Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

amantia, contents, etymology, history, culture, institutions, gallery, see, also, references, bibliography, coinage,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (363), and (123), #amantia (94), greek (64), that (44), was (40), illyrian (38), epirus (36), isbn (35), albania (31), cities (30), city (29), 978 (28), from (27), roman (26), were (26), with (24), century (24), ancient (22), hellenistic (20), language (18), apollonia (18), league (17), has (16), illyria (16), byllis (15), und (15), also (14), southern (14), been (14), are (14), site (13), settlements (13), culture (13), greece (13), edit (13), which (13), 4th (13), history (12), amantes (12), this (11), sources (11), archaeological (11), butrint (11), 2011 (11), cs1 (10), epirote (10), 2019 (10), 1997 (10), coins (10), town (10), vlorë (9), other (9), aulon (9), doi (9), for (9), vol (9), des (9), during (9), cabanes (9), among (9), text (8), albanian (8), latin (8), list (8), macedonia (8), period (8), macedonian (8), kings (8), two (8), territory (8), 2004 (8), ceka (8), region (8), but (8), wikipedia (7), sites (7), press (7), pseudo (7), polis (7), hernandez (7), 2017 (7), 2012 (7), have (7), part (7), aphrodite (7), such (7), later (7), pausanias (7), located (7), not (7), settlement (7), pannonia (6), oricum (6), lissus (6), north (6), sea (6), magna (6), walls (6), koinon (6), classical (6), lake (6), lagoon (6), 2014 (6), university (6), skylax (6), between (6), eds (6), hatzopoulos (6), ekdotike (6), athenon (6), 960 (6), 213 (6), area (6), les (6), 2008 (6), adriatic (6), cults (6), 2nd (6), had (6), time (6), era (6), before (6), only (6), foundation (5), page (5), german (5), see (5), acropolis (5), dimale (5), tribes (5), people (5), war (5), valley (5), religion (5), kingdom (5), south (5), coast (5), zeus (5), athenian (5), sacred (5), athens (5), ionian (5), colonies (5), archaic (5), bay (5), lippert (5), von (5), winnifrith (5), 4000 (5), quantin (5), dimo (5), 3406 (5), iliri (5), 1986 (5), malkin (5), studies (5), della (5), grecia (5), journal (5), 371 (5), hammond (5), 1992 (5), funke (5), moustakis (5), hochschulz (5), 2007 (5), 2003 (5), dhe (5), del (5), anamali (5), years (5), olympe (5), orikos (5), institutions (5), both (5), urban (5), την (5), των (5), times (5), some (5), rather (5), than (5), abantes (5), deity (5), described (5), main (5), periplus (5), aoös (5), languages (4), contents (4), search (4), about (4), terms (4), organization (4), use (4), commons (4), last (4), periodical (4), link (4), articles (4), description (4), county (4), archaeology (4), retrieved (4), northern (4), illyricum (4), dyrrhachium (4), wars (4), phoenice (4), nymphaion (4), coinage (4), thronion (4), shkodër (4), nikaia (4), lower (4), names (4), athena (4), long (4), temple (4), greeks (4), army (4), military (4), euboean (4), 168 (4), 230 (4), states (4), prespa (4), world (4), iliria (4), 258 (4), papazoglou (4), jstor (4), papadopoulos (4), books (4), mesihović (4), matzinger (4), 2021 (4), studi (4), poleis (4), cite (4), 2020 (4), november (4), sakellariou (4), και (4), romans (4), haensch (4), government (4), città (4), account (4), there (4), aoos (4), fortifications (4), 342 (4), probably (4), 100 (4), molossian (4), many (4), tribal (4), received (4), seems (4), them (4), became (4), very (4), model (4), who (4), recorded (4), massive (4), trappings (4), built (4), state (4), epirotes (4), cult (4), its (4), nearby (4), 3rd (4), suggested (4), toponym (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), toggle (3), table (3), view (3), contact (3), policy (3), non (3), wikimedia (3), bosnian (3), category (3), wikidata (3), containing (3), maint (3), dates (3), places (3), monument (3), berat (3), castle (3), lists (3), sirmium (3), desilo (3), pharos (3), alexander (3), poshtme (3), cultural (3), triport (3), matohasanaj (3), geography (3), political (3), pleuratus (3), bato (3), bylliones (3), theatres (3), temples (3), heraclea (3), epidamnos (3), colonisation (3), mycenaean (3), olympia (3), theatre (3), dodona (3), architecture (3), seleucid (3), pontus (3), pergamon (3), argos (3), hellenic (3), civilization (3), periods (3), river (3), antigonea (3), zindel (3), 2018 (3), ein (3), der (3), 2002 (3), colony (3), oxford (3), inhabited (3), antike (3), sur (3), illyrie (3), 1999 (3), verlag (3), geschichte (3), 2016 (3), oxbow (3), their (3), irad (3), 