Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

allagion, contents, etymology, allagia, in, the, late, byzantine, era, references, sources,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (117), and (40), byzantine (27), era (17), allagia (17), army (16), late (15), military (13), was (10), tou (10), #allagion (9), early (9), greek (8), empire (8), constantinople (8), imperial (8), 1960 (8), edit (8), that (8), century (8), wikipedia (7), with (7), from (7), guilland (7), bartusis (7), term (7), were (7), 1997 (6), page (5), middle (5), roman (5), provinces (5), provincial (5), history (5), troops (5), had (5), his (5), are (5), their (5), they (5), for (5), megala (5), contents (4), search (4), may (4), sources (4), units (4), university (4), silk (4), komnenian (4), thessalonica (4), great (4), palace (4), rite (4), megas (4), themata (4), domestic (4), palaiologan (4), logothetes (4), 1204 (4), isbn (4), haldon (4), these (4), however (4), which (4), only (4), 14th (4), first (4), ἀλλάγιον (4), pseudo (4), kodinos (4), allagatōr (4), protallagatōr (4), archōn (4), allagiou (4), 400 (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), text (3), under (3), this (3), use (3), language (3), articles (3), 1453 (3), scholars (3), other (3), walls (3), hagia (3), society (3), battles (3), tagmata (3), bandon (3), mercenaries (3), tactics (3), wars (3), central (3), morea (3), oxford (3), press (3), cavalry (3), forces (3), have (3), one (3), who (3), office (3), also (3), while (3), 13th (3), emperor (3), μέγα (3), used (3), top (3), any (3), gilded (3), 10th (3), men (3), tools (3), main (3), languages (2), toggle (2), table (2), code (2), contact (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), terms (2), organization (2), categories (2), french (2), containing (2), short (2), description (2), wikidata (2), index (2), portal (2), renaissance (2), architecture (2), cities (2), byzantines (2), alexander (2), macedonian (2), art (2), mosaics (2), monastery (2), panagia (2), sant (2), apollinare (2), ravenna (2), sophia (2), church (2), hippodrome (2), basilika (2), ton (2), justinian (2), law (2), rus (2), serbs (2), bulgaria (2), orthodoxy (2), eastern (2), religion (2), ottoman (2), admirals (2), doux (2), droungarios (2), fleet (2), fire (2), dromon (2), navy (2), grand (2), paramonai (2), pronoia (2), varangian (2), guard (2), hetaireia (2), schools (2), kleisourai (2), revolts (2), manuals (2), generals (2), foreign (2), exarchate (2), praetorian (2), epi (2), chartoularios (2), comes (2), magister (2), emperors (2), thrace (2), region (2), fall (2), nicaea (2), 717 (2), valentinianic (2), dynasty (2), constantinian (2), 1991 (2), kazhdan (2), 1999 (2), warfare (2), john (2), 1984 (2), administrative (2), études (2), τοῦ (2), mark (2), pennsylvania (2), 194 (2), 196 (2), 193 (2), earlier (2), meaning (2), references (2), apparently (2), old (2), circa (2), command (2), palaiologos (2), exact (2), role (2), european (2), not (2), control (2), time (2), known (2), comprised (2), both (2), holders (2), extreme (2), personal (2), excluded (2), been (2), some (2), probably (2), into (2), two (2), asia (2), minor (2), turks (2), centuries (2), disappeared (2), mentioned (2), until (2), michael (2), ἀλλάγια (2), mid (2), appeared (2), occupied (2), hierarchy (2), escort (2), uniform (2), covered (2), red (2), replaced (2), corps (2), commanded (2), according (2), each (2), 11th (2), more (2), technical (2), standing (2), information (2), etymology (2), unit (2), soldiers (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), links (2), read (2), article (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, additional, apply, using, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, non, profit, wikimedia, foundation, inc, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, august, 2025, utc, hidden, cs1, ancient, matches, words, phrases, formations, retrieved, https, org, php, title, oldid, 