Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

in, languages, history, and, games, linguistics, of, typography, programming, asterisk, contents, etymology, usage, encodings, see, also, notes, references, censorship, competitive, sports, computing, economics, education, fluid, mechanics, human, genetics, mathematics, music, religious, texts, star, life, statistical, results, telephony, unique, uses, other, unicode, baseball, cricket, adding, machines, printing, calculators, information, technology, historical, ungrammaticality, optimality, theory, phonetic, transcription, mathematical, german, comments, ambiguity,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (397), asterisk (183), and (137), for (73), that (67), used (65), from (63), with (58), retrieved (43), edit (43), this (39), archived (38), mark (37), are (37), #language (33), original (33), asterisks (32), not (32), spoked (30), star (29), text (28), was (27), symbol (27), other (27), 2023 (27), linguistics (27), displaystyle (25), september (23), articles (23), also (22), example (22), symbols (20), when (20), word (20), usage (20), use (19), one (19), languages (18), may (18), such (18), denote (18), 2020 (17), gender (17), all (16), sign (16), record (16), has (16), indicate (16), punctuation (15), 2025 (14), information (14), but (14), indicates (14), uses (14), some (14), many (14), heavy (14), april (13), doi (13), two (13), page (12), american (12), which (12), operator (12), german (11), august (11), unicode (11), jstor (11), character (11), called (11), six (11), more (11), name (11), containing (10), 2018 (10), list (10), english (10), history (10), maris (10), season (10), its (10), any (10), forms (10), baseball (10), unsourced (9), greek (9), question (9), reference (9), books (9), typography (9), characters (9), after (9), lines (9), ungrammatical (9), eight (9), found (9), games (9), wikipedia (8), statements (8), 2024 (8), common (8), typographical (8), how (8), printing (8), standard (8), phonetic (8), international (8), journal (8), 2017 (8), series (8), historical (8), marks (8), first (8), see (8), five (8), teardrop (8), will (8), needed (8), including (8), form (8), print (8), level (8), set (8), later (8), file (8), document (8), different (7), chinese (7), section (7), double (7), mathematical (7), 2013 (7), can (7), 978 (7), isbn (7), another (7), home (7), they (7), would (7), had (7), like (7), bold (7), pointed (7), citation (7), sometimes (7), part (7), only (7), phrase (7), often (7), notation (7), programming (7), prints (7), parameter (7), search (6), using (6), june (6), references (6), marked (6), wayback (6), ancient (6), number (6), november (6), university (6), com (6), being (6), association (6), special (6), what (6), issn (6), linguistic (6), call (6), houston (6), game (6), his (6), life (6), years (6), critical (6), into (6), words (6), placed (6), asteriskos (6), article (6), been (6), should (6), three (6), plural (6), systems (6), reconstructed (6), during (6), table (5), terms (5), arabic (5), authors (5), asterism (5), 2019 (5), guide (5), october (5), 2016 (5), footnote (5), machine (5), works (5), book (5), complete (5), pdf (5), written (5), 2007 (5), householder (5), codes (5), key (5), markdown (5), syntax (5), records (5), there (5), data (5), aristarchus (5), considered (5), were (5), because (5), four (5), preceded (5), following (5), purpose (5), where (5), people (5), message (5), over (5), comment (5), than (5), computing (5), several (5), just (5), price (5), comments (5), main (5), kwargs (5), args (5), python (5), wildcard (5), sports (5), toggle (4), contents (4), statement (4), code (4), about (4), trademark (4), non (4), 2026 (4), sources (4), phrases (4), january (4), proto (4), latin (4), dagger (4), bar (4), minus (4), point (4), consortium (4), neutral (4), world (4), log (4), bounding (4), online (4), letters (4), complex (4), conjugate (4), chicago (4), optimality (4), theory (4), 1086 (4), current (4), grammar (4), human (4), early (4), fluid (4), mechanics (4), new (4), york (4), run (4), bonds (4), really (4), very (4), even (4), russia (4), cyber (4), centre (4), education (4), next (4), combined (4), specific (4), make (4), typographic (4), dictionary (4), given (4), acceptable (4), notes (4), convention (4), however (4), small (4), below (4), ast (4), include (4), place (4), refer (4), binary (4), applied (4), represent (4), action (4), before (4), alternative (4), group (4), out (4), especially (4), commonly (4), superscript (4), adding (4), results (4), result (4), texts (4), html (4), mathematics (4), between (4), denoted (4), unary (4), transcription (4), output (4), unattested (4), impossible (4), important (4), sentences (4), 332 (4), single (4), century (4), variable (4), economics (4), computer (4), user (4), function1 (4), ruby (4), calculators (4), strong (4), luck (4), due (4), fans (4), tainted (4), ruth (4), obelus (4), asterix (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), privacy (3), available (3), additional (3), inc (3), categories (3), cs1 (3), specifically (3), names (3), reliable (3), links (3), japanese (3), description (3), index (3), title (3), version (3), service (3), plus (3), multiplication (3), signs (3), degree (3), hyphen (3), dash (3), dinkus (3), middle (3), space (3), sprache (3), december (3), post (3), internet (3), zimmer (3), ben (3), 2012 (3), manual (3), google (3), second (3), 161 (3), well (3), wolfram (3), press (3), hdl (3), 2010 (3), s2cid (3), 2307 (3), philosophy (3), pronouns (3), personal (3), here (3), theoretical (3), 208 (3), scrabble (3), 2011 (3), 1963 (3), ibm (3), discourse (3), them (3), keith (3), norton (3), company (3), shady (3), barry (3), means (3), report (3), string (3), national (3), help (3), grawlix (3), technology (3), sigla (3), less (3), known (3), did (3), line (3), repeated (3), practice (3), aristophanes (3), elements (3), style (3), denotes (3), preferred (3), those (3), marginal (3), unacceptability (3), ungrammaticality (3), while (3), chomsky (3), generative (3), already (3), introduced (3), confused (3), medium (3), light (3), musical (3), pedal (3), balloon (3), open (3), telephony (3), 2217 (3), low (3), entire (3), font (3), further (3), encodings (3), year (3), instead (3), formed (3), reading (3), etymology (3), functional (3), general (3), shown (3), self (3), linguist (3), put (3), sigh (3), station (3), messages (3), usually (3), might (3), correct (3), good (3), textual (3), media (3), censorship (3), break (3), certain (3), zero (3), statistical (3), same (3), bible (3), music (3), most (3), free (3), respectively (3), ring (3), similar (3), could (3), parenthesis (3), inside (3), her (3), both (3), purposes (3), arose (3), genetics (3), types (3), races (3), top (3), variables (3), instance (3), create (3), ignored (3), compiler (3), pascal (3), function3 (3), function2 (3), def (3), function (3), total (3), machines (3), love (3), italicized (3), cat (3), meow (3), related (3), changes (3), return (3), ment (3), kleene (3), team (3), runs (3), cricket (3), though (3), competitive (3), term (3), frick (3), have (3), appearance (3), asterick (3), disambiguation (3), tools (3), statistics (2), contact (2), policy (2), registered (2), wikimedia (2), commons (2), rendered (2), edited (2), 2022 (2), needing (2), weasel (2), worded (2), pages (2), germanic (2), maint (2), numeric (2), lacking (2), short (2), wikidata (2), php (2), korean (2), hebrew (2), math (2), paragraph (2), manicule (2), bracket (2), copyright (2), vertical (2), underscore (2), basis (2), slash (2), full (2), stop (2), colon (2), miscellaneous (2), leibniz (2), institut (2), für (2), deutsche (2), gendersternchen (2), der (2), man (2), genderstern (2), washington (2), around (2), descriptions (2), cyberpragmatics (2), united (2), nations (2), thomas (2), london (2), introduction (2), library (2), art (2), glossary (2), edition (2), practical (2), instructions (2), www (2), telephone (2), mackellar (2), mathworld (2), 1996 (2), perrett (2), 1921 (2), 2027 (2), john (2), 1075 (2), 1949 (2), 1968 (2), 3622896 (2), 306765 (2), 123 (2), east (2), 431525 (2), anthropology (2), look (2), 2941036 (2), 2409 (2), 2878 (2), monograph (2), variety (2), july (2), popolocan (2), reconstruction (2), 1973 (2), 365 (2), arguments (2), bloomfield (2), leonard (2), 1933 (2), graffi (2), giorgio (2), descriptive (2), 1999 (2), club (2), link (2), cite (2), committee (2), interchange (2), projects (2), fieldata (2), 026 (2), punch (2), emphasis (2), pragmatics (2), repair (2), michael (2), mcgwire (2), steroids (2), times (2), roger (2), barra (2), allen (2), 2001 (2), 2021 (2), 2014 (2), 2008 (2), real (2), infrastructure (2), pre (2), cni (2), security (2), particularly (2), wisconsin (2), public (2), system (2), student (2), nonstandard (2), orthography (2), 84614 (2), 647 (2), 1992 (2), pause (2), west (2), mcnamee (2), these (2), obelos (2), indicated (2), elsewhere (2), passages (2), duplicated (2), him (2), appeared (2), sense (2), philology (2), robert (2), ἀστερίσκος (2), heritage (2), own (2), acceptability (2), gradations (2), examples (2), strange (2), preceding (2), sentence (2), questionable (2), 336 (2), adopted (2), possibly (2), simply (2), others (2), almost (2), sextile (2), komejirushi (2), change (2), triangular (2), extremely (2), 1d1af (2), slavonic (2), a673 (2), propeller (2), sixteen (2), lowast (2), combining (2), 204e (2), 203b (2), midast (2), 002a (2), display (2), reason (2), takes (2), feminine (2), male (2), singular (2), possible (2), genders (2), fahrer (2), innen (2), portal (2), acquisition (2), origin (2), based (2), analysis (2), unique (2), kind (2), describing (2), necessarily (2), misspelling (2), previous (2), morning (2), spaced (2), jump (2), thought (2), multiple (2), footnotes (2), learn (2), material (2), news (2), find (2), citations (2), replaced (2), hash (2), left (2), valid (2), shorthand (2), alone (2), displayed (2), significance (2), printings (2), off (2), few (2), religious (2), regular (2), included (2), rather (2), without (2), parallel (2), sum (2), composition (2), groups (2), arbitrary (2), distributions (2), closure (2), combination (2), cohomology (2), vector (2), mathbb (2), hermitian (2), adjoint (2), transpose (2), matrix (2), algebra (2), functor (2), smooth (2), prefix (2), seen (2), longer (2), violation (2), mean (2), meanings (2), latter (2), meaning (2), cases (2), ambiguity (2), wake (2), expected (2), intermediary (2), reconstructions (2), ainlif (2), recorded (2), method (2), 369 (2), came (2), 331 (2), 20th (2), hypothetical (2), modern (2), expanded (2), existent (2), within (2), cran (2), etc (2), someone (2), haplogroup (2), players (2), right (2), splat (2), replace (2), signify (2), power (2), supplements (2), type (2), various (2), spread (2), splatbooks (2), playing (2), hkdse (2), distinguished (2), hong (2), kong (2), grade (2), foreign (2), optimal (2), notations (2), modula (2), object (2), source (2), represents (2), functions (2), stream (2), procedure (2), step (2), control (2), representing (2), exponentiation (2), unfilled (2), tuple (2), positional (2), extra (2), parameters (2), aggregated (2), perl (2), global (2), surrounding (2), italicizes (2), bolds (2), comics (2), command (2), exist (2), interfaces (2), files (2), began (2), career (2), player (2), batsman (2), 107 (2), mlb (2), astros (2), again (2), late (2), ruling (2), steroid (2), become (2), pronounced (2), controversy (2), old (2), 154 (2), league (2), held (2), listed (2), down (2), classified (2), censored (2), 000 (2), librarian (2), spurious (2), along (2), papyrus (2), hypothesis (2), panelists (2), pronunciation (2), astericks (2), upload (2), read (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), subsection (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, developers, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, under, apply, site, you, agree, profit, organization, foundation, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, parsoid, last, utc, hidden, excerpts, plain, ipa, march, webarchive, template, 1453, https, org, oldid, 1376349444, vietnamese, whitespace, logic, accents, diacritics, currency, sortable, pilcrow, lozenge, hedera, aldus, fleuron, ditto, guillemet, prime, apostrophe, quotation, sound, recording, bullet, tie, radical, tilde, division, diameter, per, mille, percent, ordinal, indicator, numero, percontation, inverted, interrobang, exclamation, ellipsis, backslash, caret, ampersand, dot, semicolon, comma, anglizismus, des, jahres, walser, franziska, alumniportal, deutschland, fair, stefanowitsch, anatol, sprachlog, gendergap, und, gesprochenen, bukenberger, carina, leonarto, wie, spricht, einen, berger, miriam, developing, loxton, rachel, local, fräulein, germany, revolution, halley, mitch, seximal, net, pennsylvania, fogarty, mignon, quickanddirtytips, editorial, indicators, walter, rogers, grevel, 1891, 184, bibliography, knowledge, management, cataloguing, bibliographical, topographical, centres, trueman, abel, heywood, son, 1880, eclectic, hand, learners, copious, quotations, forming, itu, int, arrangement, digits, telephones, devices, gaining, access, network, smiths, jordan, philadelphia, 1870, printer, beginners, directions, managing, departments, office, chapter, 878, 877, pullum, geoffrey, ladusaw, william, 