2001 (3), center (3), ethnicity (3), lasagni (3), jaupaj (3), maria (3), david (3), hesperia (3), issn (3), hodges (3), richard (3), antiquity (3), einer (3), epeiros (3), dieterle (3), olgita (3), inscription (3), 1972 (3), development (3), links (3), inscriptions (3), atintanes (3), officials (3), onomastics (3), grec (3), 143 (3), 148 (3), apollo (3), within (3), ambrakia (3), 2013 (3), they (3), known (3), prospered (3), centuries (3), stadium (3), bronze (3), του (3), founded (3), well (3), indigenous (3), much (3), organised (3), ploça (3), village (3), hinterland (3), arkeologjike (3), listed (3), identified (3), 257 (3), written (3), ploçë (3), included (3), however (3), theorodokoi (3), end (3), acquired (3), pdf (3), fertility (3), local (3), one (3), legend (3), his (3), found (3), around (3), province (3), considered (3), according (3), like (3), type (3), mainly (3), eastern (3), park (3), early (3), mountains (3), theoroi (3), reported (3), alexandra (3), lycophron (3), shushicë (3), name (3), ἀμάντια (3), ἀβάντια (3), article (3), tools (3), privacy (2), under (2), using (2), september (2), 2026 (2), categories (2), french (2), ignored (2), italian (2), pages (2), short (2), buildings (2), structures (2), populated (2), castles (2), venetian (2), pogradec (2), margëlliç (2), kaninë (2), borsh (2), persqopi (2), justinian (2), fortress (2), elbasan (2), dajti (2), central (2), lezhë (2), ishëm (2), durrës (2), timeline (2), origin (2), superior (2), nova (2), issa (2), illyro (2), epidamnus (2), dardanian (2), pelium (2), balkan (2), campaign (2), warfare (2), tomorr (2), mythology (2), tattooing (2), vače (2), belt (2), plate (2), selca (2), pottery (2), daunian (2), education (2), albanopolis (2), zgërdhesh (2), tragurion (2), scodra (2), salvia (2), palaeste (2), klos (2), lofkënd (2), hija (2), korbit (2), dukat (2), neretva (2), aspalathos (2), valentinian (2), iii (2), peter (2), grabos (2), taulantii (2), constantius (2), great (2), dardani (2), bardylis (2), parthini (2), iapygians (2), outline (2), portal (2), place (2), sinope (2), akra (2), korkyra (2), illicitanus (2), limin (2), peninsula (2), cyrenaica (2), syracuse (2), megara (2), hybla (2), taras (2), sybaris (2), lucania (2), elea (2), mainland (2), italy (2), graecia (2), attic (2), numerals (2), linear (2), writing (2), doric (2), proto (2), artemis (2), gate (2), delphi (2), deities (2), burial (2), sculpture (2), system (2), olympic (2), economy (2), society (2), tyrants (2), philosophers (2), historians (2), sparta (2), dynasty (2), ptolemaic (2), spartan (2), thebes (2), phalanx (2), archers (2), macedon (2), ecclesia (2), free (2), boule (2), politics (2), 300 (2), 338 (2), corinth (2), 370 (2), second (2), 395 (2), 404 (2), 1100 (2), empire (2), indo (2), greco (2), crete (2), eretria (2), aegean (2), buna (2), fir (2), protected (2), patok (2), karaburun (2), nature (2), reserves (2), vjosë (2), llogara (2), sazan (2), karavasta (2), national (2), parks (2), ohrid (2), drin (2), areas (2), andreas (2), 205 (2), archäologie (2), wilson (2), 2006 (2), 266 (2), encyclopedia (2), tom (2), stocker (2), 2009 (2), new (2), shpuza (2), mélanges (2), école (2), française (2), rome (2), antiquité (2), shipley (2), periplous (2), circumnavigation (2), mbi (2), une (2), antique (2), 1102 (2), pojani (2), john (2), 232 (2), prehistoric (2), die (2), 1998 (2), kunstmann (2), vom (2), aus (2), instituti (2), vii (2), hoti (2), 2022 (2), archaeopress (2), 250 (2), 245 (2), una (2), storia (2), suo (2), bouthrotos (2), s2cid (2), 2972 (2), 0205 (2), help (2), book (2), 2023 (2), ctv13pk71h (2), 2307 (2), rudolf (2), zur (2), hansen (2), dmitriev (2), 2005 (2), 147 (2), institute (2), regions (2), international (2), january (2), castiglioni (2), degli (2), 115 (2), 1996 (2), çabej (2), pierre (2), bol (2), höckmann (2), schollmeyer (2), bejko (2), sarah (2), 2015 (2), 1983 (2), baldi (2), santuari (2), atti (2), convegno (2), sulla (2), 136 (2), skënder (2), bibliography (2), excavations (2), number (2), after (2), južno (2), jedan (2), kao (2), 170 (2), illyriennes (2), lissos (2), illiriche (2), treport (2), che (2), eckstein (2), hellenized (2), 439 (2), est (2), cites (2), grecques (2), entre (2), par (2), daß (2), sich (2), eine (2), enklave (2), kos (2), šašel (2), populations (2), east (2), towns (2), controlled (2), 1989 (2), made (2), clear (2), little (2), label (2), planning (2), 301177 (2), comme (2), ainsi (2), pour (2), seulement (2), mais (2), effort (2), rapprochement (2), ville (2), 135 (2), tzouvara (2), souli (2), prominent (2), kassope (2), pandemos (2), pan (2), nymphs (2), evolution (2), broader (2), term (2), same (2), fortresses (2), paris (2), coll (2), 251 (2), 305 (2), largest (2), coastal (2), together (2), numerous (2), στην (2), περιοχή (2), these (2), territorial (2), against (2), towers (2), gates (2), masonry (2), titles (2), descendants (2), thronium (2), situated (2), mund (2), sitin (2), triportit (2), mavrovë (2), korrespondon (2), nella (2), along (2), chaonia (2), earliest (2), nom (2), amë (2), must (2), delphic (2), acculturation (2), did (2), process (2), gradual (2), literary (2), talk (2), original (2), united (2), references (2), related (2), basilica (2), gallery (2), surrounded (2), defensive (2), typical (2), shows (2), more (2), symbols (2), appear (2), community (2), tradition (2), bilingual (2), above (2), fountain (2), could (2), tribe (2), iconographies (2), widespread (2), influence (2), ethnic (2), called (2), own (2), first (2), being (2), via (2), today (2), april (2), bishop (2), indicates (2), acroceraunian (2), fortified (2), general (2), barbarians (2), euboea (2), island (2), data (2), ploç (2), information (2), important (2), ceraunian (2), version (2), ἀμάντιεύς (2), amantieus (2), etymology (2), location (2), 379056 (2), 698833 (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), read (2), log (2), create (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, additional, may, apply, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, utc, hidden, errors, gadget, wikiminiatlas, 1453, dmy, different, tourist, attractions, former, https, org, index, php, title, oldid, 1375932378, kulturenvanteri, pleiades, geographic, authority, control, databases, vokopolë, triangular, tepelena, skrapar, skelë, porto, palermo, paleokastra, lëkurësi, libohovë, këlcyrë, kardhiq, gjon, boçari, gjirokastër, delvinë, badhër, ali, pasha, tujani, prezë, peqin, petrelë, dorëzi, bashtova, rozafa, rodoni, peca, krujë, grazhdan, drisht, burgajet, prehistory, southeastern, europe, balkans, paganism, albanians, illyrology, provinces, secunda, savia, prima, inferior, moesia, delmatia, dardania, prefectures, dioceses, dacia, emperors, proposed, vocabulary, sieges, medion, sica, sibyna, liburna, lembus, helmet, shipyard, batonian, battle, caesar, civil, dalmatian, battles, paxos, lyncestis, erigon, invasions, bastarnic, siege, invasion, weaponry, swastika, prende, perëndi, medaurus, zojz, deipaturos, bindus, andinus, sicanje, traditional, situla, trebeništa, masks, tombs, boka, përçeva, spectacle, brooch, soleto, map, peucetian, messapian, pileus, monte, saraceno, woman, gradistë, glasinac, mati, fibulae, stele, group, vendenis, uscana, ulpiana, ulkinium, ugento, tsangon, trogir, tilurium, setovia, sesarethus, selcë, scampa, salona, runik, romajë, rhizon, ragusa, rabije, promona, poslishte, pola, pula, pituntium, petra, pelion, parthus, oria, oneum, nikadin, nareste, mursa, osijek, meteon, lychnidus, kratul, kodrion, kinna, iader, idassa, zadar, hedum, castellum, gertus, eugenium, epicaria, enkelana, duboc, dresnik, doracium, doclea, delminium, dardana, daorson, damastion, creonion, chrysondyon, chinna, bushat, brundisium, bouthoe, bassania, bargulum, split, arnissa, arduba, antipatreia, andetrium, quintum, acroceraunia, acruvium, kotor, taulantian, enchelean, dassaretan, autariatan, labeatan, ardiaean, entities, valens, triteuta, teuta, tacitus, sirras, scerdilaidas, pleurias, plator, pinnes, patrician, mytilos, monunius, monounios, marcellinus, comes, longarus, justin, jovian, jerome, irenaeus, gratianus, funarius, gratian, glaucias, gentius, galaurus, flavianus, etuta, epulon, eleutherius, antia, diocletian, demetrius, dando, cynane, chlorus, constantine, cleitus, celer, caravantius, caius, caeria, bircenna, daesitiate, breucian, baraliris, ballaios, aurelian, audata, astius, artas, messapia, anastasius, dicorus, agron, abroi, siculotae, sardiatae, pirustae, penestae, osseriates, narensi, mazaei, peuceti, messapi, dauni, iapodes, grabaei, eneti, enchelei, dassaretii, thuantai, galabri, daorsi, tariotes, dalmatae, daesitiates, breuci, bassanitae, baridustae, balaites, azali, autariatae, atintanians, labeatae, docleatai, ardiaei, amantini, albani, illyrians, stoae, zaliche, tripolis, trapezous, tium, thèrmae, sesamus, salmydessus, rhizos, polemonion, phasis, oinòe, odessos, mesambria, kerasous, eupatoria, cytorus, cotyora, dionysopolis, bathus, athina, anchialos, amisos, abonoteichos, tyritake, tyras, theodosia, tanais, pityus, phanagoria, pantikapaion, olbia, nikonion, myrmekion, kimmerikon, kerkinitis, kepoi, kalos, limen, hermonassa, gorgippia, dioscurias, chersonesus, charax, borysthenes, basin, black, orikon, melaina, epidauros, zacynthos, salauris, rhode, portus, menestheus, mainake, kypsela, kalathousa, hemeroscopion, helike, emporion, alonis, leuke, iberian, ptolemais, cyrene, berenice, barca, balagrae, therassía, strongyle, phoenicusa, lipara, meligounis, hycesia, ereikousa, euonymos, didyme, aeolian, islands, tyndaris, thermae, tauromenion, selinous, segesta, naxos, messana, hyblaea, leontinoi, kamarina, heraea, gereatis, himera, minoa, henna, helorus, gela, catana, casmenae, calacte, akrillai, akrai, akragas, sicily, thurii, terina, traeis, siris, scylletium, rhegion, pixous, poseidonia, pandosia, neápolis, metapontion, metauros, medma, locri, laüs, krimisa, hydrus, hipponion, cumae, croton, chone, caulonia, brentesion, ankṓn, alision, alphabet, cypriot, syllabary, koine, pamphylian, locrian, ionic, arcadocypriot, aeolic, dialects, homeric, samothrace, parthenon, hera, hephaestus, erechtheion, nike, aphaea, tunnel, eupalinos, dionysus, philippeion, lion, treasury, mount, olympus, dion, delos, eleusis, underworld, twelve, olympians, funeral, practices, technology, musical, music, medicine, mathematics, literature, astronomy, revival, science, arts, wine, wedding, customs, slavery, prostitution, philosophy, pederasty, games, law, homosexuality, folklore, festivals, euergetism, emporium, cuisine, clothing, calendar, animals, agriculture, macedonians, thracian, victors, lawgivers, statesmen, others, xenophon, tyrtaeus, timocreon, thucydides, theognis, stesichorus, sophocles, simonides, sappho, polybius, plutarch, pindar, philocles, panyassis, mimnermus, menander, lucian, ibycus, homer, hipponax, hesiod, herodotus, euripides, diodorus, siculus, bacchylides, aristophanes, archilochus, alcaeus, aesop, aeschylus, authors, zeno, thales, socrates, pythagoras, protagoras, plato, parmenides, leucippus, hypatia, heraclitus, gorgias, epicurus, empedocles, diogenes, democritus, aristotle, aristippus, antisthenes, anaximenes, anaximander, anaxagoras, writers, seven, sages, poets, playwrights, mathematicians, geographers, astronomers, artists, scholars, attalid, paionia, diadochi, commagene, archons, rulers, xyston, xiphos, toxotai, strategos, sciritae, band, sarissa, pezhetairos, peltast, hetairoi, hoplite, hippeis, armies, cretan, ballista, antigonid, scythian, synedrion, gerousia, ephor, ostracism, heliaia, graphe, paranomon, dikasterion, areopagus, agora, tyrant, tagus, symmachia, stasis, proxeny, 280, 146, achaean, 322, arcadian, 374, 196, thessalian, 378, 355, 400, 188, aetolian, 424, boeotian, 430, 348, chalcidian, 478, delian, 499, 449, 500, acarnanian, 279, 595, amphictyonic, 366, 550, peloponnesian, 650, 389, 800, italiote, 560, hexapolis, confederations, federations, bactrian, cappadocia, bithynia, kingdoms, samos, rhodes, megalopolis, larissa, kerkyra, miletus, ephesus, chalcis, byzantion, taurica, peloponnesus, ionia, hellespont, doris, cyprus, aeolis, dark, ages, minoan, cycladic, small, ramsar, guri, nikës, lenie, valamarë, drenovë, sinicë, velipojë, landscapes, ulza, shtamë, pass, mali, gropa, bizë, martanesh, kunë, vain, talë, fushëkuqe, korab, koritnik, gashi, bogovë, blue, eye, shebenik, lurë, dejë, hotovë, dangëll, divjakë, alps, viluni, narta, gulf, bird, biosphere, christian, lahi, bashkim, kiel, machiel, vandenhoeck, ruprecht, 20010, albanien, kunstführer, steinzeit, bis, ins, jahrhundert, nigel, guy, psychology, 415, 97334, london, duckworth, 7156, 3201, badlands, borderlands, sharon, toward, ktisis, developmental, saimir, mefra, 2558, 126, colonia, iulia, augusta, dyrrachinorum, graham, 78962, 497, translation, commentary, françois, arjan, nga, apoloni, kërkime, një, hyjni, ilirisë, enquête, divinité, dans, sud, 153, 123, iris, reliefs, apolonia, 1715, 243, relieve, apoloniate, temë, divine, fanoula, politarques, franz, steiner, 448, 4435982, 438, historia, zeitschrift, für, alte, komai, failure, rise, urbanism, fringes, molloy, barry, 460, 78570, 435, odysseys, oddities, scales, modes, interaction, societies, neighbours, sarajevo, filozofski, fakultet, sarajevu, 9958, 0311, ιλλυρικη, ilirike, salmedin, joachim, kohlhammer, 037710, illyrer, sprache, ambiguities, hellas, barbarian, colloquia, trustees, harvard, 