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b c under the reign of king agron an ardiaean by tribal origin his widow queen teuta attempted to gain a foothold in the adriatic but failed due to roman intervention historic accounts hold that king agron was hired 26 by king demetrius ii to repel the invasion of macedonia by the invading aetolians the ardiaei had 20 decuriae b the ancient geographer strabo listed the ardiaei as one of the three strongest illyrian peoples the other two being the autariatae and the dardani strabo writes 27 because they pestered the sea through their piratical bands the romans pushed them back from it into the interior and forced them to till the soil but the country is rough and poor and not suited to a farming population and therefore the tribe has been utterly ruined and in fact has almost been obliterated and this is what befell the rest of the peoples in that part of the world for those who were most powerful in earlier times were utterly humbled or were obliterated as for example among the galatae the boii and the scordistae and among the illyrians the autariatae ardiaei and dardanii and among the thracians the triballi that is they were reduced in warfare by one another at first and then later by the macedonians and the romans king agron son of pleuratus who belonged to the ruling house of the ardiaei disposed of the most powerful forces both by land and sea of any of the kings who had reigned in illyria before him 7 8 kingdom of the ardiaei in the late 3rd century bce prior to their war with rome in 229 bce theopompus in the second book of his philippics history of philip ii of macedon write that ardiaei had 300 000 slaves who were called prospelatae and they were like the helots 28 29 ardiaean dynasty edit the following list reports the members of the ardiaean dynasty documented as such in ancient sources or coinage 30 pleuratus fl c 280 bc father of agron ballaios fl c 260 230 bc attested only from silver and bronze coinage found abundantly along both coasts of the adriatic agron 231 bc son of pleuratus married triteuta with whom he had pinnes he then divorced his first wife and married teuta teuta 231 228 married agron and was queen regent for pinnes after agron s death demetrius fl c 228 219 bc married triteuta and was king regent for pinnes after teuta s abdication pinnes 220 after 217 son of agron and triteuta the branch of scerdilaidas and his successors pleuratus iii and gentius is generally considered a labeatan dynasty that emerged after the fall of agron and teuta in the first roman illyrian war indeed the illyrian king gentius is also attested as reigning among the labeatae 31 it is possible that the decline of the ardiaean dynasty after queen teuta s defeat in the first illyrian war against rome caused the emergence of the labeatan dynasty on the political scene 32 see also edit list of illyrian peoples and tribes notes edit their name was written in ancient greek as ἀρδιαῖοι ardiaioi or οὐαρδαῖοι ouardaioi and in latin as vardiaei or vardaei 1 a group of ten men references edit wilkes 1992 p 216 croatian encyclopedia retreating before the celts after 300 bc they occupied the coastal belt from today s makarska littoral to pelješac šašel kos 2005 p 320 the ardiaei were certainly also settled in the hinterland along the naro river at least as far as the konjic region wilkes 1992 p 188 probably the result of pressure from new illyrian groups including the ardiaei and delmatae moving towards the adriatic 1 2 vickers 1999 p 2 1 2 dyczek 2020 pp 423 433 1 2 wilkes 1992 pp 156 157 agron son of pleuratus belonged to the ruling house of the ardiaei agron was king of that part of illyrian which borders adriatic sea over which pyrrhus and his successors had held sway in turn he captured part of epirus and also corcyra epidamnus and pharos in succession and established garrisons in them appian illyrike 7 the new power disposed of the most powerful force both by land and sea of any of the kings who had reigned in illyria before him we are informed by polybius 2 2 1 2 shehi 2023 pp 183 184 plb 2 11 the romans taking the epidamnians under their protection advanced into the interior of illyricum subduing the ardiaei as they went vardaei geo dzino 2010 p 64 1 2 wilkes 1992 p 139 describes a long running feud between the autariatae and the ardiaei over the possession of a salt source near their common border p 223 the salt source that was a cause of conflict between the illyrian ardiaei and autariatae may be that at orahovica in the upper neretva valley near konjic app ill 1 in like manner the ardiæi who were distinguished for their maritime power were finally destroyed by the autarienses whose land forces were stronger but whom they had often defeated wilkes 1992 elsie 2015 p 2 their name may be related to the heron lat ardea as a totem symbol dzino 2010 p 46 mesihović 2014 p 94 1 2 šašel kos 2013 p 250 šašel kos 2013 p 255 šašel kos 2013 p 253 jaupaj 2019 p 68 šašel kos 2005 p 320 dzino 