1304323046, outline, megali, idea, third, rome, neo, cyrillic, script, byzantinism, museums, studies, commonwealth, impact, rhetoric, philosophy, medicine, inventions, library, encyclopedias, learning, science, measurement, death, slavery, women, greeks, population, octoechos, lyra, music, hellenization, gardens, flags, insignia, families, dress, dance, cuisine, calendar, everyday, life, historians, romance, digenes, akritas, acritic, songs, novel, literature, dynatoi, varangians, road, trade, mints, coinage, agriculture, economy, period, painters, glass, enamel, icons, mystras, saint, catherine, gorgoepikoos, nea, moni, chios, hosios, loukas, daphni, locations, nuovo, classe, san, vitale, thessaloniki, chalkeon, hagios, demetrios, bath, arch, galerius, rotunda, prison, anemas, pammakaristos, factions, irene, city, chora, blachernae, baths, zeuxippus, basilica, cistern, domes, cross, square, sacred, secular, culture, mutilation, hexabiblos, ekloge, nomon, corpus, juris, civilis, codex, theodosianus, jews, missionary, activity, kievan, moravia, mount, athos, bogomilism, schism, iconoclasm, paulicianism, monophysitism, arianism, ecumenical, councils, miaphysitism, west, syriac, armenian, alexandrian, oriental, saints, patriarchate, hayhurum, hesychasm, serbian, seljuk, persian, norman, lombard, georgian, bulgarian, arab, conflicts, naval, samos, aegean, sea, cibyrrhaeot, maritime, karabisianoi, vestiaritai, akritai, droungos, tourma, excubitors, scholae, palatinae, bucellarii, foederati, east, beacon, battle, diplomacy, diplomats, treaties, relations, despotates, kephale, catepanates, africa, quaestura, exercitus, dioceses, prefectures, mesazon, deeseon, protasekretis, eidikou, vestiariou, sakelliou, stratiotikou, genikou, sakellarios, dromou, quaestor, sacri, palatii, rerum, privatarum, sacrarum, largitionum, officiorum, prefects, senate, medieval, bureaucracy, empresses, family, tree, coronation, governance, syria, spain, iberian, peninsula, balearic, islands, serbia, palestine, mesopotamia, malta, maghreb, sicily, sardinia, italy, greece, egypt, dalmatia, cyprus, crete, corsica, armenia, anatolia, albania, modern, territory, decline, successor, states, theodoro, trebizond, epirus, latin, frankokratia, fourth, crusade, sack, angelid, doukid, amorian, nikephorian, isaurian, twenty, years, anarchy, dark, ages, heraclian, leonid, theodosian, 330, later, preceding, topics, new, york, 504652, dictionary, byzantium, london, ucl, 85728, 495, state, world, 565, bonn, rudolf, habelt, 7749, 2004, praetorians, institutional, social, survey, opsikion, 580, 900, 3406, rebyz, 1221, doi, revue, des, sur, histoire, byzantin, les, commandants, garde, impériale, ἐπὶ, στρατοῦ, juge, armée, rodolphe, philadelphia, 8122, 1620, arms, 109, 195, 276, 277, proposals, 116, size, equivalent, 300, 500, thus, records, force, 000, 1260s, constantine, chronicle, banda, nature, structure, fully, clear, jurisdiction, encompassed, regions, around, conforming, roughly, respectively, represent, attempt, centralize, over, when, political, increasingly, devolving, capital, periphery, how, extensive, reach, open, question, frontier, providing, garrisons, fortresses, well, addition, included, small, land, comments, various, attempts, explain, element, every, soldier, lived, obligation, represented, universal, involved, recruitment, maintenance, all, guards, retinues, local, governors, must, partial, aspect, system, confined, occurs, context, its, functions, within, unknown, tzaousios, megaloallagitēs, pronoias, strymon, divided, distinct, groups, former, found, latter, gradual, during, finally, three, name, attested, 1286, continue, 1355, almost, certainly, date, least, reign, 1259, 1282, perhaps, even, before, him, conquered, lands, too, fell, laskarid, viii, βιζυητεικόν, bizye, σερριωτικόν, serres, θεσσαλονικαῖων, thessalonian, μεγάλα, βασιλικά, writer, mentions, court, master, 1250s, 53rd, place, served, second, hat, decorated, gold, wire, kaftan, like, commonly, velvet, tassel, baton, plain, smooth, wood, own, retinue, seems, divisions, rather, obscure, foot, horse, still, πρωταλλαγάτωρ, whole, 54th, position, led, rear, forcing, stragglers, hurry, maintain, formation, identical, superior, except, instead, staff, bore, silver, mace, whose, handle, tip, chain, supervision, very, few, offices, primmikērios, matzouka, skaranikon, kabbadion, skiadion, theodore, laskaris, ἄρχων, ἀλλαγίου, evidenced, writings, began, specific, sense, bodyguard, largely, colloquial, although, entirely, literary, usage, designate, regiment, headed, ἀλλαγάτωρ, tagma, attaleiates, further, means, rotation, duties, appears, generic, body, came, alternate, numbering, between, 