212, 674, 00662, 187, perceptions, berkeley, california, return, odysseus, colonization, chiara, cresci, marrone, giovannella, culasso, gastaldi, enrica, testi, epigrafia, edizioni, dell, orso, 6274, 962, realtà, locali, nel, mondo, ricerche, ethne, occidentale, heinrich, bod, demand, 7460, 6327, slaven, prußen, ostsee, weichsel, memel, über, ihre, herkunft, kleinasien, lavdosh, thesis, université, lyon, arkeologjisë, albanie, etudes, interactions, culturelles, aire, épirote, siècle, afrim, sonia, antonelli, vasco, cristina, mancini, oliva, menozzi, marco, moderato, carla, somma, publishing, 80327, 297, archaeologiae, plural, memoria, sara, santoro, bizantina, territorio, viii, sec, polias, 271, 164963550, 0018, 098x, american, school, beyond, dominion, environment, corrupting, borders, hellenism, ηπειρος, χρόνια, ελληνικής, ιστορίας, πολιτισμού, relations, springer, 349, 22050, perspectives, tyche, beiträge, alten, papyrologie, epigraphik, vorausschauender, euerget, getreideversorgung, kleinstad, barbara, mogens, herman, thomas, heine, nielsen, 350, 814099, inventory, sviatoslav, 534690, asia, minor, martina, olms, 487, 13510, religionsgeschichtliche, historische, untersuchungen, entstehung, entwicklung, heiligtums, peripolarchos, luan, përzhita, ilir, gjipali, gëzim, hoxha, belisa, muka, botimet, albanologjike, academy, 508, 9928, 141, 488, discoveries, proceedings, conference, tirana, neritan, esempio, marinis, fabrinig, paci, perna, silvestrini, bar, series, 2419, 4073, 1018, processi, formativi, evolutividella, adriatica, paola, monumento, apolloniati, olimpia, 880, mefr, 9796, 867, gjuhësisë, letërsisë, akademia, shkencave, rps, shqipërisë, studime, etimologjike, fushë, shqipes, eqrem, disa, çështje, amantët, interrogations, brill, 186, 474, 4244, 155, overseas, tsetskhladze, gocha, renate, ursula, patrick, vml, marie, leidorf, 89646, 441, kult, kontakte, apollon, milet, didyma, histria, myus, naukratis, auf, zypern, akten, ronde, mainz, märz, lorenc, morris, schepartz, lynne, isd, llc, 938770, excavation, tumulus, lofkend, siu, 8093, 1091, introduction, european, philip, stazio, attilio, ceccoli, stefania, istituto, per, archeologia, 127, grandi, madrepatria, trentunesimo, 133, 1142, civilisation, developments, revealed, hoards, show, abandance, druge, strane, spomenutih, rijeka, nalazio, svijet, oličen, između, ostalog, ilirskim, gradovima, izgrađenim, upravljanim, grčkom, obrascu, što, bilis, amantija, oni, nisu, mogli, osjećati, isto, ustanički, dyrrhachion, durant, cette, période, émissions, villes, come, bylis, olympè, skodra, épire, phoinikè, bouthrôtos, vere, proprie, possono, essere, considerate, antigoneia, alle, quali, devono, aggiungere, anche, përsqop, gurëzeza, kanina, dotate, cinte, mura, rie, racchiudevano, vaste, superfci, dominavano, regioni, ben, delineate, punto, vista, geografco, ellenizzate, cit, pagina

Text of the page (random words):
eudo skylax periplus 26 and lycophron alexandra 1043 recorded the toponym ἀμάντια amantia the delphic list of theorodokoi reported the form ἀβάντια abantia the city ethnic is recorded as ἀμάντιεύς amantieus by pseudo skylax 27 2 the town s demonym was amantieus ancient greek ἀμάντιεύς 2 the name amantia and the tribal name amantes have been connected with the albanian term amë ãmë river bed fountain spring 8 it has been suggested that the root morpheme amant was perhaps a barbarized version of abant in relation to the abantes 9 the name amantia is generally accepted as illyrian 10 the toponym corresponds to amantia in southern italy which is linked to the illyrian movements via the adriatic iapygians in antiquity 11 a homonymous illyrian tribe lived in eastern slavonia 12 history edit adriatic sea strait of otranto sason island margëlliç lofkënd byllis nikaia triport aulon kaninë olympe amantia matohasanaj bay of vlorë akrokeraunia orikos palaeste aoös aoös aoös aoös shushicë shushicë shushicë dukat llogara cerje ceraunian mountains chimera panormos borsh ionian sea ancient sites in the lower aoös bay of vlorë and ceraunian mts the earliest of the written sources that recorded the toponym amantia is the periplus of pseudo skylax 4th century bc mentioning it as a city in illyria 13 by listing it as the only site between the two poleis of apollonia and orikos the account of pseudo skylax suggests that amantia was somehow important it seems that in the periplus the toponym amantia denotes the territory rather than