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edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 phonology 2 syntax and morphology 3 vocabulary 4 references 5 bibliography 6 further reading toggle the table of contents andean spanish 11 languages العربية asturianu deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español galego italiano 日本語 русский türkçe edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia dialect spanish language a manuscript of the cantar de mio cid 13th century overview pronunciation stress orthography names history old middle influences grammar determiners nouns gender pronouns personal object adjectives prepositions verbs conjugation irregular verbs dialects andalusian andean argentine belizean bolivian canarian caribbean central american chilean colombian costa rican cuban dominican ecuadorian equatoguinean guatemalan honduran mexican murcian new mexican nicaraguan paraguay panamanian peninsular peruvian philippine status puerto rican rioplatense saharan salvadoran standard uruguayan venezuelan dialectology seseo yeísmo voseo leísmo loísmo interlanguages llanito jopara judaeo spanish portuñol spanglish castrapo creoles roquetas pidgin chavacano or chabacano palenquero or palenque aljamiado teaching hispanism asale rae instituto cervantes v t e dialect map of peru and ecuador andean spanish is in red and purple andean spanish spanish español andino is a dialect of spanish spoken in the central andes from southern colombia with influence as far south as northern chile and northwestern argentina passing through ecuador peru and bolivia while similar to other spanish dialects andean spanish shows influence from quechua aymara and other indigenous languages due to prolonged and intense language contact this influence is especially strong in rural areas 1 phonology edit in andean spanish the s is never aspirated in the final position and so is pronounced s not h 1 in northern chile syllable final s is mostly aspirated in parts of highland peru especially cusco and puno s is sometimes pronounced apical rather than laminal 2 as in all latin american dialects of spanish andean spanish has seseo θ is not distinguished from s thus casa house and caza hunt are homophones however in cusco region and cajamarca many speakers realize s as θ in many words particularly in once doce trece 2 3 4 5 seseo is common to all of america the canary islands and several areas in southern spain especially in the ecuadorian variant coda s is often voiced to z before a vowel or before a voiced consonant including sonorants but the latter is also a feature of most other spanish dialects 1 in the peruvian variant it is palatalized before i citation needed in bolivia ecuador and southern peru ʎ and ʝ do not merge lack of yeísmo 1 6 in northern ecuador ʎ tends to be pronounced as a ʒ 7 however yeísmo is on the rise among ecuador s middle and upper classes 8 often the vowels e and i or o and u are merged because of the influence of the three vowel system of quechua and aymara 1 r and ɾ are assibilated to r̝ and ɾ̞ respectively 1 this is in decline among the middle and upper classes 6 x is velar x rather than glottal h 9 f is realised as bilabial ɸ sometimes with an epenthetic w following 1 emphasis is given to the consonants but the vowels are weakened especially for unstressed syllables like in mexican spanish 1 6 the intonation patterns of some andean accents such as those of cusco have been influenced by those of quechua even monolingual spanish speakers can show quechua influence in their intonation 10 11 syntax and morphology edit voseo is common in the bolivian and ecuadorian andes largely among rural and poorer speakers it is nearly extinct in peru some speakers tend towards pronominal voseo using vos with the tú conjugations of verbs whereas more indigenous speakers tend to use the vos conjugations 1 words like pues pero and nomás are often used similarly to the modal suffixes of quechua and aymara they can be stacked at the end of a clause dile nomás pues pero just go ahead and tell him 1 andean spanish also widely uses redundant double possessives as in de maría en su casa estoy yendo i m going to maria s house 1 this also shows how en can indicate motion towards in the andes en may also be used before a locative adverb as in vivo en acá i live here or en allá sale agua water is coming out there 1 due to aymara and quechua influence andean spanish often uses the pluperfect tense or clause final dice he she says to indicate evidentiality 1 evidential dice is more common in monolingual peruvian spanish 1 in upper ecuador a type of construction with dar gerund is common ie pedro me dio componiendo mi reloj pedro fixed my watch 1 vocabulary edit further