150, those, closer, upper, limit, 320, leo, wise, tactica, designating, become, most, frequent, regiments, persisting, fortifications, siege, strategy, lists, civil, campaign, protostrator, stratopedarches, militum, classical, themes, structural, part, series, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, pdf, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, permanent, link, related, what, here, general, actions, english, talk, türkçe, slovenščina, slovenčina, русский, français, español, ελληνικά, special, pages, recent, community, learn, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
allagion wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 etymology 2 allagia in the late byzantine era 3 references 4 sources toggle the table of contents allagion 8 languages ελληνικά español français русский slovenčina slovenščina türkçe 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia byzantine military unit of 50 400 soldiers part of a series on the byzantine army structural history eastern roman army classical byzantine army themes tagmata hetaireia komnenian era army pronoia palaiologan era army allagia varangian guard generals magister militum domestic of the schools grand domestic stratopedarches protostrator byzantine navy greek fire dromon admirals droungarios of the fleet megas doux campaign history lists of wars revolts and civil wars and battles constantinople strategy and tactics tactics siege warfare military manuals fortifications walls of constantinople v t e the allagion greek ἀλλάγιον was a byzantine military term designating a military unit of 50 400 soldiers it first appeared in the mid to late 10th century and by the 13th century had become the most frequent term used for the byzantine army s standing regiments persisting until the late 14th century etymology edit the term means rotation of duties 1 2 and first appears in the tactica of leo vi the wise in the early 10th century for a generic body of troops 3 in a more technical use it came into use as an alternate term for a cavalry bandon numbering between 50 and 400 men 4 in the 10th and 11th centuries provincial allagia had some 50 150 men while those of the central imperial army were closer to the upper limit with circa 320 400 men 5 allagia in the late byzantine era edit further information palaiologan byzantine army from the late 11th century as evidenced in the writings of michael attaleiates the term also began to be used in a more specific sense for the troops of the imperial bodyguard 3 by the late 13th century the term had largely replaced the earlier tagma in colloquial and technical although not entirely in literary usage to designate any standing regiment each allagion was headed by an allagatōr ἀλλαγάτωρ 5 6 the mid 14th century writer pseudo kodinos also mentions a court office that of the archōn tou allagiou ἄρχων τοῦ ἀλλαγίου master of the allagion which apparently appeared in the 1250s under theodore ii laskaris and in pseudo kodinos s time occupied the 53rd place in the palace hierarchy he served as the second in command of the imperial escort his uniform comprised a skiadion hat decorated with gold wire a kaftan like kabbadion in silk as it is commonly used a velvet covered skaranikon with a red tassel on top and a baton of office of plain smooth wood 6 the emperor s own allagion i e his military retinue seems to have been replaced by the two divisions of the rather obscure paramonai corps one on foot and one on horse these however were still commanded according to pseudo kodinos by an allagatōr each while the protallagatōr πρωταλλαγάτωρ first allagatōr probably commanded the corps as a whole 5 7 according to pseudo kodinos the protallagatōr occupied the 54th position in the palace hierarchy he led the rear of the emperor s escort forcing any stragglers to hurry up and maintain formation his uniform was identical to that of his superior the archōn tou allagiou except that instead of a staff he bore a gilded silver mace matzouka whose handle was covered in red silk with a gilded tip on top and a gilded chain in the middle both the archōn tou allagiou and the protallagatōr were under the supervision of the megas primmikērios 8 very few holders