the urban center of the polis 2 it has been suggested that in the periplus orikos is identified as a greek city placed in the territory of amantia the latter being regarded as an illyrian city 14 lycophron s alexandra 3rd century bc attests amantia as a polis in the urban sense 2 a tradition reported by pausanias 2nd century ad alleges that the settlement was founded by locrians from nearby thronium and abantes from euboea 15 stephanus byzantius based on pausanias mentions that amantia was founded on illyrian territory by the euboean abantes returning from the trojan war 16 17 according to another legend reported by lycophron in his alexandra elpenor who actually died at troy and the abantes from euboea went to the island othronos and were driven by swarms of snakes to the land of the atintanes towards the city of amantia 18 19 it has been suggested that the data from pausanias is more in accordance with the settlement of the euboean colony in thronion in the coastal site of triport located in front of the acroceraunian mountains northwest of aulon not in amantia in the site of ploç located south of the aoos valley in the hinterland of aulon 20 21 pausanias data have been compared with the information provided by an apollonian commemorative monument suggesting an oppositional ethnicity between the greek colonial associations of the bay of aulon i e the area called abantis and the barbarians of the hinterland 22 amantia was located on the territory of the amantes who were described as an illyrian people in the periplus of pseudo scylax mid 4th century bce 23 as epirotes by proxenos 3rd century b c and by hesychius and as barbarians by pliny the elder 16 it is situated on the slope of a high hill and had only its acropolis fortified the massive walls of amantia are considered of illyrian foundation and are dated to before the end of the 4th century bc 4 the city was built around 450 bc on the site of a proto urban settlement already from the beginning it had a fortified acropolis that was surrounded by a 2 1 kilometres 1 3 mi long wall with also a lower town the original walls made of irregularly slammed limestone were renewed in the 4th century with isodomic ashlar layers 24 by the 4th century or later the indigenous site became a town very much organised on a greek model acquiring the trappings of a hellenistic city 25 4 it has been suggested that in terms of fortifications masonry and general architecture language and religion amantia shares the same features as the rest of the settlements of the greek world of that time 26 but it has been also assumed that like other illyrian cities amantia was not a polis of the greek type 24 amantia was among the main cities and tribal centres of epirus during the hellenistic period 27 at the second half of the 4th century amantia received sacred theoroi ambassadors from argos southern greece indicator that the locals were treated as greek 28 by the 3rd century bc the town was strengthened economically and minted its own coins in 230 bc amantia joined the koinon of the epirotes 5 the fact that amantia received theoroi from delphi during the early 2nd century bc indicates that it was listed among the greek cities in the area north of the acroceraunian mountains 29 in 168 bc during the 3rd illyrian roman war amantia supported the roman side in the middle of the 2nd century bc amantia was found in alliance with apollonia most probably as part of a united pro roman policy against various illyrian states 5 following the roman annexation of the region 148 bc the city became part of the roman province of macedonia and then epirus novus throughout the roman period amantia was a civitas libera 30 amantia was among the thriving settlements of epirus during the last two centuries b c 31 eulalius one of the eastern bishops at the council of sardica who refused to recognize its right to revoke the condemnation of athanasius of alexandria and withdrew in a body to philippopolis was probably bishop of this town but some think he was bishop of amasea 32 33 34 35 during the early 4th century a basilica was erected 36 no longer a residential bishopric amantia is today listed by the catholic church as a titular see 37 amantia is an archaeological park of albania designed as such on 7 april 2003 by the government of albania 3 culture edit the culture of the region had a language that is not well known and it seems to have not had its own writing system 38 amantia s urban organization