2nd, 228, phonétique, internationale, 89048935472, textes, pour, nos, élèves, dɔytʃ, vachek, josef, 1989, 1987, luelsdorff, philip, benjamins, 152, 272, 2064, revisited, remarks, redundancy, regard, capitalization, graphemes, 317, 232345365, 89001200120, 1017, s0025100311000089, principles, mccarthy, 268, 1111, 1749, 818x, 00018, compass, benton, richard, winter, 146, 104, oceanic, numeral, attributive, classifiers, trukese, timberlake, alan, summer, 1975, 138, slavic, european, hierarchies, genitive, negation, everett, daniel, 2005, 646, 2223235, 2066, 41103, 621, cultural, constraints, cognition, pirahã, design, features, simons, mandy, 420, 408, definite, critique, wilson, hui, ling, xiv, 304, 23826160, aspect, chaozhou, synchronic, jieyang, 潮州話揭陽方言語法研究, veerman, leichsenring, annette, 2000, 359, 143785664, 1265625, 0020, 7071, 466428, 318, independent, comparison, cheng, tsai, 1985, 182, 23886826, mandarin, thelanguagenerds, linguists, know, extinct, existed, 376, 25000725, 0015, 900x, foundations, 1984, 226, 06067, 2002, 338, 04gra, 329, historiographia, linguistica, note, golla, victor, 211, 43102468, 1055, 1360, 1525, jlin, tucson, white, fourth, wcb, mcgraw, hill, standards, sectional, computers, processing, sponsor, business, equipment, manufacturers, approved, sensitiveresearch, wps, univac, columbia, basic, february, collister, lauren, 921, 1016, pragma, 025, 918, forbes, let, wilbon, 2004, d10, tarnished, deserve, espn, comes, clean, admits, salfino, jersey, worn, going, auction, salon, myth, entirely, sphere, 393, 24154, secret, ten, 756, reminder, lomas, natasha, plenty, sections, contain, crucial, eliding, strategic, specifics, exactly, targeting, undertaken, positioning, activity, ncsc, advised, russian, intrusion, sectors, techcrunch, gov, asleep, wheel, ops, threat, warns, department, instruction, wisedash, redaction, watching, merriam, webster, wutiolarn, nopsarun, damrong, attaprechakul, study, vowel, omission, auditionsea, institute, thammasat, werner, edgar, 1997, 284, englishes, caribbean, africa, asia, australasia, parkes, stabilization, routledge, 85967, 742, effect, kathleen, brussels, fondation, egyptologique, reine, elisabeth, select, marginalia, literary, papyri, schironi, francesca, tautologies, transpositions, 630, 608, spit, suspect, want, delete, completely, operation, athetesis, athetized, unsuitable, passage, 607, roman, byzantine, studies, sch, obelized, wrongly, places, mistakenly, ascribes, frag, 424, slater, 26543431, 0009, 837x, 689961, 112, classical, byzantium, homer, maguire, laurie, gnomic, oxford, pressoxford, 236, 886210, 1093, oso, 9780198862109, 003, 0004, 171, rhetoric, bringhurst, vancouver, hartley, 303, henry, george, liddell, scott, perseus, lexicon, 2015, states, 119, uncertainty, classificatory, base, encountered, rough, approximations, follows, normal, marginally, unacceptable, succinctly, 623, 409, clause, numerous, confusing, detailed, delay, circulated, among, grammarians, who, grammarian, automatic, unconsciously, resembling, stars, astrological, radiating, intervals, equivalent, identify, errors, editors, manuscripts, obelism, device, tag, e002a, 1f7bf, 1f7be, 1f7bd, 1f7bc, 1f7bb, 1f7ba, 1f7b9, 1f7b8, 1f7b7, 1f7b6, 1f7b5, 1f7b4, 1f7b3, 1f7b2, 1f7b1, 1f7b0, 1f7af, fullwidth, ff0a, fe61, easter, equals, 2a6e, squared, 29c6, 274b, 274a, 2749, pinwheel, 2743, 273d, 273c, 273b, 273a, 2733, 2732, 2731, 2725, 2724, 2723, 2722, circledast, oast, circled, 229b, above, 20f0, aligned, vertically, 2051, 2042, flower, 2055, 066d, 0359, asian, width, compared, differently, browsers, fonts, chiefly, controversial, decision, zapf, dingbats, grapheme, named, anglicism, alternatives, medial, capital, inherently, woman, gap, binnen, speech, signalled, glottal, placing, appending, suffix, driver, becomes, drivers, makes, stem, lit, diminutive, cyclists, dismount, amended, radfahrer, absteigen, terminology, prescriptivism, lgbtq, iconicity, descriptivism, conservative, innovative, compositionality, autonomy, topics, structuralism, systemic, prague, circle, interactional, grammaticalization, construction, cognitive, glossematics, distributionalism, dependency, constituency, formalist, frameworks, interpreting, translating, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, phonetics, neurolinguistics, lexicography, interlinguistics, forensic, documentation, corpus, conversation, computational, anthropological, typology, semantics, phonology, morphology, diachronic, outline, excerpt, situations, aren, stage, direction, writer, express, disappointment, does, literally, gas, robbery, conversational, corrections, misstatements, electronic, replacement, retraction, writing, immediate, delivery, instant, consisting, solely, corrected, correction, send, mroning, messaging, twitter, italic, items, bullets, arranged, formation, centered, scene, illustrate, alice, adventures, wonderland, commas, colons, periods, except, typically, positioned, accompanying, numbers, marketing, advertising, readers, discreetly, conditions, remove, please, challenged, scholar, newspapers, removed, improve, needs, keypad, keys, invariably, pound, countries, hex, recommends, suggests, navigate, menus, ussd, quick, feature, unstructured, supplementary, voice, mail, 26b9, telecommunication, union, square, tone, dialling, scientific, publications, employed, testing, likelihood, occurred, chance, popular, levels, 001, hypotheses, overlaid, health, cross, crescent, ambulances, rod, asclepius, emergency, medical, services, breath, psalms, divide, verse, psalm, portions, responsive, british, prayer, seven, subdivisions, weekly, torah, portion, verses, reader, haftara, leeser, geneva, king, james, scripture, deliberate, liturgical, piano, lifted, sustain, fine, position, windows, macintosh, operating, printers, large, operators, sitting, centerline, baseline, postscript, branches, designate, correspondence, quantities, letter, operands, natural, transformations, horizontal, convolution, product, infix, points, relation, reflexive, transitive, indexed, collection, objects, dual, nonzero, setminus, field, units, multiplicative, generally, application, covariant, doubt, exists, meant, manifolds, map, pushforward, differential, subscript, spaces, rightarrow, hodge, contracting, connected, singleton, riemann, sums, stand, highlights, exhaustive, usual, keine, rede, wird, nichts, daraus, sagte, hediger, kurz, zɑːktə, ˈheːdigər, ˈkurts, virt, ˈniçts, daˈraˑus, ˈkɑinə, ˈreːdə, historically, proper, noun, gottfried, keller, das, fähnlein, sieben, aufrechten, alphabet, tableau, cells, constraint, since, either, contexts, distinguish, retain, append, differentiate, end, continuum, complemented, avoided, outright, lack, opening, existence, areas, front, separate, masculine, irregular, كبريات, kubrayāt, أكابر, akābir, kubar, according, rule, actually, actual, proximate, older, 322, thirteenth, eleven, endleofan, directly, therefore, comparative, unelucidated, unclear, degrees, ill, native, speaker, expansion, credited, describes, conventional, fred, claims, credit, argues, predates, 330, noam, analogy, variously, prepended, occur, isolation, occurs, compound, french, italian, 160, cranberry, 334, cited, schleicher, range, depending, discussed, attested, surviving, posited, problematic, flag, unpronounceable, member, subclades, illegal, play, made, producer, featured, prominently, pieces, goodson, show, female, esoteric, differ, doing, moos, muds, creature, toughness, amount, magic, gathering, originated, supplement, third, prior, revision, wild, stone, divine, warrior, tome, blood, sword, fist, dungeons, dragons, werewolf, apocalypse, tribebook, black, furies, vampire, masquerade, clanbook, ventrue, darkness, splats, role, property, sonic, speed, examination, grades, highest, candidate, attain, diploma, secondary, examinations, singapore, psle, kingdom, economic, country, achieved, perfect, market, situation, corresponding, employment, supported, encoding, ascii, cards, keypunch, each, way, handling, universal, maple, ocaml, applescript, mathematica, oberon, size, ought, readable, far, sighted, body, format, css, displays, input, borrow, java, block, fully, ary, haskell, default, appears, sysout, job, exponential, apl, dict, expand, definition, likewise, keyword, array, typeglob, dialects, 125, fortran, ada, conventionally, lisp, declare, pointer, dereference, rust, models, terminal, difference, addition, subtraction, sequence, printout, markup, translates, renders, enclosing, subject, performing, better, cough, etiquette, calls, misspelled

Text of the page (random words):