of any of the offices of archōn tou allagiou protallagatōr or allagatōr are mentioned in the sources 9 the allagia of the provincial army were divided into two distinct groups the imperial allagia βασιλικά ἀλλάγια basilika allagia and the great allagia μεγάλα ἀλλάγια megala allagia the former were found in byzantine asia minor while the latter in the empire s european provinces only with the gradual fall of asia minor to the turks during the late 13th and early 14th centuries the imperial allagia finally disappeared the great allagia of which three are known by name the thessalonian μέγα ἀλλάγιον θεσσαλονικαῖων that of serres σερριωτικόν μέγα ἀλλάγιον and that of bizye βιζυητεικόν μέγα ἀλλάγιον are first attested in 1286 and continue to be mentioned until 1355 almost certainly however they date at least from the reign of emperor michael viii palaiologos r 1259 1282 and perhaps even before him to the laskarid emperors of nicaea who conquered these lands they too disappeared as their provinces fell to the serbs and the ottoman turks 10 the exact role nature and structure of the european megala allagia are not fully clear as their jurisdiction encompassed the regions around these cities conforming roughly to the old themata of thessalonica strymon and thrace respectively they may represent an attempt to centralize control over the provincial military forces at a time when political control was increasingly devolving from the capital to the periphery 11 how extensive their reach was is however open to question it is known that their forces comprised both frontier troops providing garrisons for fortresses as well as cavalry pronoias in addition they may have included small land holders and mercenaries 12 as mark bartusis comments on the various attempts to explain their role at the one extreme the megala allagia were the central element in the late byzantine army every soldier who lived in the provinces and who had a military obligation was a megaloallagitēs meaning that they represented a universal military organization involved in the recruitment and maintenance of all provincial forces from which only the imperial guards and the personal retinues of local governors must be excluded on the other extreme the megala allagia may have been only a partial aspect of the late byzantine military system confined only to some provinces and from which foreign mercenaries were probably excluded 13 the office of tzaousios also occurs in the early 14th century in the context of the megala allagia of the region of thessalonica its exact functions however within these units are unknown 14 the size of the allagia was apparently equivalent to the old banda at circa 300 500 troops thus the chronicle of the morea records that constantine palaiologos had a force of 18 allagia or 6 000 cavalry troops at his command in the morea the early 1260s 5 references edit haldon 1999 p 116 on proposals by earlier scholars on the meaning of the term cf guilland 1960 pp 83 84 1 2 guilland 1960 p 84 haldon 1984 pp 276 277 1 2 3 4 kazhdan 1991 pp 67 68 1 2 guilland 1960 p 85 guilland 1960 pp 85 86 guilland 1960 p 86 guilland 1960 pp 85 87 bartusis 1997 pp 109 193 195 bartusis 1997 pp 194 196 bartusis 1997 p 193 bartusis 1997 p 196 bartusis 1997 p 194 sources edit bartusis mark c 1997 the late byzantine army arms and society 1204 1453 philadelphia pennsylvania university of pennsylvania press isbn 0 8122 1620 2 guilland rodolphe 1960 études sur l histoire administrative de l empire byzantin les commandants de la garde impériale l ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοῦ et le juge de l armée revue des études byzantines in french 18 18 79 96 doi 10 3406 rebyz 1960 1221 haldon john f 1984 byzantine praetorians an administrative institutional and social survey of the opsikion and tagmata c 580 900 bonn rudolf habelt isbn 3 7749 2004 4 haldon john 1999 warfare state and society in the byzantine world 565 1204 london ucl press isbn 1 85728 495 x kazhdan alexander ed 1991 the oxford dictionary of byzantium oxford and new york oxford university press isbn 0 19 504652 8 v t e byzantine empire topics history preceding roman empire later roman empire early 330 717 constantinian valentinianic era constantinian dynasty valentinianic dynasty theodosian era leonid