information andean vocabulary andean spanish typically uses more loans from aymara and quechua than other spanish varieties 1 in addition some common words have different meanings pie meaning foot can refer to the whole leg due to aymara influence siempre always can mean still 1 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 mackenzie ian 1999 2020 andean spanish the linguistics of spanish archived from the original on 2022 06 10 retrieved april 3 2021 1 2 lipski 1994 p 320 alonso 1967 p 102 cited in cotton sharp 1988 p 147 church meredith 2019 04 01 influencia del quechua en el castellano andino del cusco perú independent study project isp collection 3110 caravedo rocío 1992 12 30 restos de la distinción s ɵ en el español del perú revista de filología española 72 3 4 639 654 doi 10 3989 rfe 1992 v72 i3 4 586 1 2 3 klee lynch 2009 p 136 argüello fanny m december 1980 el rehilamiento en el español hablado en la región andina de ecuador lexis in spanish iv 2 retrieved 22 may 2021 klee lynch 2009 pp 136 7 lipski 1994 p 18 lipski john m 2011 socio phonological variation in latin american spanish in díaz campos manuel ed the handbook of hispanic sociolinguistics malden ma wiley blackwell pp 72 97 doi 10 1002 9781444393446 ch4 isbn 9781405195003 o rourke erin 2004 peak placement in two regional varieties of peruvian spanish intonation in auger julie clements j clancy vance barbara eds contemporary approaches to romance linguistics selected papers from the 33rd linguistic symposium on romance languages lsrl bloomington indiana april 2003 amsterdam j benjamins pp 321 342 isbn 9789027247728 bibliography edit alonso amado 1967 de la pronunciación medieval a la moderna en español in spanish cotton eleanor greet sharp john 1988 spanish in the americas georgetown university press isbn 978 0 87840 094 2 klee carol a lynch andrew 2009 el español en contacto con otras lenguas washington d c georgetown university press isbn 9781589012653 lipski john 1994 latin american spanish new york longman publishing further reading edit wikimedia commons has media related to andean spanish escobar alberto variaciones sociolingüísticas del castellano en el perú lima 1978 granda german estudios de lingüística andina lima pontificia universidad católica del perú 2001 lapesa rafael historia de la lengua española madrid 1986 canfield delos lincoln la pronunciación del español de américa chicago the university of chicago 1981 mackenzie ian a linguistic introduction to spanish university of newcastle upon tyne lincom studies in romance linguistics 35 isbn 3 89586 347 5 v t e languages of argentina official languages spanish regional languages guarani mapudungun quechua indigenous languages arawakan terena chané aymaran aymara chonan haush selkʼnam tehuelche teushen gününa küne querandí charruan balomar chaná güenoa guaicuruan abipón mocoví pilagá toba qom huarpe allentiac millcayac comechingón lule vilela lule vilela tonocoté matacoan iyo wujwa chorote iyojwa ja chorote nivaclé wichí lhamtés güisnay wichí lhamtés nocten wichí lhamtés vejoz quechuan southern quechua santiagueño south bolivian tupi guarani ava guarani eastern bolivian guaraní kaiwá mbyá guaraní isolates guachi payaguá unclassified cacán humahuaca sanavirón minority languages catalan italian patagonian afrikaans cocoliche german belgranodeutsch argentinien schwyzertütsch lunfardo patagonian welsh regional dialects cordobés cuyo portuñol rioplatense vesre tucumano sign languages argentine sign language italics indicate extinct languages v t e languages of bolivia spoken languages official languages indo european spanish arawakan baure iñapari machineri moxo ignaciano moxo trinitario pano tacanan araona cavineño chácobo pakawara ese ejja reyesano tacana toromona yaminawa quechua cusco collao quechua north bolivian quechua south bolivian quechua tupian guaraní eastern bolivian tapieté guarayu sirionó warázu yuqui zamucoan ayoreo macro jê bésɨro chapacuran moré mataguayan weenhayek uru chipaya chipaya aymaran aymara isolates canichana cayubaba chimán itonama leco kallawaya movima puquina yuracaré other languages arawakan apolista joaquiniano magiana paunaka saraveca bororoan kovareka kuruminaka otuke chapacuran chapacura napeca quitemoca rocorona tupian jorá western bolivian guarani uru chipaya murato uru macro jê sansimoniano migueleño zamucoan zamuco isolates kumsa unclassified gorgotoqui majena mure ramanos sign languages bolivian sign language italics indicate extinct languages still recognized by the bolivian constitution v t e languages of colombia official languages spanish indigenous languages arawakan achagua cabiyari cabre baniwa of içana kurripako pasé piapoco wayuu yucuna guarú barbacoan awa pit kokonuco misak mwelyamues pasto