidium of the supreme soviet literally head of state by giving the office some of the functions of the premier the 1977 soviet constitution strengthened podgorny s control of the council of ministers by giving the post of head of state some executive powers in fact because of the 1977 soviet constitution the council of ministers became subordinate to the presidium of the supreme soviet 69 when podgorny was replaced as head of state in 1977 by brezhnev kosygin s role in day to day management of government activities was lessened drastically through brezhnev s new found post 70 rumours started circulating within the top circles and on the streets that kosygin would retire due to bad health 67 brezhnev s consolidation of power weakened kosygin s influence and prestige within the politburo kosygin s position was gradually weakened during the 1970s and he was frequently hospitalized 71 on several occasions kiril mazurov the first deputy chairman of the council of ministers had to act on his behalf 71 kosygin suffered his first heart attack in 1976 after this incident it is said that kosygin changed from having a vibrant personality to being tired and fed up he according to people close to him seemed to have lost the will to continue his work he twice filed a letter of resignation between 1976 and 1980 but was turned down on both occasions 15 during kosygin s sick leave brezhnev appointed nikolai tikhonov to the post of first deputy chairman of the council of ministers tikhonov as with brezhnev was a conservative and through his post as first deputy chairman tikhonov was able to reduce kosygin to a standby role at a central committee plenum in june 1980 the soviet economic development plan was outlined by tikhonov not kosygin the powers of the premier diminished to the point where kosygin was forced to discuss all decisions made by the council of ministers with brezhnev 67 death edit kremlin wall necropolis grave of kosygin kosygin was hospitalized in october 1980 during his stay on 23 october he wrote a brief letter of resignation the following day he was deprived of all government protection communication and luxury goods he had earned during his political life when kosygin died on 18 december 1980 in moscow 72 none of his politburo colleagues former aides or security guards visited him at the end of his life kosygin feared the complete failure of the eleventh five year plan 1981 1985 saying that the sitting leadership was reluctant to reform the stagnant soviet economy his funeral was postponed for three days as kosygin died on the eve of brezhnev s birthday and the day of stalin s 73 kosygin was praised by brezhnev as an individual who laboured selflessly for the good of the soviet state 74 a state funeral was conducted and kosygin was honoured by his peers brezhnev yuri andropov and tikhonov laid an urn containing his ashes at the kremlin wall necropolis 2 personality edit compared with other soviet officials kosygin stood out as a pragmatic and relatively independent leader 75 in a description given by an anonymous high ranking gru official kosygin is described as a lonely and somewhat tragic figure who understood our faults and the shortcomings of our situation in general and those in our middle east policy in particular but being a highly restrained man he preferred to be cautious an anonymous former colleague of kosygin said he always had an opinion of his own and defended it he was a very alert man and performed brilliantly during negotiations he was able to cope quickly with the material that was totally new to him i have never seen people of that calibre since 76 canadian prime minister pierre trudeau said kosygin was like khrushchev without the rough edges a fatherly man who was the forerunner of mikhail gorbachev he noted that kosygin was willing to discuss issues so long as the soviet position was not tackled head on 77 former united states secretary of state henry kissinger said that kosygin was devoted nearly fanatically to his work kosygin was viewed by western diplomats as a pragmatist with a glacial exterior who was orthodox if not rigid 78 andrei sakharov a soviet dissident believed kosygin to be the most intelligent and toughest man in the politburo 70 singapore prime minister lee kuan yew remembered kosygin as very quiet spoken but very determined mind of great ability and application 79 us economist david rockefeller described