era justinian era heraclian era byzantine dark ages twenty years anarchy middle 717 1204 isaurian era nikephorian era amorian era macedonian era doukid era komnenian era angelid era late 1204 1453 sack of constantinople fourth crusade frankokratia latin empire byzantine successor states nicaea epirus thessalonica morea trebizond theodoro palaiologan era decline of the byzantine empire fall of constantinople by modern region or territory albania anatolia armenia bulgaria corsica crete cyprus dalmatia egypt greece italy sardinia sicily maghreb malta mesopotamia palestine serbia spain iberian peninsula and balearic islands syria thrace governance central emperors coronation family tree empresses imperial bureaucracy medieval greek senate early praetorian prefects magister officiorum comes sacrarum largitionum comes rerum privatarum quaestor sacri palatii middle logothetes tou dromou sakellarios logothetes tou genikou logothetes tou stratiotikou chartoularios tou sakelliou chartoularios tou vestiariou epi tou eidikou protasekretis epi ton deeseon late megas logothetes mesazon provincial early praetorian prefectures dioceses provinces quaestura exercitus exarchate of ravenna exarchate of africa middle themata kleisourai bandon catepanates late kephale despotates foreign relations treaties diplomats diplomacy wars military army battle tactics battles beacon generals mercenaries military manuals military units revolts early late roman army east roman army foederati bucellarii scholae palatinae excubitors middle themata kleisourai tourma droungos bandon tagmata domestic of the schools hetaireia akritai varangian guard late komnenian army pronoia vestiaritai palaiologan army allagion paramonai grand domestic navy karabisianoi maritime themata cibyrrhaeot aegean sea samos dromon greek fire droungarios of the fleet megas doux admirals naval battles conflicts arab bulgarian georgian lombard norman ottoman persian rus seljuk serbian religion and law religion eastern orthodoxy byzantine rite hesychasm hayhurum patriarchate of constantinople saints oriental orthodoxy alexandrian rite armenian rite west syriac rite miaphysitism ecumenical councils arianism monophysitism paulicianism iconoclasm great schism bogomilism mount athos missionary activity bulgaria moravia serbs kievan rus jews law codex theodosianus corpus juris civilis code of justinian ekloge ton nomon basilika hexabiblos mutilation culture and society architecture secular sacred cross in square domes constantinople basilica cistern baths of zeuxippus blachernae palace chora church city walls great palace of constantinople hagia irene hagia sophia hippodrome hippodrome factions pammakaristos church prison of anemas thessalonica arch of galerius and rotunda byzantine bath hagia sophia hagios demetrios panagia chalkeon walls of thessaloniki ravenna san vitale sant apollinare in classe sant apollinare nuovo other locations daphni monastery hosios loukas nea moni of chios panagia gorgoepikoos saint catherine s monastery mystras art icons enamel glass mosaics early byzantine mosaics painters macedonian period art komnenian renaissance economy agriculture coinage mints trade silk silk road varangians dynatoi literature novel acritic songs digenes akritas alexander romance historians everyday life byzantines calendar cities cuisine dance dress families flags and insignia gardens hellenization music lyra octoechos population byzantine greeks women slavery death units of measurement science learning encyclopedias imperial library inventions medicine philosophy rhetoric scholars university university of constantinople impact byzantine commonwealth byzantine studies museums byzantinism cyrillic script neo byzantine architecture greek scholars in the renaissance third rome megali idea index outline portal retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title allagion oldid 1304323046 categories military units and formations of the byzantine empire greek words and phrases hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles containing ancient greek to 1453 language text articles containing greek language text cs1 french language sources fr this page was last edited on 5 august 2025 at 09 52 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents allagion 8 languages add topic