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h vocal standard the choir has worked with musicians including wolfgang amadeus mozart antonio caldara antonio salieri and anton bruckner the choir was established by a letter written by maximilian i of habsburg on 30 june 1498 palais augarten serves as rehearsal space and boarding school for the boys of the choir folk music edit schrammelmusik edit main article schrammelmusik the most popular form of modern austrian folk music is viennese schrammelmusik which is played with an accordion and a double necked guitar modern performers include roland neuwirth karl hodina and edi reiser yodeling edit main article yodeling yodeling is a type of throat singing that was developed in the alps in austria it was called juchazn and featured the use of both nonlexical syllables and yells that were used to communicate across mountains austrian folk dancing edit main article austrian folk dance austrian folk dancing is mostly associated with schuhplattler ländler polka or waltz however there are other dances such as zwiefacher kontratänze and sprachinseltänze ländler edit main article ländler the ländler is a folk dance of uncertain origin known as a folk song under several names for a long period it became known as landl ob der enns which was eventually shortened to ländler the dance became popular in about 1720 it required close contact between members of the opposite sex and was thus denounced as lustful by some church authorities ländlers were brought first to vienna and later to places as far away as ukraine the ländler eventually evolved into what is known as the waltz austropop edit main article austropop austria3 from left georg danzer rainhard fendrich wolfgang ambros dj ötzi received the amadeus austrian music award in 2001 and 2002 for being the austrian artist most successful internationally the beatboxing group bauchklang received an amadeus in 2002 in the category group pop rock national falco rainhard fendrich andré heller georg danzer and christina stürmer all received amadeus awards in the category artist pop rock national austria3 was a conglomerate of three austrian quite individualist singer songwriters wolfgang ambros georg danzer and rainhard fendrich on stage from 1997 to 2006 starting around 2010 the neue österreichische welle new austrian wave is gaining popularity its contributors are for example nino aus wien bilderbuch wanda kreisky voodoo jürgens schmieds puls 2 from around 2015 on the austrian cloud rap scene starts to grow it is represented most notably by crack ignaz and yung hurn 3 alpine new wave edit this genre of punk rock whose name may be shortened to alpunk originated in the alpine regions of germany switzerland and austria alpunk fuses the chaotic energetic rhythms of punk music with the accordion based folk music that the region is famous for other notable music edit see also joe zawinul and weather report misconceptions edit apparently the musical the sound of music and the film based on it played a role in shaping how mainly the english speaking world sees austria in terms of music it has to be said that some of the arrangements in the sound of music have been done for the purpose of art rather than for the purpose of giving a realistic view on austrian music culture so for example there is the view that the song edelweiss is actually the national anthem of austria which is not the case moreover the ländler performed in the movie is not a traditional ländler literature edit main article austrian literature see also list of austrian writers austrian literature can be divided into two main divisions namely the period up until the mid 20th century and the period subsequent after both the austro hungarian and german empires were gone austria went from being a major european power to being a small country in addition there is a body of literature that some would deem austrian but is not written in german austria was home to novelists arthur schnitzler stefan zweig thomas bernhard and robert musil and of poets georg trakl franz werfel franz grillparzer rainer maria rilke and adalbert stifter famous contemporary austrian playwrights and novelists include elfriede jelinek and peter handke theatre edit further information burgtheater volkstheater vienna theater an der wien raimund theater and bregenzer festspiele architecture edit see also list of austrian artists and architects salzburg old city linz part of main square austria is famous for its castles palaces and buildings among other architectural works some of austria s most famous castles include festung hohensalzburg burg hohenwerfen castle liechtenstein and the schloß artstetten many of austria s castles were created during the habsburg reign the historic centre of the city of salzburg was listed as a world heritage site in 1996 stating that salzburg has managed to preserve an extraordinarily rich urban fabric developed over the period from the middle ages to the 19th century when it was a city state ruled by a prince archbishop 4 three years later the city of graz historic centre followed salzburg as the old city is a harmonious blend of the architectural styles and artistic movements that have succeeded each other since the middle ages together with cultural influences from the neighbouring regions 5 in 2001 finally the historic centre of vienna was listed as world heritage site with the comment that the historic centre of vienna is rich in architectural ensembles including baroque castles and gardens as well as the late 19th century ringstrasse lined with grand buildings monuments and parks 6 although not listed as world heritage site many other cities in austria have a well preserved historic centre such as linz or innsbruck cathedrals edit salzburg cathedral austria is rich in roman catholic tradition one of austria s oldest cathedrals is the minoritenkirche in vienna it was built in the gothic style in the year 1224 one of the world s tallest cathedrals the 136 meter tall 446 foot tall stephansdom is the seat of the archbishop of vienna the stephansdom is 107 meters 351 feet long and 34 meters 112 feet wide the st martin s church in linz was for a long time the oldest preserved church in austria first documented mention in 799 according to recent research the current floor plan is from the 10th or 11th century romanesque style the new cathedral also located in linz is the largest 130 meters 430 feet long and the ground 5 170 square meters 55 600 square feet cathedral in austria palaces edit schönbrunn two of the most famous austrian palaces are the belvedere and schönbrunn the baroque style belvedere palace was built in the period 1714 1723 by prince eugene of savoy and now is home to the österreichische galerie belvedere schönbrunn palace was built in 1696 by johann bernhard fischer von erlach for emperor leopold i empress maria theresa of austria ordered the palace restyled in rococo in 1996 it was added to the united nations world cultural heritage list 7 cemeteries edit austria is also known for its cemeteries vienna has fifty different cemeteries of which the zentralfriedhof is the most famous the habsburgs are buried in the imperial crypt stift melk edit stift melk main article stift melk stift melk is a benedictine abbey in the federal state of lower austria overlooking the danube as it flows through the wachau valley the abbey was formed in 1089 on a rock above the city of melk semmering railway edit main article semmering railway the