mation 15 when a document containing classified information is published the document may be redacted or sanitized by replacing the classified information with asterisks this has notably been the case in the public release of the uk s intelligence and security committee russia report 16 competitive sports and games edit in colloquial usage an asterisk attached to a sporting record indicates that it is somehow tainted this is because results that have been considered dubious or set aside are recorded in the record books with an asterisk rendering to a footnote explaining the reason or reasons for concern 17 during the first decades of the 21st century the asterisk came to denote a tainted accomplishment initially due to its use in north american sports records 18 this tainted usage soon spread to american politics 19 baseball edit barry bonds 756th home run baseball at the national baseball hall of fame and museum the usage of the term in sports arose during the 1961 baseball season in which roger maris of the new york yankees was threatening to break babe ruth s 34 year old single season home run record ruth had amassed 60 home runs in a season with only 154 games but maris was playing the first season in the american league s newly expanded 162 game season baseball commissioner ford c frick a friend of ruth s during the legendary slugger s lifetime held a press conference to announce his ruling that should maris take longer than 154 games both records would be acknowledged by major league baseball but that some distinctive mark his term 20 be placed next to maris which should be listed alongside ruth s achievement in the record books the asterisk as such a mark was suggested at that time by new york daily news sportswriter dick young not frick 20 the reality however was that mlb had no direct control over any record books until many years later and it all was merely a suggestion on frick s part within a few years the controversy died down and all prominent baseball record keepers listed maris as the single season record holder for as long as he held the record 20 nevertheless the stigma of holding a tainted record remained with maris for many years and the concept of a real or figurative asterisk denoting less than accepted official records has become widely used in sports and other competitive endeavors a 2001 tv movie about maris s record breaking season was called 61 pronounced sixty one asterisk in reference to the controversy 21 uproar over the integrity of baseball records and whether or not qualifications should be added to them arose again in the late 1990s when a steroid fueled power explosion led to the shattering of maris record even though it was obvious and later admitted 22 by mark mcgwire that he was heavily on steroids when he hit 70 home runs in 1998 ruling authorities did nothing to the annoyance of many fans and sportswriters three years later self confessed steroid user barry bonds pushed that record out to 73 and fans once again began to call for an asterisk in the sport s record books fans were especially critical and clamored louder for baseball to act during the 2007 season as bonds approached and later broke hank aaron s career home run record of 755 23 the houston astros 2017 world series win was marred after an investigation by mlb revealed the team s involvement in a sign stealing scheme during that season fans appalled by what they perceived to be overly lenient discipline against the astros players nicknamed the team the houston asterisks 24 cricket edit the asterisk has several uses in cricket it signifies a total number of runs scored by a batsman without losing their wicket e g 107 means 107 not out where only the scores of the two batsmen that are currently in are being shown an asterisk following a batsman s score indicates that he is due to face the next ball to be delivered when written before a player s name on a scorecard it indicates the captain of the team it is also used on television when giving a career statistic during a match for example 47 in a number of matches column means that the current game is the player s 47th computing edit in computer science the asterisk is commonly used as a wildcard character or to denote pointers repetition or multiplication in regular expressions the asterisk is used to denote zero or more repetitions of a pattern this use is also known as the kleene star or kleene closure after stephen kleene in unified modeling language the asterisk is used to denote zero to many classes in some command line interfaces such as unix shells and microsoft s cmd the asterisk is the wildcard character or wildcard symbol and stands for any string of characters a common use of the wildcard is in searching for files on a computer for instance if a user wished to find a document called