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can radio relay league are carried out through its field organization the organization divides the 15 divisions into 71 separate geographic regions called sections each section has a similar team of one elected volunteer section manager and several volunteer positions section managers are elected by the members living within the section for a two year term the section manager appoints a team of volunteers a section manager may optionally appoint one or more assistant section managers 7 an important function of the arrl field organization is organizing emergency communications in the event of civil or natural disaster the arrl s amateur radio emergency service ares program is organized through the arrl field organization each section of the field organization has an appointed section emergency coordinator the ares organization supports training establishes memorandums of understanding mou with governmental and relief agencies and organizes regular practice exercises ares has provided essential supplemental emergency communications innumerable times throughout the league s history in 1989 hundreds of amateurs responded to the loma prieta earthquake in the san francisco bay area putting in over 3000 volunteer hours in the first week in 2005 ares with hundreds of volunteer amateur radio operators provided key communications assistance to recovery organizations and officials coordinating hurricane katrina disaster relief 8 over 2 000 amateur radio clubs are members of the arrl affiliated club program 4 history edit hiram percy maxim co founder president of the arrl c 1914 clarence tuska co founder secretary of the arrl 1916 1914 1920 edit in 1914 hiram percy maxim of hartford connecticut was a prominent businessman engineer and inventor notably of the maxim silencer he was also an active radio amateur with one of the best equipped stations in the hartford area one night in april he attempted to send a message to another ham in springfield massachusetts he had a one kilowatt station call 1wh and springfield was only 30 miles 48 km away well within his normal range he was unable to make contact and remembering that he knew another ham in windsor locks about halfway he asked him to relay the message at that time the maximum reliable range of a station was a few hundred miles and so maxim realized that a formally organized relay system would be of tremendous use to amateurs 9 maxim was a member of the radio club of hartford and he presented a plan for the organization of an american radio relay league at its april 1914 meeting the club agreed to sponsor the development of such an organization maxim and clarence d tuska the secretary of the hartford radio club developed application forms and sent them out to every amateur station they could think of by september 1914 they had over 230 stations on the roster in early 1915 disagreements began to surface as to the role of the hartford radio club in the new organization and in february the arrl split off from the club and incorporated under connecticut law finances were shaky and most of the income came from sales of booklets maps and message blanks by march 1915 there were 600 stations on the roster and due to improvements in equipment and operating ability some of the better stations were claiming communication ranges of up to a thousand miles it was apparent that the arrl now needed some kind of bulletin to stay in touch with its members maxim and tuska agreed to personally finance it and in december 1915 the first 16 page issue of qst was sent free to all members further issues would be supplied through subscription at 1 per year in 1916 with arrl membership nearing a thousand maxim set up six trunk lines of relay stations both east west and north south and individual managers were appointed messages were now being relayed over longer and longer distances and in february 1917 a message was sent from new york to los angeles and an answer received in one hour and twenty minutes in 1917 the arrl was reorganized to a more formal organization a constitution was adopted twelve directors and four officers were elected including president maxim and secretary tuska and membership was opened to anyone interested in radio no sooner had this happened than all amateurs received a letter from the department of commerce ordering them off the air and to dismantle all antennas because the united states had entered world war i during the war the arrl facilitated the recruitment of amateurs into communications positions with the armed services but had little else to do since all civilian experimentation with radio equipment was prohibited in november 1918 the armistice was signed but congress introduced bills to put all radio operations in the united states under control of the navy the arrl strongly opposed the bills maxim testified before congressional committees and the league organized an effective grass roots campaign with thousands of individuals contacting their congressmen in opposition the bills were defeated and in april 1919 amateurs were permitted to put up antennas again but only for receiving meanwhile the league needed reorganization a financing plan consisting of selling bonds to members was adopted and about 7500 was raised qst was purchased from its owner clarence tuska arrl continued to lobby congress for the resumption of transmitting privileges and after a number of protests and appeals amateur radio was fully restored in november 1919 1920 1964 edit arrl radiogram delivery postcard c 1925 the 1920s saw tremendous technical growth in radio pushed both by wartime demands and by the growing commercialization of radio equipment rapidly improved the use of spark gap technology quickly disappeared as the more efficient continuous wave system of generating radio frequency energy and transmitting morse code became standard in 1923 a two way contact between connecticut and france bridged the atlantic ocean for the first time with government uncertainty as to how to allocate both commercial and amateur frequencies the arrl kept discipline in amateur ranks so that spectrum was not unnecessarily occupied they worked with washington and the result was that amateurs received the orderly series of harmonic frequency bands that they largely hold today originally 1 8 3 5 7 14 28 and 56 mhz other bands have since been added and the 56 mhz allocation was changed to 50 mhz other activities during this time included transcontinental relays to quickly move messages across the united states communications assistance in several emergencies and encouragement for an amateur radio operator on an arctic expedition of donald b macmillan perhaps the first beginnings of dxpeditions the league also began to act in an advisory capacity for the american delegations at international radio conferences in 1925 the international amateur radio union was formed and it remains headquartered at newington the long running frankford radio club w3bkx was founded around 1927 and affiliated with arrl in 1930 10 in the 1930s the great depression took its toll on development hiram percy maxim died in 1936 his callsign w1aw was licensed to the league and remains in use as the first ever memorial station in 1937 the dxcc award for working 100 countries was established and it still is the premier achievement in amateur radio operators often under the arrl emergency corps helped at numerous disasters the league s qst magazine acted as a forum