2005 p 58 jaupaj 2019 pp 67 68 wilkes 1992 p 221 to the greek world the illyrians appeared heavy drinkers from the drinking bouts of the ardiaei from which intoxicated men were conveyed home by their women who had also participated to the overindulgence of their kings the cambridge ancient history volume 7 part 1 by frank william walbank 1984 isbn 0 521 23445 x page 452 strab 7 5 a dictionary of greek and roman antiquities 1890 pelatae athenaeus deipnosophistae 6 101 dzino 2010 p xvii dzino 2014 p 57 mesihović šačić 2015 p 49 šašel kos 2007 p 133 dyczek 2019 pp 198 200 dzino 2010 p xvii dzino 2014 p 57 waterfield 2014 p 57 šašel kos 2007 p 137 jaupaj 2019 p 69 sources edit bearzot cinzia 2004 celti in illiria a proposito del frg 40 di teopompo in urso gianpaolo ed dall adriatico al danubio l illirico nell età greca e romana atti del convegno internazionale cividale del friuli 25 27 settembre 2003 i convegni della fondazione niccolò canussio in italian ets pp 63 78 isbn 884671069x dyczek piotr 2019 illyrian king ballaios king agron and queen teuta from ancient rhizon anodos studies of the ancient world 13 2013 trnavská univerzita v trnave filozofcká fakulta 195 202 issn 1338 5410 dyczek piotr 2020 rhizon capital of the illyrian kingdom some remarks in krzysztof jakubiak adam lajtar eds ex oriente lux studies in honour of jolanta młynarczyk wydawnictwa uniwersytetu warszawskiego pp 423 433 dzino danijel 2005 late republican illyrian policy of rome 167 60 bc the bifocal approach in c deroux ed studies in latin literature and roman history vol 12 latomus pp 48 73 isbn 9782870312285 dzino danijel 2010 illyricum in roman politics 229 bc ad 68 cambridge university press isbn 978 0 521 19419 8 dzino danijel 2014 illyrians in ancient ethnographic discourse dialogues d histoire ancienne 40 2 45 65 doi 10 3917 dha 402 0045 elsie robert 2015 the early history of albania pdf keeping an eye on the albanians selected writings in the field of albanian studies vol 16 isbn 978 1 5141 5726 8 ferone claudio 2004 appiano illyr 3 e la pirateria illirica nel iv sec a c appian illyr 3 and the illyrian piracy in the 4th century bc hermes in italian 132 3 franz steiner verlag 326 337 jstor 4477612 hammond n g l 1982 illyris epirus and macedonia in john boardman n g l hammond eds the cambridge ancient history the expansion of the greek world eighth to sixth centuries b c vol iii part 3 2 ed cambridge university press isbn 0521234476 hammond n g l 1994 illyrians and north west greeks the cambridge ancient history volume 6 the fourth century bc cambridge university press 422 443 doi 10 1017 chol9780521233484 017 isbn 9780521233484 cite journal cs1 maint periodical has isbn link jaupaj lavdosh 2019 etudes des interactions culturelles en aire illyro épirote du vii au iii siècle av j c thesis université de lyon instituti i arkeologjisë albanie katičić radoslav 1976 ancient languages of the balkans mouton p 158 lippert andreas matzinger joachim 2021 die illyrer geschichte archäologie und sprache kohlhammer verlag isbn 9783170377103 mesihović salmedin 2014 ιλλυρικη ilirike in bosnian sarajevo filozofski fakultet u sarajevu isbn 978 9958 0311 0 6 mesihović salmedin šačić amra 2015 historija ilira history of illyrians in bosnian sarajevo univerzitet u sarajevu university of sarajevo isbn 978 9958 600 65 4 papazoglu fanula 1978 the central balkan tribes in pre roman times triballi autariatae dardanians scordisci and moesians amsterdam hakkert isbn 9789025607937 šašel kos marjeta 2005 appian and illyricum narodni muzej slovenije isbn 978 961 6169 36 3 severyn bernolak vladoila kolarić 1912 iz povjesti bosne i hercegovine ardijejci vlast nakl šašel kos marjeta 2007 the illyrian king ballaeus some historical aspects in berranger danièle centre de recherches sur les civilisations antiques eds épire illyrie macédoine mélanges offerts au professeur pierre cabanes presses universitaire blaise pascal isbn 978 2 84516 351 5 šašel kos marjeta 2013 the great lake and the autariatai in pseudo skylax mélanges de l école française de rome antiquité 125 1 247 257 doi 10 4000 mefra 1376 shehi eduard 2023 archaic classical and roman pottery in galaty michael l bejko lorenc eds archaeological investigations in a northern albanian province results of the projekti arkeologjik i shkodrës pash volume two artifacts and artifact analysis memoirs series vol 64 university of michigan press isbn 9781951538699 stipčević aleksandar 1974 the illyrians history and culture 1977 ed noyes press isbn 978 0815550525 vickers miranda 1999 the albanians a modern history new york i b tauris isbn 978 1 86064 541 9 wilkes john j 1992 the illyrians oxford united kingdom blackwell publishing isbn 0 631 19807 5 waterfield robin 2014 taken at the flood the roman conquest of greece oup oxford isbn 978 0 19 166414 4 v t e illyrians tribes albani amantes amantini ardiaei docleatai labeatae atintanians autariatae azali balaites baridustae bassanitae breuci bylliones daesitiates dalmatae tariotes daorsi dardani