semmering railway a famous engineering project constructed in the years 1848 1854 was the first european mountain railway built with a standard gauge track still fully functional it is now part of the austrian southern railway it was appointed a world heritage site in 1998 8 visual art edit see also list of austrian artists and architects and list of austrian women artists quill embroidery displayed in the greißlermuseum in carinthia vienna secession danube school edit main article danube school vienna secession edit main article vienna secession the vienna secession was part of a varied movement around 1900 that is now covered by the general term art nouveau major figures of the vienna secession were otto wagner gustav klimt egon schiele and koloman moser vienna school of fantastic realism edit main article vienna school of fantastic realism viennese actionism edit main article viennese actionism comics edit tobias seicherl drawn by viennese caricaturist and cartoonist ladislaus kmoch can be regarded as the first continental european daily comic strip the comic appeared in the austrian tabloid das kleine blatt 1930 1940 and was very popular new media ars electronica edit prix ars electronica 2012 ars electronica center main article ars electronica see also prix ars electronica the prix ars electronica is a major award in the field of electronic and interactive art computer animation digital culture and music since 1987 this award has been given by ars electronica one of the world s major centers for art and technology which in turn was founded in 1979 in linz austria the connected museum is the six floor ars electronica center broadcasting and film edit cinema edit main article cinema of austria in the silent movie era austria was one of the leading producers of movies many of the austrian directors actors authors and cinematographers also worked in berlin the most famous was fritz lang the director of metropolis following the anschluss the german annexation of austria in 1938 many austrian directors emigrated to the united states including erich von stroheim otto preminger billy wilder hedy lamarr mia may richard oswald and josef von sternberg from the 1950s to the 1970s franz antel was a prolific director of popular comedies new younger directors emerged from the 1970s to the 1990s among them axel corti michael haneke ulrich seidl michael glawogger barbara albert and götz spielmann vienna international film festival edit main article vienna international film festival crossing europe international film festival edit main article crossing europe diagonale film festival edit main article diagonale philosophy science and technology edit mariazellerbahn austrian school edit main article austrian school vienna school of art history edit main article vienna school of art history vienna circle edit main article vienna circle psychoanalysis and freud edit further information sigmund freud further information psychoanalysis quantum physics from schrödinger to zeilinger edit further information anton zeilinger further information erwin schrödinger further information introduction to quantum mechanics schrödinger wave equation further information greenberger horne zeilinger state further information quantum teleportation everyday culture edit transhumance in the alps edit seasonal migration to pasture main article transhumance in the alps alpine pastures amount to a quarter of the farmland in austria where around 500 000 cattle were taken care of by 70 000 farmers at 12 000 sites rearing cattle involving seasonal migration between valley and high pastures has shaped a lot of landscape in the alps as without it most areas below 2000 m would be forests pre christian alpine traditions edit krampus at toblach main article pre christian alpine traditions some pagan customs survived only in the remote valleys inaccessible to the roman catholic church s influence other customs were actively assimilated over the centuries one example is the perchta a goddess in southern germanic paganism in the alpine countries whose name means the shining one the perchta welcome spring time during fastnacht media edit main article media in austria austrian german edit main article austrian german schoolchildren in austria are taught to read and write in standard german standarddeutsch hochdeutsch which is the language of business and government in austria the austrian german spoken at home and in local commerce will be one of a number of regional upper german dialects either austro bavarian or alemannic dialects while strong forms of the various dialects are not normally comprehensible to other native german speakers such as germans or swiss there is virtually no communication barrier between the austro bavarian dialects in austria and those in bavaria germany the central austro bavarian dialects are more intelligible to speakers of standard german than the southern austro bavarian dialects of tyrol viennese the austro bavarian dialect of vienna is most frequently used in germany for impersonations of the typical inhabitant of austria the people of graz the capital of styria speak yet another dialect which is not very styrian and more easily understood by people from other parts of austria than other styrian dialects e g from western styria as for western austria the dialect of the state of vorarlberg and of a small part of north tyrol has linguistically and culturally more in common with german speaking switzerland and baden württemberg or swabia in southwest germany as it is an alemannic dialect like swiss german or swabian german official minority languages and their influence edit bilingual german hungarian sign in oberwart burgenland as part of its historic cultural heritage of being a multinational state for centuries habsburg monarchy austrian empire later austria hungary modern austria is not entirely homogenously german speaking but has within its borders albeit small autochthonous minorities of different native tongue hungarian is the most widely spoken of the recognized minority languages spoken in austria mostly in burgenland where it is an official language and in vienna about 40 000 speakers 0 5 of the austrian population slovene 24 000 has the same status in carinthia and styria the same is true for burgenland croatian 19 000 a variant of croatian spoken in burgenland furthermore czech 18 000 slovak 10 000 and romani 6 000 are recognized on the basis of minority rights protection austrian german especially the viennese dialect has taken over some words from hungarian czech yiddish or some south slavic languages to replace words otherwise used in standard german such as maschekseitn the other side from the hungarian a másik the other one standard german die andere seite food edit salzburger nockerln main article austrian cuisine austrian cuisine which is often incorrectly equated with viennese cuisine is derived from the cuisine of the austro hungarian empire in addition to native regional traditions it has been influenced above all by hungarian czech jewish and italian cuisines from which both dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed goulash is one example of this austrian cuisine is known primarily in the rest of the world for its pastries and sweets in recent times a new regional cuisine has also developed which is centred on regional produce and employs modern and easy methods of preparation every state in austria has some specialities in lower austria they have poppies in burgenla...