kosygin as a talented manager doing miracles in ruling the clumsy soviet economy 80 legacy edit historical assessments edit kosygin would prove to be a very competent administrator with the soviet standard of living rising considerably due to his moderately reformist policy 18 kosygin s moderate 1965 reform as with nikita khrushchev s thaw radicalized the soviet reform movement while leonid brezhnev was content to maintain the centralized structure of the soviet planned economy kosygin attempted to revitalize the ailing economic system by decentralising management following brezhnev s death in 1982 the reform movement was split between yuri andropov s path of discipline and control and gorbachev s liberalization of all aspects of public life 36 chernenko the last bolshevik the soviet union on the eve of perestroika author ilya zemtsov describes kosygin as determined and intelligent an outstanding administrator and claims he distinguished himself from the other members of the soviet leadership with his extraordinary capacity for work 81 moshe lewin in the soviet century described him as a phenomenal administrator 17 his strength david law writes was his exceptional capability as an administrator according to law kosygin proved himself to be a competent politician also 8 historians evan mawdsley and stephen white claim that brezhnev was unable to remove kosygin because his removal would mean the loss of his last capable administrator 82 in their book the unknown stalin roy medvedev and zhores medvedev called kosygin an outstanding organizer and the new voznesensky 18 historian archie brown the author of the rise fall of communism believes the 1965 soviet economic reform to have been too modest and claimed that kosygin was too much a product of the soviet ministerial system as it evolved under stalin to become a radical economic reformer however brown does believe that kosygin was an able administrator 34 gvishiani a russian historian concluded that kosygin survived both stalin and khrushchev but did not manage to survive brezhnev 2 kosygin was viewed with sympathy by the soviet people and is still presently viewed as an important figure in both russian and soviet history 2 because of kosygin s popularity among the soviet people brezhnev developed a strong jealousy for kosygin according to nikolai egorychev mikhail smirtyukov the former executive officer of the council of ministers recalled that kosygin refused to go drinking with brezhnev a move which annoyed brezhnev gravely 82 nikolai ryzhkov the last chairman of the council of ministers in a speech to the supreme soviet of the soviet union in 1987 referred to the sad experiences of the 1965 reform and claimed that everything went from bad to worse following the reform s cancellation 83 honours edit during his lifetime kosygin received seven orders and two awards from the soviet state 62 he was awarded two hero of socialist labour ussr one being on his 60th birthday by the presidium of the supreme soviet in 1964 on this occasion he was also awarded an order of lenin and a hammer and sickle gold medal on 20 february 1974 to commemorate his 70th birthday the presidium of the supreme soviet awarded him another order of lenin and his second hammer and sickle gold medal in total kosygin was awarded six orders of lenin by the soviet state and one order of the october revolution and one order of the red banner of labour 84 during a state visit to peru in the 1970s with leonid brezhnev and andrei gromyko all three were awarded the grand cross of the order of the sun by president francisco morales bermúdez 85 the moscow state textile university was named in his honour in 1981 in 1982 a bust to honour kosygin was placed in leningrad present day saint petersburg in 2006 the russian government renamed a street after him 84 foreign honours edit bangladesh liberation war honour bangladesh muktijuddho sanmanona notes edit as chairman of the council of ministers russian алексе́й никола́евич косы́гин ipa ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej nʲɪkɐˈla j ɪvʲɪtɕ kɐˈsɨɡʲɪn references edit law 1975 p 214 1 2 3 4 алексей гвишиани не надо жалеть косыгина alex gvishiani do not feel sorry for kosygin in russian pravda online 9 april 2004 p 3 retrieved 4 september 2010 brown archie ed 1990 the soviet union a biographical dictionary london united kingdom george weidenfeld and nicolson ltd p 184 isbn 0 297 82010 