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table version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia for other uses see armenian legion disambiguation armenische legion armenian legion patch of the legion active 4 july 1942 8 june 1944 size 11 600 33 000 troops 1 2 engagements world war ii eastern front commanders ceremonial chief drastamat kanayan military unit the armenian legion german armenische legion armenian հայկական լեգիոն romanized haykakan legion was a military unit in the german army during world war ii it primarily consisted of soviet armenians who wanted to fight the soviets for an independent armenia and commanded by general drastamat kanayan 812th battalion edit armenian soldiers the short lived republic of armenia established in 1918 was occupied by the russian bolsheviks in 1920 and incorporated shortly after into the soviet union this was something which members of the armenian revolutionary federation arf dashnaks political party never reconciled themselves with as many of them were imprisoned killed or expelled by soviet authorities following the soviet takeover in 1942 in order to fight turkey s anti armenian politicking a number of dashnaks entered into negotiations with berlin and reluctantly agreed to participate in the formation of a military legion 3 this was a move however that was officially repudiated by arf party organs 4 the majority of the soldiers in the 812th battalion legion were drawn from the ranks of the red army prisoners of war who had opted to fight for the german army rather than face the brutal conditions of the nazi pow camps 5 though a number of armenian veterans who had escaped to the united states after world war i also came back to europe to join it 6 command of the unit was given to a former defense minister of armenia general drastamat kanayan dro kanayan was among the minority in the legion who volunteered under the hope of freeing soviet armenia from the control of moscow 7 through the span of active service the 812th battalion participated in the occupation of the crimean peninsula and the north caucasus one unit comprising a part of the armenian legion was the 4th battalion of the 918th grenadier regiment 242 infanterie division one of the few eastern legion units to be given german insignia after march 18 1944 the battalion participated in the unsuccessful defense of toulon 8 at the end of the war morale among the men in the unit began to collapse many in the legion deserted or defected 9 hans houterman reported that in one case a battalion in the netherlands where the legion was stationed even revolted 10 many men surrendered to the western allied forces if not detained by them they were turned over to soviet authorities who in accordance with an order proclaimed by joseph stalin sent them to camps in siberia as punishment for surrendering to axis forces and allowing themselves to be captured a fate suffered by nearly all of the former soviet prisoners of the war 1 several jewish red army pows were saved by some of the armenians in the legion and there were several instances of jews being sent to the battalion to evade detection by the nazis josef moisevich kogan a red army soldier captured by the germans for example stated that he received help by an armenian doctor in the 812th battalion when he was snuck into the battalion itself later escaping with the help of the dutch underground 11 other armenian infantry battalions edit there were a number of other units that armenians also served in aside from the 812th battalion their total number according to joris versteeg reaching 33 000 1 of these 14 000 were placed in field battalions while another 7 000 served in logistical and other non combat units ailsby puts the number of armenians in the legions and replacement battalions closer to 11 600 2 the other units included 808th battalion formed in july 1942 in poland consisted of 916 armenians and 41 germans participated in the battles in the area of tuapse in october 1942 the battalion was disarmed and re formed into a road construction unit 809th battalion zeytun formed on 29 august 1942 in poland consisted of 913 armenians and 45 germans part of the 128th grenadier regiment 48th infantry division led by commander hermann becker on 18 november 1942 was sent to join operations in the caucasus participated in the battles in the areas of nalchik mozdok kuban and the battle of the kerch peninsula later served in the netherlands and on 16 october 1943 the battalion arrived in belgium from 29 november to 20 december 1943 the battalion conducted training exercises at the training ground in sissonne on 8 january 1944 it