galabri thuantai dassaretii enchelei eneti grabaei iapodes iapygians dauni messapi peuceti mazaei narensi osseriates parthini penestae pirustae sardiatae siculotae taulantii abroi people agron anastasius i dicorus artas of messapia astius audata aurelian ballaios baraliris bardylis bardylis ii bato the breucian bato the daesitiate bato dardani bircenna caeria caius caravantius celer cleitus constantine the great constantius chlorus constantius ii cynane dando demetrius of pharos diocletian eleutherius and antia epulon etuta flavianus galaurus gentius glaucias of taulantii grabos i grabos ii gratian gratianus funarius irenaeus of sirmium jerome jovian justin i justinian i longarus marcellinus comes monounios monunius mytilos peter the patrician pinnes plator pleuratus i pleuratus ii pleuratus iii pleurias scerdilaidas sirras tacitus teuta triteuta valens valentinian i valentinian ii political entities ardiaean labeatan autariatan dardanian kingdom dassaretan enchelean illyrian kingdom taulantian geography cities settlements acruvium kotor ad acroceraunia ad quintum albanopolis amantia andetrium antipatreia apollonia arduba arnissa aspalathos split aulon bargulum bassania berat bouthoe brundisium bushat byllis chinna chrysondyon creonion damastion daorson lower neretva dardana fortress delminium desilo lower neretva dimale doclea doracium dresnik duboc dukat dyrrhachium epidamnus durrës enkelana epicaria eugenium gertus hedum castellum hija e korbit iader or idassa zadar kinna kodrion kratul lissus lezhë lofkënd lychnidus matohasanaj meteon mursa osijek nareste nikadin nikaia klos oneum oria oricum palaeste parthus pelion persqopi petra pituntium pogradec castle pola pula poslishte promona rabije ragusa rhizon romajë runik salona salvia scampa elbasan selcë e poshtme sesarethus setovia scodra shkodër thronion tilurium tragurion trogir triport tsangon ugento ulkinium ulpiana uscana vendenis zgërdhesh albanopolis culture central bosnian cultural group coinage daunian stele education fibulae glasinac mati culture gradistë belt plate monte saraceno woman pileus pottery daunian desilo messapian peucetian soleto map spectacle brooch tombs boka përçeva selca e poshtme trebeništa masks vače belt plate vače situla tattooing albanian traditional tattooing sicanje religion and mythology religion andinus bindus deipaturos zojz en medaurus perëndi prende tomorr nymphaion swastika warfare and weaponry illyrian invasion of epirus alexander s balkan campaign siege of pelium dardanian bastarnic war invasions of epidamnus illyro roman wars roman macedonian wars battles erigon valley lyncestis paxos pharos phoenice roman dalmatian wars caesar s civil war battle of dyrrhachium 48 bc batonian war desilo shipyard helmet lembus liburna sibyna sica sieges issa medion oricum language illyrian proposed vocabulary roman period illyrian emperors dioceses dacia illyricum macedonia prefectures illyricum provinces dardania delmatia epirus nova illyricum macedonia moesia superior pannonia pannonia inferior pannonia prima pannonia savia pannonia secunda pannonia superior sirmium other illyrology origin of the albanians albanian paganism history of the balkans prehistory of southeastern europe lists people tribes illyrian tribes settlements timeline category v t e albania articles history illyrians ardiaei albanoi amantes amantini balaites bylliones dassaretii enchele labeatae parthini taulantii middle ages 1190 1385 principality of arbanon kingdom of albania despotate of arta house of kastrioti ottoman period 1385 1912 skanderbeg s rebellion league of lezhë kanun of lekë dukagjini arbëni council islamization of albania albanian pashaliks massacre of the albanian beys revolts of 1833 1839 uprising of dervish cara albanian national awakening league of prizren congress of manastir revolt of 1910 malissori uprising taksim meeting revolt of 1912 kimza government independence 1912 present declaration of independence anthem provisional government of albania albania during the balkan wars republic of central albania principality of albania 1914 25 world war i in albania autonomous province of korçë italian expedition vlora war treaties of tirana republic of mirdita albanian republic 1925 1928 albanian kingdom 1928 1939 italian invasion of albania union with italian kingdom nazi german occupation the holocaust in albania albanian resistance during world war ii communist albania 1946 91 orthography congress 1972 fall of communism post communist albania 1997 civil unrest nato membership eu accession flamingo revolution 2026 see also origins timeline archives geography landscape mountains rivers lakes islands environment climate biodiversity habitat protected areas politics executive government agencies head of state list prime minister foreign relations political parties treaties visa policy judiciary vetting institutions kpa ikp onm kpk constitution corruption euralius spak prosecutor general subdivisions nuts counties municipalities cities and towns communes villa...