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bar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 building materials 2 early and medieval buildings 3 19th century architecture toggle 19th century architecture subsection 3 1 william burges 3 1 1 cardiff castle 3 1 2 park house 3 1 3 castell coch 4 20th century architecture 5 21st century architecture 6 criticism 7 see also 8 references 9 sources 10 external links toggle the table of contents architecture of cardiff add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia overview of the architecture in the capital city of wales cardiff city hall left and national museum cardiff right cathays park architecture in cardiff the capital city of wales dates from norman times to the present day its urban fabric is largely victorian and later reflecting cardiff s rise to prosperity as a major coal port in the 19th century no single building style is associated with cardiff but the city centre retains several 19th and early 20th century shopping arcades the city is noted for its fantasy castles cardiff castle and castell coch both by the victorian architect william burges the well preserved early 20th century civic centre surrounding cathays park was described as one of the best examples of civic planning in britain 1 the city contains a number of notable modern buildings and engineering projects these include the millennium stadium 1999 in the city centre and several examples in the major urban regeneration project of cardiff bay for example the wales millennium centre and the senedd the western suburb of st fagans contains an open air museum of welsh vernacular architecture the st fagans national history museum building materials edit bute building in cathays park built in portland stone the common building materials of cardiff s victorian and edwardian buildings are bath stone blue pennant stone and red brick except in cathays park where portland stone predominates grey lias stone features heavily in the construction of the city s medieval buildings the keep of cardiff castle llandaff cathedral and st john the baptist s church but is absent from later buildings two recent buildings in cardiff bay the senedd and the wales millennium centre make conspicuous use of welsh slate together with glass and steel early and medieval buildings edit cardiff castle 12th century keep perhaps the most noted individual building in the city is cardiff castle a fortress of roman foundation with a ruined 12th century medieval keep and exterior walls 2 after cardiff castle the oldest remaining building in the city centre is st john s parish church which dates from the 12th century but was almost totally reconstructed during the 15th century it has a fine perpendicular style nave and tower 3 the medieval town walls were removed as the town developed and nowadays only two very small sections remain 2 the modernised womanby street is one of the few remaining original medieval streets that lead from the town s original quay to the castle two monastic buildings existed in cardiff greyfriars demolished for capital tower and blackfriars established in the late 13th century greyfriars was converted into a family mansion but was demolished to make way for a carpark and office block during the 20th century the foundations of blackfriars can still be seen in bute park 2 llandaff cathedral dates from 1107 but was built on the site of a pre norman building it was significantly extended in the 13th and 15th centuries 4 nearby are the ruins of the bishop s palace destroyed by the forces of owain glyndŵr in 1400 19th century architecture edit horace jones s town hall on st mary street cardiff old library 1882 with the arrival of the railways and a rapidly expanding coal export industry cardiff changed beyond recognition during the mid nineteenth century it became the largest town in wales in 1875 5 from the 1840s new residential streets were built in butetown and temperance town completed 1864 6 much of the land on which cardiff was built was owned by john crichton stuart 2nd marquess of bute much of cardiff and many of its buildings were designed by the marquess s architect alexander roos 7 new churches and chapels were created including a new romanesque st mary s church on bute street noted local architect john prichard designed st margaret s church roath and st john s church canton also refurbishing llandaff cathedral the surviving tabernacl chapel in the hayes is described as the finest classical chapel of the period 6 important architects from outside wales arrived designing st david s roman catholic church 1887 in charles street amongst others 8 in 1853 a new graceless but vigorous colonnaded town hall and corn exchange cardiff s fourth town hall replaced the old guildhall in high street 6 horace jones of london had been the winners of the design competition controversially because the cost limit was 8 000 while jones scheme was estimated at 11 690 the building was extended in 1876 but was eventually replaced in the early 20th century 9 cardiff royal infirmary new shops bank buildings and hotels appeared including the royal hotel 1866 great western hotel 1876 and park hotel 1885 5 cardiff s fascinating and delightful victorian shopping arcades were built high street arcade 1885 wyndham arcade 1886 castle arcade 1887 and morgan arcade 1896 8 important new public buildings were created including the central library cardiff royal infirmary st david s hospital the theatre royal later renamed the prince of wales theatre grand theatre westgate street and the university college of south wales 8 impressive new buildings were constructed in butetown to serve the dockland economy these included the coal exchange 1883 86 in mount stuart square and the imposing french gothic pierhead building 1896 at the docks entrance 8 william burges edit cardiff castle william burges contribution to welsh architecture was notable but limited to three buildings cardiff castle castell coch and park house the influence of park house was significant to the architecture of wales john newman considers the house revolutionized cardiff s domestic architecture 10 incomplete short citation and the cadw grade i listed building status given to the house records it as the pattern for much housing in cardiff in later c19 perhaps the most important nineteenth century town house in wales 11 while burges style was highly creative it is often difficult to pin down the stylistic sources of his designs mordaunt crook remarks that burges drew on his extensive travels and the studies he had made of the campanilii of san gimaggnano florence and siena he included recollections of nuremberg and palermo of the chateau de chillonon on lake geneva the castello at milan and the palais des papes at avignon nearer home he took elements from conway caernarvon and durham castles 12 cardiff castle edit cardiff castle was restored and redesigned between 1868 and 1890 8 the marquis of bute had a momentous partnership with burges that was to last for sixteen years with cardiff castle transformed into a neo gothic dream palace bute s workmen pulled down the houses built against the south curtain wall burges