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arcadia region wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 geography 3 arcadians 4 towns 5 religion 6 notable arcadians toggle notable arcadians subsection 6 1 olympic victors 6 2 mythology 7 see also 8 notes 9 references toggle the table of contents arcadia region 28 languages català čeština deutsch esperanto español eesti فارسی suomi français hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido italiano latina lëtzebuergesch lietuvių latviešu polski русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski tagalog українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from arcadia ancient region historical region in greece for the administrative subdivision see arcadia regional unit for the utopic region see arcadia utopia for other uses see arcadia disambiguation historical region arcadia ἀρκαδία historical region landscape of arcadia ancient arcadia in the center of the peloponnese location peloponnese major cities mantineia tegea orchomenus dialects arcado cypriot key periods 4th century bc arcadia ɑːr ˈ k eɪ d i ə greek ἀρκαδία romanized arkadía is a region in the central peloponnese greece it takes its name from the mythological character arcas and in greek mythology it was the home of the gods hermes and pan in european renaissance arts arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled harmonious wilderness as such it was referenced in popular culture the modern regional unit of the same name more or less overlaps with the historical region but is slightly larger history edit ancient regions of the peloponnese with cities arcadia was gradually linked in a loose confederation that included all the arcadian towns and was named league of the arcadians in the 7th century bc it successfully faced the threat of sparta and the arcadians managed to maintain their independence they participated in the persian wars alongside other greeks by sending forces to thermopylae and plataea during the peloponnesian war arcadia allied with sparta and corinth in the following years during the period of the hegemony of thebes the theban general epaminondas reinforced the arcadian federation in order to rival neighboring sparta then he founded megalopolis which became its new capital over the next centuries arcadia weakened it initially was subjugated by the macedonians and later the arcadians joined the achaean league geography edit mount lykaion geographically ancient arcadia occupied the highlands at the centre of the peloponnese to the north it bordered achaea along the ridge of high ground running from mount erymanthos to mount cyllene most of mount aroania lay within arcadia to the east it had borders with argolis and corinthia along the ridge of high ground running from mount cyllene round to mount oligyrtus and then south mount parthenius to the south the borders with laconia and messenia ran through the foothills of the parnon and taygetos mountain ranges such that arcadia contained all the headwaters of the alpheios river but none of the eurotas river to the south west the border with messania ran along the tops of mount nomia and mount elaeum and from there the border with elis ran along the valleys of the erymanthos and diagon rivers most of the region of arcadia was mountainous apart from the plains around tegea and megalopolis and the valleys of the alpheios and ladon rivers arcadians edit karst landscape near the community vlacherna arcadia the arcadians were an ancient greek tribe which was situated in the mountainous peloponnese it was considered one of the oldest greek tribes in greece part of or a relative tribe of the aboriginal inhabitants of greece called pelasgians by ancient greek authors 1 as described by herodotus 2 and in ancient myths such as those of arcas and lycaon arcadia is also one of the regions described in the catalogue of ships in the iliad its troops were led by agapenor 3 agamemnon himself gave agapenor the ships for the trojan war because arcadia did not have its own towns edit the arcadians founded numerous towns of these the strongest were the cities which controlled the few fertile valleys mantinea tegea and orchomenos the remaining towns were more mountainous or had smaller plains some of these were nostia 4 asea ypsounta teuthis heraea thyraion nestani alea lycosura trikolonon tropea caphyae pallantion petrosaca feneos phoezon leucasium mesoboa stymphalus etc from 370 bc the capital of arcadia became megalopolis statues from the lycosura sanctuary artemis demeter veil of despoina antyus tritoness religion edit main article despoina cult of despoina arcadia was the location of the cult of despoina also known as the arcadian mysteries despoina means the mistress but was only a title given to the goddess and was not her real name which was told only to those initiated in the mysteries 5 despoina along with demeter was the primary deity worshipped in arcadia 5 and was particularly worshipped at a sanctuary at lycosura the arcadians had their own unique myths which were mainly centered around despoina and demeter another important god in arcadia was anytos who was said to be a titan who raised despoina 6 notable arcadians edit aristocrates ii c 680 640 bc king of the arcadians polybius c 200 118 bc greek historian of the hellenistic period megalopolis philopoemen 253 183 bc greek general and statesman achaean strategos known as the last of the greeks olympic victors edit see also list of ancient olympic victors androsthenes of maenalus won gold in 420 and 416 bc euthymenes of maenalus won gold in 400 and 392 bc mythology edit atalanta a greek mythic woman said to have been the daughter of the king of arcadia evander son of hermes and an arcadian nymph called themis he was the founder of pallantium pallantium became one of the cities that was merged later into the ancient rome 7 hermes god of gymnasium public speaking thievery pan god of the wild shepherds and flocks nature of mountain wilds hunting and rustic music and companion of the nymphs themis a local nymph lover of hermes and mother of evander romans called her carmenta 7 8 arcas a mythological king of arcadia from which the region takes its name lycaon a king of arcadia turned into a wolf he had fifty sons many of whom gave their names to various towns in the region callisto daughter of lycaon and follower of the goddess artemis she was turned into a bear and shot becoming the constellation ursa major 9 see also edit elysium notes edit herodotus i 56 57 herodotus viii 73 homer iliad ii 603 611 stephanus of byzantium ethnica vol s v 1 2 pausanias description of greece 8 37 9 pausanias description of greece 8 37 5 1 2 dionysius of halicarnassus roman antiquities 2 1 strabo geography 5 3 3 ovid 43 b c 17 or 18 a d metamorphoses cite book cs1 maint numeric names authors list link references edit dionysius of halicarnassus antiquitatum romanarum quae supersunt vol i iv translated by karl jacoby in aedibus b g teubneri leipzig 1885 online version at the perseus digital library herodotus histories a d godley translator cambridge massachusetts harvard university press 1920 isbn 0674991338 online version at the perseus digital library homer the iliad with an english translation by a t murray ph d in two volumes cambridge massachusetts harvard university press london william heinemann ltd 1924 online version at the perseus digital library ovid metamorphoses brookes more boston cornhill publishing co 1922 online version at the perseus digital library pausanias pausanias description of greece with an english translation by w h s jones litt d and h a ormerod m a in 4 volumes cambridge massachusetts harvard university press london william heinemann ltd 1918 online version at the perseus digital library strabo geography editors h c hamilton esq w falconer m a london george bell sons 1903 online version at the perseus digital library scheer tania j 2015 they that held arkadia arcadian foundation myths as intentional history in roman imperial times in foxhall lin gehrke hans joachim luraghi nino eds intentional history spinning time in ancient greece stuttgart franz steiner verlag pp 273 296 isbn 978 3 515 11288 8 authority control databases national czech republic geographic pleiades other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title arcadia_ region oldid 1373652678 categories arcadia peloponnese ancient arcadia pan god hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages using infobox settlement with missing country pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates articles containing greek language text cs1 long volume value cs1 maint numeric names authors list this page was last edited on 7 september 2026 at 03 26 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents arcadia region 28 languages add 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