totoró bora bora muinane witoto mɨnɨka witoto murui witoto nɨpode witoto nonuya ocaina chibchan antioquian nutabe catio arhuaco atanque kankuamo barí chimila damana duit kogi guna uwa chocoan arma pozo anserma umbra caramanta baudo catio chami eperara northern emberá woun meu guajiboan churuya cuiba guahibo guayabero macaguán playero tucanoan barasana eduria carapana cubeo cuiba desano koreguaje macaguaje macuna pisamira siona siriano tanimuca retuarã tatuyo tuyuca waimajã wajiara waʼikhana wanano yauna cariban carijona opón carare yukpa ticuna yuri carabayo yurí ticuna other andaquí andoque urekena cocama cofán inga kichwa kakwa kichwa nheengatu nukak páez panche pijao puinave saliba tinigua pamigua yurumanguí creoles other llanero palenquero san andrés providencia romani sign languages colombian sign language providence island sign language italics indicate extinct languages v t e languages of ecuador official languages spanish kichwa shuar indigenous languages barbacoan awa pit cha palaachi tsafiki caranqui pasto canari puruhá cañari puruhá tucanoan secoya siona tetete chicham shuar shiwiar achuar palta zaparoan záparo isolates cofán esmeraldeño wao terero unclassified huancavilca panzaleo spanish varieties amazonic andean equatorial media lengua sign languages ecuadorian sign language italics indicates an extinct language ecuador portal v t e languages of peru spanish varieties amazonic andean coastal equatorial tumbes loncco indigenous languages arawakan campa asháninka ashéninka axininca caquinte machiguenga nanti nomatsiguenga piro iñapari mashco piro yine upper amazon resígaro western chamicuro moríque yaneshaʼ arawan kulina aymaran aymara jaqaru boran bora witotoan koihoma ocaina witoto mɨnɨka murui nüpode cahuapanan chayahuita shiwilu maynas harákmbut katukinan harákmbut chicham jivaroan aguaruna huambisa shiwiar achuar pano tacanan panoan amawaka iskonawa kapanawa kashibo kashinawa matsés pisabo remo sensi sharanawa shipibo yaminawa yora wariapano tacanan ese ejja quechuan cajamarca cañaris cajamarca lambayeque central ancash huánuco huallaga pacaraos wanka yaru yauyos chincha lowland chachapoyas lamas kichwa southern ayacucho cusco cusco collao puno tucanoan maijiki secoya tupian cocama omagua yaguan peba yagua yameo uru chipayan uru of chʼimu zaparoan andoa arabela conambo iquito cahuarano zaparo aushiri hibito cholon híbito cholón isolates a iwa candoshi shapra culli mochica muniche puquina sechura tallán catacao colán omurano taushiro ticuna urarina unclassified aguano extinct languages of northern peru patagón bagua chachapoya copallén den tabancale quingnam sign languages peruvian inmaculada sign peruvian sign language inmaculada sign language sivia sign language italics indicate extinct languages v t e dialects and varieties of spanish by continent africa and asia canarian equatoguinean philippine saharan americas interamerican caribbean cuban dominican panamanian puerto rican trinidadian central america belizean costa rican guatemalan honduran nicaraguan pachuco salvadoran north america united states caló chicano californian isleño new mexican sabine river mexican south america amazonic andean bolivian chilean chilote chiloé archipelago colombian cordobés central argentina cuyano central western argentina ecuadorian equatorial coastal ecuador llanero los llanos colombia venezuela maracucho zulia state paisa paisa region paraguayan pastuso colombia ecuador border peruvian ribereño coastal peru rioplatense coastal argentina uruguayan venezuelan europe peninsular andalusian llanito gibraltar canarian castilian castrapo galicia castúo extremadura madrilenian es manchegan es murcian riojan es spoken by catalan speakers other standard extremaduran judaeo spanish haketia tetuani ladino caló para romani spanglish palenquero creole chavacano creole jopara mixed language media lengua mixed language barranquenho mixed language papiamento portuguese based creole with spanish influence extinct cocoliche and lunfardo coastal argentina uruguay malespín central america bozal see also geographic distribution of spanish mexican diaspora spanish diaspora spanish phonology spanish vocabulary retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title andean_spanish oldid 1368215711 category spanish dialects of south america hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles containing old spanish language text articles containing spanish language text pages with plain ipa all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from september 2025 cs1 spanish language sources es commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 7 august 2026 at 19 01 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy 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