for experimenters in voice television and very high frequency work us postage stamp for 50th anniversary of arrl 1964 during world war ii us amateurs were again told to leave the air the arrl developed the government approved war emergency radio service a civil defense system thousands of league members and many thousands more who received technical training through its publications served in the conflict in late 1945 the bands began to reopen the end of the war brought a tremendous expansion of amateur radio as large amounts of war surplus equipment was available many recently trained operators became active and experiments began in such newly developed modes as single sideband and microwaves the 1950s saw the continued development of amateur radio and consequent growth of the arrl new civil defense systems and procedures were developed by the league including regular communications between isolated service members and their families equipment rapidly improved although there was some trouble with television interference the arrl and many of its members cooperated with scientists during the international geophysical year in 1957 measuring the effects of solar activity on propagation in the vhf band a controversial idea was originated in 1961 when the league encouraged incentive licensing which sought reversion to the principle that higher levels of license privileges should require higher levels of demonstrated knowledge and cw skill but took away some amateur privileges until licensees requalified at higher levels incentives are still in effect and only holders of the highest class of license amateur extra maintain all amateur privileges by 1964 the positive influence of the arrl was so evident that the united states issued a commemorative postage stamp on its 50th anniversary as the league prepared for the future a new headquarters building was opened at newington 11 1965 present edit in may june and july 2024 various arrl online systems including the logbook of the world and its educational website went unavailable 12 13 the organization didn t admit that the outage was caused by ransomware until it filed legally mandated notifications of the data breach on july 11 more than two months after the breach started on may 3 14 15 in august 2024 the organization confirmed that it paid a million dollar ransom to resolve the malware attack 16 presidential terms edit sixteen radio amateurs have led the arrl as president 17 name call sign years hiram percy maxim w1aw 1914 1936 e c woodruff w8cmp 1936 1940 g w bailey w2kh 1940 1952 g l dosland wøtsn 1952 1962 herbert hoover jr w6zh 1962 1966 r w denniston wødx 1966 1972 h j dannals w2tuk w2hd 1972 1982 v c clark w4kfc 1982 1983 c l smith wøbwj 1983 1984 l e price w4ra 1984 1992 george wilson w4oyi 1992 1995 rod stafford w6rod 1995 2000 jim haynie w5jbp 2000 2006 joel harrison w5zn 2006 2010 kay craigie n3kn 2010 2016 rick roderick k5ur 2016 present regulatory advocacy edit the arrl has opposed regulatory support for broadband over power lines arguing that the power lines will radiate interfering radio energy impeding amateur radio activities the league has filed several interference reports with the fcc the arrl sued the fcc claiming that the fcc violated the administrative procedure act in creating its rules pertaining to bpl on april 25 2008 a us court of appeals agreed with the arrl that the fcc violated the apa especially by redacting data from the public that could have shed doubt on the fcc s decision it is one thing for the commission to give notice and make available for comment the studies on which it relied in formulating the rule while explaining its non reliance on certain parts d c circuit judge judith rogers wrote it is quite another thing to provide notice and an opportunity for comment on only those parts of the studies that the commission likes best 18 on april 11 2025 arrl filed comments 19 in response to the fcc s request for public input on removing unnecessary regulatory burdens the comments included deleting the lf and vhf uhf symbol baud rate and bandwidth limitations modernizing 80 75 meter sub band divisions deleting amplifier drive limitations deleting and replacing obsolete digital code limitations implement changes to third party rules adopted internationally at wrc 03 updating and modernizing entry level technician class license privileges removing non current personal information in amateur uls records deleting obsolete identification requirements for special call signs deleting obsolete paper license replacement provisions 20 services edit one of the many guest operators at w1aw s studio one 2004 the american radio relay league offers several services to members that support their on air operations for members with an interest in dxing the organization operates both incoming and out going qsl bureaus for the exchange of qsl cards with stations in other countries staff at the organization headquarters maintain and operates station w1aw the hiram percy maxim memorial station as a living memorial to the father of organized amateur radio the w1aw station is used for regular morse code training transmissions for those wishing to learn and also broadcasts a variety of bulletins of interest to radio amateurs the arrl vec volunteer examiner coordinator sponsors amateur radio license examinations for the three classes of u s amateur license license classes and examinations are held in various locations throughout the year although the fcc currently recognizes 14 different organizations as vecs the vec sponsored by the arrl oversees about two thirds of all u s amateur radio license examinations publications edit the arrl provides dozens of publications and journals to both members and non members qst is the organization s monthly membership journal named after a morse code q signal that means calling all stations the organization also publishes two bimonthly magazines of special interest qex for radio electronics experimenters and the national contest journal for contesting enthusiasts the arrl publishes various technical books and online courses members of the organization also have access to a special members only section of the arrl web site that includes technical documents expanded product reviews of amateur radio equipment expanded contesting information and a searchable database of all league publications a flagship annual publication the radio amateur s handbook has been published since 1926 21 the arrl also publishes a series of manuals designed to assist interested persons in obtaining an amateur radio license or upgrading to a higher class of license contests edit the arrl sponsors numerous amateur radio contests throughout the year with the biggest of these being november sweepstakes and the international dx contest other contests and sponsored operating events include straight key night vhf sweepstakes uhf contest and 10 ghz and up contest the arrl also participates as a headquarters station for the iaru hf world championship field day is an annual event organized by the arrl that includes both a competitive element as well as an emphasis on emergency communications readiness and the promotion of amateur radio controversy edit criticisms of arrl have included its support for less strict licensing requirements in the 2000s which opponents consider a dumbing down of amateur radio or making it more like cb radio moves allegedly made to gain additional membership 22 other critics have felt almost the opposite ...