occurred at a period of wider evolution among the settlements of the broader area of epirus as a result of the previous development among molossian cities 39 the first inscriptions in amantia appear in the 4th century bc during the hellenistic era and are in greek the onomastics are mainly greek with some non greek names 40 the local culture readily borrowed iconography and technique from the greeks 38 many cults of amantia are of the typical greek pantheon such as zeus aphrodite pandemos and pan 41 the cult of aphrodite probably dates from the archaic era with amantia being in such a case among the first settlements in the region to worship the goddess 42 or from the hellenistic era along with the cult of athena 43 the temple of aphrodite in amantia is an example of the hellenistic influence in present day albania via contact with the nearby greek colonies 44 the cult of heracles has been also confirmed in the city 45 apollo was also among the prominent deities worshipped in amantia as in the nearby corinthian colonies and surrounding settlements in today s northweestern greece and southern albania 46 but also in nearby molossian towns 47 other cults like that of the male fertility deity are common of southern illyria 48 it seems that the iconographies of this deity were derivations of egyptian or italic iconographies bes silenus mainly from the greek colony of taras which were widespread in the region from the 4th century bc but enriched with very stylistic innovations in the roman period this deity has undergone transformations mainly of eastern influence 49 some label this deity as the illyrian god of fertility in reality it is futile to approach ancient cults in ethnic or national terms 38 the south of the adriatic is clearly a region of religious exchanges in which facts must be shifted before considering them to belong to just one culture 50 the illyrian greek cult of the nymphs was widespread in the region as well as in amantia 51 52 an ancient sanctuary of the eternal fire called nymphaion was located in an area near amantia and the amantes 53 54 amantia s prosperity during the hellenistic era could explain the bilingualism of the settlement in that period 55 on the basis of language institutions officials onomastics city planning and fortifications it has been described as a greek city by historians n g l hammond 1989 56 26 šašel kos 1986 57 hatzopoulos 1997 29 rudolf haensch 2012 58 and as a greek city in southern illyria in the territory of the illyrian tribe of amantes by fanula papazoglou 1986 59 it has been described as a hellenized illyrian city state by eckstein 2008 and lasagni 2019 60 and as an illyrian city by olgita ceka 2012 61 and jaupaj 2019 62 winnifrith considered the massive walls of amantia as of illyrian rather than epirote or macedonian foundation and that the site later acquired the trappings of a hellenistic city 4 mesihović 2014 has described amantia as an illyrian city built and governed according to the greek model 63 papadopoulos 2016 described it as an indigenous site that by the 4th century bc or later developed into a city very much organised on a greek model 25 according to lippert and matzinger 2021 like other illyrian cities amantia was not a polis of the greek type 24 in the roman era the use of greek by the romans to address the natives was seen not only as a gesture of good will but also as an effort to promote rapprochement between those communities 55 a 2nd century ad bilingual inscription in greek and latin dating back to imperial times is found above the fountain of ploça village it shows that the establishment of the roman province of macedonia in 148 bc led to the installation of latin speaking populations as far as amantia the bilingual inscription can also testify that in the ancient site of ploça there was a latin enclave and that the city prospered around 200 ad it could also be the nature of the text that required the use of both languages 64 coinage edit the numismatic material unearthed at amantia shows that the more numerous coins were of republican epirote origin followed by coins with the local legend which were fewer in number the territorial proximity to the koinon of the epirotes explains the predominant role of the coins of this neighbouring state the symbols that appear on the bronze coins of amantia are zeus thunderbolt dione trident and artemis spearhead which were taken from epirus the community of the amantes seceded from the epirote state