9 it was only when khrushchev was removed from all his offices that in october 1964 kosygin finally became chairman of the council of ministers and was seen as one of the top two soviet leaders along with brezhnev who became party chief throughout the remainder of the 1960s kosygin acted like a prime minister in the full sense of the term and it was he who engaged in highest level talks on behalf of the soviet union with u s president lyndon johnson president charles de gaulle of france and with the british prime minister harold wilson it was only from the beginning of the 1970s that brezhnev took over these functions and made increasingly clear that he was the senior partner in the party government duo zubok 2007 p 194 pearson 1998 pp 71 72 mccauley 1993 p 288 mendras marie 1989 policy outside and politics inside in brown archie ed political leadership in the soviet union bloomington indiana indiana university press p 143 isbn 0 253 21228 6 mccauley 1993 p 288 pearson 1998 pp 79 80 brown 2009 p 403 1 2 law 1975 p 221 андриянов виктор 23 august 2003 неизвестный косыгин the unknown kosygin rossiyskaya gazeta in russian retrieved 4 september 2010 1 2 3 4 andrii︠a︡nov viktor ivanovich 2003 kosygin molodai︠a︡ gvardii︠a︡ moskva isbn 5 235 02623 3 oclc 53462401 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link society for contemporary studies 1979 p 15 1 2 3 law 1975 p 222 safire 1988 p 610 1 2 алексей николаевич косыгин alexei nikolayevich kosygin in russian moscow state textile university 27 november 2008 archived from the original on 10 august 2010 retrieved 5 september 2010 1 2 3 4 алексей гвишиани не надо жалеть косыгина alex gvishiani do not feel sorry for kosygin in russian pravda online 9 april 2004 archived from the original on 11 august 2010 retrieved 4 september 2010 1 2 3 rbth timofeychev alexey 24 november 2016 the soviet statesman who had the talent to be boss of ford or gm www rbth com retrieved 18 december 2019 1 2 3 4 lewin 2005 p 248 1 2 3 medvedev medvedev 2006 p 48 lewin 2005 p 95 1 2 suddenly nikita s day was done life 23 october 1964 p 35 hahn werner g 1982 postwar soviet politics the fall of zhdanov and the defeat of moderation 1946 53 ithaca cornell u p p 129 isbn 0 8014 1410 5 khrushchev nikita 1971 khrushchev remembers london sphere pp 222 225 lewin 2005 p 96 taubman william 2005 khrushchev the man his era london simon schuster p 324 isbn 0 7432 7564 0 tatu 1969 pp 93 94 conquest robert 1961 power and policy in the u s s r london macmillan pp 384 387 tatu 1969 pp 284 288 service 2009 p 377 brown 2009 p 402 1 2 3 law 1975 p 211 zemtsov 1989 p 86 zemtsov 1989 p 102 zemtsov 1989 p 103 1 2 3 4 brown 2009 p 403 wesson 1978 p 248 1 2 van dijk 2008 p 525 gibbons 1995 pp 718 719 robbins 2010 p 73 dannenberg 2008 p 33 shapiro harvey d 24 february 1974 alexei kosygin has a friend at chase manhattan the new york times issn 0362 4331 retrieved 18 december 2019 church frank 1971 interview with kosygin report to the committee on foreign relations united states senate u s government printing office pääministeri aleksei kosygin oli suomalaisille tutuin neuvostojohtaja moskova kielsi kekkoselta viimeisen tapaamisen helsingin sanomat in finnish 23 april 2017 retrieved 18 december 2019 coughlin 2005 p 106 service 2009 p 385 service 2009 p 386 service 2009 p 388 1 2 zubok 2007 pp 194 195 colman 2004 p 125 brown 2009 pp 352 353 brown 2009 p 354 прямые инвестиции no 9 89 2009 а милюков о причинах кризиса daniels 2004 p 65 daniels 1993 p 302 rutland 1985 p 137 ploss 2010 p 171 1 2 3 wesson 1978 p 253 1 2 moss 2005 p 431 1 2 chauhan 2004 p 207 wesson 1978 p 240 lewin 2005 p 249 анализ динамики показателей уровня жизни населения analysis of the dynamics of living standards in russian moscow state university retrieved 4 september 2010 1 2 травин дмитрий алексей николаевич косыгин alexei nikolayevich kosygin in russian peoples ru retrieved 20 september 2010 bacon sandle 2002 p 58 dellenbrant 1986 pp 74 75 kontorovich vladimir 1990 utilization of fixed capital and soviet industrial growth economics of planning 23 1 37 50 doi 10 1007 bf00418969 retrieved 27 november 2024 ютуба любитель 17 december 2010 30 лет назад умер алексей косыгин a reformer before yegor gaidar kosygin died for 30 years ago newsland in russian retrieved 29 december 2010 1 2 3 zemtsov 1989 p 119 wesson 1978 p 254 zemtsov 1989 p 118 1 2 soviet union and then there was one ti...