document 1 search terms such as doc and d ment would return this file due to being a wildcard they could also return files like document 2 and only the latter dark knight monument jpg document would in fact return any file that begins with document and d ment any file that began with d and had ment somewhere in its name in some graphical user interfaces an asterisk is pre or affixed to the current working document name shown in a window s title bar to indicate that unsaved changes exist in many computing and internet applications an asterisk is displayed in place of the characters of sensitive or confidential visible information such as a password in commodore and related file systems an asterisk appearing next to a filename in a directory listing denotes an improperly closed file commonly called a splat file in travel industry global distribution systems the asterisk is the display command to retrieve all or part of a passenger name record in html web forms a usually red asterisk can be used to denote required fields chat room etiquette calls on one asterisk to correct a misspelled word or typo that has already been submitted for example one could post lck then follow it with luck or luck the placement of the on the left or right is a matter of personal style to correct the word s spelling or if it s someone else that notices the mistake they might also use luck or luck 25 this also applies to typos that result in a different word from the intended one but are correctly spelled in comics enclosing a word or phrase between two asterisks is used to denote an action the subject is performing e g cough 26 better source needed in markdown and other markup languages surrounding a set of characters or words in one asterisk italicizes two asterisks bolds and three asterisks both italicizes and bolds 27 see the table below for examples of all three uses of the asterisk in markdown including how it translates to html and how it renders markdown italicized text is the cat s meow i just love bold text this text is really important html italicized text is the em cat s meow em i just love strong bold text strong this text is em strong really important strong em rendered output italicized text is the cat s meow i just love bold text this text is really important adding machines and printing calculators edit some models of adding machines and printing calculators use the asterisk to denote the total or the terminal sum or difference of an addition or subtraction sequence respectively the symbol is sometimes given on the printout to indicate this total citation needed programming languages edit many programming languages and calculators use the asterisk as a symbol for multiplication it also has a number of special meanings in specific languages for instance in some languages such as c c rust and go the asterisk is used to dereference or declare a pointer variable in common lisp the names of global variables are conventionally set off with asterisks like this in ada fortran perl python ruby some dialects of pascal and many others a double asterisk is used to signify exponentiation 5 3 is 5 3 125 in perl the asterisk is used to refer to the typeglob of all variables with a given name in ruby and python the asterisk has two specific uses first the unary operator applied to a list object inside a function call will expand that list into the positional arguments of the function call second a parameter preceded by in the parameter list in a function definition will result in any extra positional parameters being aggregated into a tuple python or array ruby and likewise a parameter preceded by will result in any extra keyword parameters being aggregated into a dictionary python or hash ruby an example in python 3 def function1 a b c d print a b c d def function2 first args args will be a tuple the name args is convention it may be any parameter name print args def function3 first kwargs kwargs will be a dict the name kwargs is convention it may be any parameter name print kwargs function1 1 2 3 4 prints 1 2 3 4 function1 1 2 3 4 prints 1 2 3 4 function1 a 5 b 6 c 7 d 8 prints 5 6 7 8 function2 1 2 3 4 prints 2 3 4 1 is not part of args function2 99 prints unfilled parameter will be function3 0 e 3 f 9 prints e 3 f 9 0 is not part of kwargs function3 0 prints unfilled parameter will be in apl the asterisk represents the exponential and exponentiation functions with x representing e x and y x representing y x in ibm job control