only at the moment of the fall of the monarchy at the time of pyrrhus his son alexander ii and his descendants greater epirus was still strong and controlled both southern illyria in the north and part of acarnania in the south in this context it is no wonder that the bronze coins of amantia starting from 230 bc used symbols of the epirote tradition with which the inhabitants of the city were accustomed and only the legend on the coins was changed from απειρωταν of the epirotes to αμαντων of the amantes both written in greek letters 65 66 institutions edit the organisation of amantia is quite similar to that of a polis rather than of a federal state 67 the local official titles and institutions display typical names of a greek settlement of that time such as prytanis greek πρύτανις the one that presides grammateus greek γραμματεύς secretary toxarchis agonothetes and the boule 16 the town was surrounded with a walled enclosure roughly 2 100 metres 6 900 ft long a large fort was built with two gates and two defensive towers in the north gallery edit gate stadium basilica sculpture of the fertility deity acropolis see also edit wikimedia commons has media related to amantia albania list of settlements in illyria tourism in albania amantes abantes references edit hoti 2022 pp 245 249 lippert matzinger 2021 p 100 kunstmann 2019 p 92 bol höckmann schollmeyer 2008 p 50 wilson 2006 p 266 hernandez 2017 pp 257 258 hammond 1992 p 37 dmitriev 2005 p 147 funke moustakis hochschulz 2004 p 342 pojani 1999 p 251 1 2 3 4 5 funke moustakis hochschulz 2004 p 342 1 2 tusa sebastiano menaxhimi fiskal dhe struktura drejtuese e sistemit të parqeve arkeologjike në shqipëri në vëmendje të veçantë parqet arkeologjike apolloni dhe antigone pdf in albanian united nations educational scientific and cultural organization unesco p 8 archived from the original pdf on 22 november 2020 retrieved 22 november 2020 1 2 3 4 winnifrith 2002 p 58 there are however some other sites in southern albania which cannot be attributed to sudden macedonian or molossian advance notably amantia byllis and selce thought by some to be pelium where alexander the great fought a difficult campaign their massive walls were constructed before the end of the fourth century and the literary sources talk of them as illyrian rather than epirote or macedonian foundations later amantia and byllis acquired the trappings of a hellenistic town 1 2 3 zindel et al 2018 pp 242 stocker 2009 p 309 the argive list also included two specific cities in chaonia phoinice and himara both of which must have been greek but no illyrian cities a century later however on the delphic list ca 220 189 b c byllis and abantiai were included among the recipients of a sacred envoy 1102 the length of time that elapsed before illyrian cities were recorded on a list of theorodokoi makes it clear that acculturation did occur in southern illyria but that the process was gradual anamali 1972 pp 68 85 funke moustakis hochschulz 2004 p 342 çabej 1996 pp 119 117 444 1 guègue amë lit de fleuve canal source fontaine tosque e preva vijën e ujit më të ëmët etc on peut grouper ici même le nom de la tribu illyrienne des amantes comme reverains ainsi que le nom de la ville antique d amantia à ploçë actuelle walker keith g 2004 archaic eretria a political and social history from the earliest times to 490 bc routledge p 39 isbn 978 1 134 45097 8 baldi 1983 p 168 palmer leonard robert 1988 the latin language university of oklahoma press p 40 isbn 0 8061 2136 x mesihović 2014 p 116 a uz to i kod ilira se nailazi na još jedan sličan slučaj odnosno istoimnosti dvije zajednice pa tako imamo amantine u istočnoj slavoniji i prilično južno skoro na granicama ilirskog svijeta i epira hernandez 2017 pp 257 258 hernandez 2017 pp 257 258 drawing upon earlier written sources about sailing voyages periploi the periplous of pseudo skylax 28 33 traces the coast of the mediterranean and purports to be a circumnavigation of the inhabited world the text was composed in the third quarter of the 4th century b c the description of epeiros moves southward along the adriatic and ionian seas in the direction of mainland greece it appears to represent epeiros in the years ca 380 360 b c in illyria epidamnos and apollonia are listed as greek cities πόλεις ἑλληνίδες orikos is identified as a polis located within the territory of an illyrian city amantia after illyria the text lists chaonia pausanias description of greece 5 22 3 5 22 4 ...