was moved to south beveland and occupied a defensive line for the defense of the atlantic wall the number of all personnel at the beginning of february 1944 the year was 844 consisting of 792 armenians the battalion was transferred to normandy in august 1944 where as a result of the allied operation overlord ceased to exist due to large losses 810th battalion formed in 1942 in poland 812th engineering battalion began organization on 25 november 1942 and was finally formed on 1 february 1943 in the city of puławy poland the battalion service in the polish city of radom it was relocated on 10 march 1943 to the netherlands in order to strengthen the defense capability of the atlantic wall and was placed near the town of bergen op zoom the battalion had its own priest and the ability to carrying out religious activities strictly in accordance with the armenian calendar the battalion observed christian holidays and baptisms were held armenian legion soldier of the 812th engineering battalion during a mass service in 1943 officiated by father yeghishe utudjian 813th battalion formed in february 1943 in poland served on protecting the atlantic wall 814th battalion formed in the summer of 1943 in poland 815th battalion formed in august 1943 in poland 816th battalion formed in late 1943 in poland i 125 battalion formed in february 1943 in ukraine was transferred to the western front to defend the south of france located 30 kilometers north of the city of marseille near the town of aix en provence i 198 battalion formed in september 1942 in ukraine was transferred to the western front to defend the south of france located on the south west of toulon ii 9 battalion formed in september 1942 in ukraine was transferred to the western front to defend the south of france located in the small town of hyères in the direction of saint tropez by the coast nazi perspective edit although the nazis acknowledged armenians as aryans adolf hitler still espoused little trust in them 1 12 minister of the occupied territories and racial theorist alfred rosenberg declared that the armenians were indo european or aryans and thus they were immediately subject to conscription according to versteeg however although armenians officially were considered aryans the notion of them being levantine traders similar to the jews was deep seated in nazi circles and racial purists along with hitler himself were prone to look upon the armenians as non aryans 12 speaking about military units from soviet peoples hitler said i don t know about these georgians they do not belong to the turkic peoples i consider only the muslims to be reliable all others i deem unreliable for the time being i consider the formation of these battalions of purely caucasian peoples very risky while i don t see any danger in the establishment of purely muslim units in spite of all declarations from rosenberg and the military i don t trust the armenians either 12 the 809th battalion from 1943 on was stationed in the netherlands 13 rank insignia edit second set of insignia depicts turkestan caucasian and volga tatar units patches and rank badges with the provisions for the establishment of the eastern legions of 24 april 1942 members of the eastern legions were to wear german army uniforms with the german eagle russians ukrainians and belarusians were allowed german uniform but not the german eagle neither german military ranks nor german rank insignia were however to be used members of the eastern legions were given positional insignia denoting which position in the command hierarchy held the following positions were used in the eastern legions stellvertretender gruppenführer assistant squad leader gruppenführer squad leader stellvertretender zugführer assistant platoon leader zugführer platoon leader stellvertretender kompanieführer assistant company commander kompanieführer company commander 14 according to okh instruction 8a 3 29 4 1943 all in closed formations or as hilfswilliger employed armenian soldiers in the wehrmacht heer would collectively be known as the armenian legion in may 1943 rank insignia of czarist russian type were introduced followed in december 1943 by those shown in the tables below 15 1943 generäle stabsoffiziere hauptleute leutnante collar insignia shoulder insignia general der waffengattung generalleutnant generalmajor oberst oberstleutnant major hauptmann oberleutnant leutnant source 15 1943 unteroffiziere mit portepee unteroffiziere ohne portepee mannschaften collar insignia shoulder insignia feldwebel unteroffizier gefreiter grenadier source 15 see also edit turkestan legion azerbaijani legion georgian legion 1915 1918 georgian legion 1941 1945 ostlegionen notes edit 1 2 3 4 auron yair 2003 the banality of denial israel and the armenian genocide new brunswick nj transaction publishers p 262 isbn 0 7658 0834 x 1 2 ailsby christopher 2004 hitler s renegades foreign nationals in the service of the third reich staplehurst kent spellmount pp 123 124 isbn 1 57488 838 2 kurt mehner germany oberkommando der wehrmacht bundesarchiv germany militärarchiv arbeitskreis für wehrforschung die geheimen tagesberichte der deutschen wehrmachtführung im zweiten weltkrieg 1939 1945 1 december 1943 29 february 1944 p 51 suny ronald g soviet armenia in the armenian people from ancient to modern times volume ii foreign dominion to statehood the fifteenth century to the twentieth century ed richard g hovannisian new york st martin s press 1997 pp 366 367 isbn 0 312 10168 6 auron yair the banality of denial p 261 auron yair the banality of denial p 238 walker christopher j armenia the survival of a nation new york palgrave macmillan 1990 p 357 thomas nigel 2000 the german army 1939 45 5 stephen andrew oxford osprey publishing pp 43 44 isbn 1 85532 797 x auron the banality of denial houterman hans 1997 eastern troops in zeeland netherlands 1943 1944 bayside ny axis europa books auron the banality of denial p 262 1 2 3 dallin alexander 1957 german rule in russia 1941 1945 a study of occupation policies new york st martin s press pp 229 251 auron the banality of denial pp 262 263 hoffman joachim 1981 die ostlegionen 1941 1943 freiburg p 35 1 2 3 littlejohn david 1994 foreign legions of the third reich volume 4 united states of america r james publishing pp 269 271 isbn 9780912138299 further reading edit thomassian levon summer of 42 a study of german armenian relations during the second world war atglen pa schiffer military history 2012 battalion zaytun v t e ranks uniforms and insignia of nazi germany uniforms heer luftwaffe kriegsmarine ss sa deutsches jungvolk league of german girls ranks and insignia comparative ranks of nazi germany wehrmacht heer luftwaffe kriegsmarine geheime feldpolizei militärverwaltungsbeamte schutzstaffel waffen ss allgemeine ss ss runes nazi paramilitary nazi party sa national socialist flyers corps german air sports association national socialist motor corps reichsluftschutzbund reich labour service german red cross volkssturm organisation todt hitler youth women s auxiliary services reichsbahn bahnschutzpolizei reich security main office kriminalpolizei gestapo sicherheitsdienst zollgrenzschutz sicherheitspolizei ordnungspolizei administrative police feuerschutzpolizei luftschutzpolizei postschutz schutzmannschaft technische nothilfe rosenberg rmbo reichsleiter rosenberg taskforce speer transportflotte legion transportkorps forest service forstschutzkommando deutsche jägerschaft collaborationist forces denmark dnsap vichy france groupe mobile de réserve milice française norway rikshirden statspolitiet italy black brigades italian social republic poland blue police soviet union armenian legion byelorussian home defence russian liberation army rona trawniki yugoslavia einsatzstaffel independent state of croatia russian protective corps in serbia czechoslovakia slovak republic vládní vojsko corps colours heer luftwaffe waffen ss sa decorations orders decorations and medals of nazi germany nazi party flags wehrmacht and heer luftwaffe kriegsmarine blutfahne v t e soviet prisoners of war responsibility oberkommando der wehrmacht allgemeines wehrmachtsamt oberkommando des heeres quartermaster general eduard wagner korücks army group rear area command events persecution and atrocities georgian uprising on texel mühlviertler hasenjagd military collaboration cossack collaborators xv ss cossack cavalry corps hiwis ostlegionen armenian legion azerbaijani legion georgian legion idel ural legion north caucasian legion turkestan legion russian liberation army trawniki men soviet response nkvd filtration camps order no 270 repatriation of soviet citizens after world war ii legal aspects 1899 and 1907 hague conventions 1929 geneva convention criminal orders barbarossa decree commissar order guidelines for the conduct of the troops in russia war crimes trials international military tribunal high command trial related articles bandenbekämpfung forced labour under german rule during world war ii hunger plan the holocaust myth of the clean wehrmacht soviet prisoners of war in finland soviet repressions against former prisoners of war war crimes of the wehrmacht war of annihilation historiography empire of destruction keine kameraden tamurbek dawletschin retrieved from https en 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