restored the stonework and he added a covered parapet walk with embrasures and arrow slits the clock tower was built on the site of a roman bastion and completed in 1875 the scheme included the medieval buildings of the west wing which had been gothicised by henry holland in 1774 burges designed a nursery especially for the bute children the bute tower and herbert towers as well as the new guest and tank towers were rebuilt the 15th century octagon tower was restored with the addition of a timber spire burges created a library and the banqueting hall within the late medieval residential block when burges died in 1881 his work was continued by his former assistant william frame citation needed park house edit park house park place cardiff park house was built between 1871 and 1875 for james mcconnochie the dock engineer to bute estate mcconnochie was mayor of cardiff in 1880 13 the house has been used as a restaurant since 2012 the house draws on various french gothic elements and is reminiscent of the town hall of st antonin restored by viollet le duc in 1843 with late romanesque and a gothic arcade but with added 15th century dormer windows 14 it is built with grey caerphilly stone and bath stone dressings steeply pitched slate roofs stone chimneys features of the house were imitated by other late victorian houses in cardiff similar houses such as llanilar at abermad 1870 1872 in ceredigion were being built by john pollard seddon 15 castell coch edit castell coch exterior castell coch a ruined medieval castle lying to north of cardiff was intended as an occasional summer residence for the marquess of bute burges s reported on the proposed reconstruction of castell coch in 1872 and construction started in 1875 the exterior comprises three towers almost equal to each other in diameter but arrestingly dissimilar in height the keep tower the well tower and the kitchen tower incorporate a series of apartments of which the main sequence the castellan s rooms lie within the keep the hall the drawing room lord bute s bedroom and lady bute s bedroom comprise a suite of rooms that exemplify the high victorian gothic style in 19th century britain the octagonal chamber with its great rib vault modelled on one designed by viollet le duc at councy is spangled with butterflies and birds of sunny plume in gilded trellis work off the hall lies the windlass room in which burges assembled the fully functioning apparatus for the drawbridge 16 20th century architecture edit capital tower the civic centre at cathays park whose earliest building dates from 1901 is a notable example in the united kingdom of city planning on beaux arts principles in the 1941 cardiff blitz llandaff cathedral sustained a direct hit it was restored by george pace who added a concrete parabolic arch in the nave to support a new sculpture by jacob epstein majestas the festival style empire pool was built in the cardiff arms park for the 1958 empire games 17 this was demolished in 1999 bbc broadcasting house in llandaff now demolished designed in 1967 by dale owen of percy thomas partners who had worked in chicago under walter gropius drew inspiration from modernist architecture in the united states such as gropius s harvard graduate center and ludwig mies van der rohe s apartments on lake shore drive chicago 18 cardiff central police station built between 1966 and 1968 in the classical civic centre of cardiff is described as the most successful post war building in cathays park 19 cardiff bay visitor centre will alsop and john lyall 1990 claimed to have single handedly put cardiff on the architectural map 20 in 2010 it was dismantled to make way for a new road 21 21st century architecture edit house for the future cardiff began the new century in 2000 with the completion of a house for the future at the st fagans national history museum it was a joint initiative between bbc wales and malcolm parry of the welsh school of architecture and aimed to create a zero carbon house on a reasonable 120 000 budget using the latest technologies 22 the senedd designed by the richard rogers partnership for the national assembly for wales in cardiff bay cardiff bay underwent an urban regeneration scheme in the late 20th century and its barrage was a major civil engineering project new buildings of note in this area include the senedd building home to wales national parliament senedd cymru richard rogers 2006 shortlisted for the riba stirling prize the wales millennium centre opened 2004 awarded the wales eisteddfod gold medal in 2005 23 this project was preceded by the cardiff bay opera house scheme which if built would have been the first building by zaha hadid in the united kingdom the building was refused a lottery grant as one had already been granted to the millennium stadium hok sport 1999 260m post modern facade to the bbc tv production centre 2011 by fashion architecture taste 24 cardiff city centre is approximately 1 mile north of cardiff bay notable modern buildings in the city centre include cardiff central library which opened in 2009 the new cardiff central library opened in march 2009 is an example of sustainable architecture the building was specifically designed to be energy efficient and includes a sedum grass roof to improve insulation and reduce rainwater run off coloured glass panels and solar shading to prevent excessive heat gains and a full building management system to provide climate control to individual floors as a result of these measures the building was awarded a breeam rating of excellent 25 royal welsh college of music drama north road completed a 22 5 million redevelopment in 2011 the impressive exterior blends with the nearby civic centre and parklands using portland stone cladding and vertical cedar louvres the interior contains an art gallery and a new recital hall 26 the cardiff international sports village and st david s 2 shopping centre are large leisure complexes underway as of 2009 criticism edit a number of important buildings have been lost to development in the latter decades of the 20th century the institute of welsh affairs iwa has bemoaned the frightful new multi storey car parks that have replaced key victorian buildings 27 for example the classical old fire station in westgate street was replaced by a car park in the 1960s the white stuccoed capel ebenezer was replaced by a superstore and the grand wood street congregational church was replaced by an office block 27 the iwa argued for more thought by planners for creative re use of our sadly neglected historic town centre buildings 27 see also edit listed buildings in cardiff list of tallest buildings in cardiff references edit tinniswood a a history of british architecture bbc history updated 29 march 2011 retrieved 24 october 2011 1 2 3 museum of wales rhagor webpages medieval cardiff archived 18 june 2011 at the wayback machine 4 may 2007 retrieved 24 october 2011 the city parish of st john the baptist cardiff parish history retrieved 25 october 2011 llandaff cathedral website a short history archived 17 december 2007 at the wayback machine updated 23 december 2010 retrieved 25 october 2011 1 2 stewart williams ed south glamor...