language the asterisk has various functions including in stream data in the dd statement the default print stream as sysout and as a self reference in place of a procedure step name to refer to the same procedure step where it appears in haskell the asterisk represents the set of well formed fully applied types that is a 0 ary kind of types comments in programming languages edit main article block comments in the b programming language and languages that borrow syntax from it such as c php java or c comments in the source code for information to people ignored by the compiler are marked by an asterisk combined with the slash this section displays message if user input was not valid comment ignored by compiler css also uses this comment format body this ought to make the text more readable for far sighted people font size 24 pt some pascal like programming languages such as object pascal modula 2 modula 3 and oberon and other languages such as ml wolfram language mathematica applescript ocaml standard ml and maple use an asterisk combined with a parenthesis do not change this variable it is used later comment ignored by compiler each computing language has its own way of handling comments and similar notations are not universal history of information technology edit the asterisk was a supported symbol on the ibm 026 keypunch introduced in 1949 and used to create punch cards with data for early computer systems 28 it was also included in the fieldata character encoding 29 and the ascii standard 30 31 32 economics edit in economics the use of an asterisk superscript indicates that the variable such as price output or employment is at its optimal level that which is achieved in a perfect market situation for instance p displaystyle p is the price level p displaystyle p when output y displaystyle y is at its corresponding optimal level of y displaystyle y also in international economics asterisks are commonly used to denote economic variables in a foreign country so for example p displaystyle p is the price of the home good and p displaystyle p is the price of the foreign good etc education edit in the a level examinations in the united kingdom and the psle in singapore a a star is a special top grade that is distinguished from grade a in the hong kong diploma of secondary education hkdse examination in hong kong 5 5 star star and 5 5 star are two special top grades that are distinguished from level 5 level 5 is the highest level a candidate can attain in hkdse fluid mechanics edit in fluid mechanics an asterisk in superscript is sometimes used to mean a property at sonic speed 33 games edit certain categories of character types in role playing games are called splats and the game supplements describing them are called splatbooks this usage originated with the shorthand book for this type of supplement to various world of darkness games such as clanbook ventrue for vampire the masquerade or tribebook black furies for werewolf the apocalypse and this usage has spread to other games with similar character type supplements for example dungeons dragons third edition has had several lines of splatbooks the x y series including sword fist and tome blood prior to the 3 5 revision the complete x series including complete warrior and complete divine and the races of x series including races of stone and races of the wild in magic the gathering an asterisk is used on a creature s power and or toughness when it s a variable amount in many muds and moos as well as male female and other more esoteric genders there is a gender called splat which uses an asterisk to replace the letters that differ in standard english gender pronouns for example h is used rather than him or her also asterisks are used to signify doing an action for example action game show producer mark goodson used a six pointed asterisk as his trademark it is featured prominently on many set pieces from the price is right scrabble players put an asterisk after a word to indicate that an illegal play was made 34 human genetics edit in human genetics is used to denote that someone is a member of a haplogroup and not any of its subclades see haplogroup linguistics edit in linguistics an asterisk may be used for a range of purposes depending on what is being discussed the symbol is used to indicate reconstructed words that are not attested for in surviving texts including words of proto languages for modern languages it may be placed before posited problematic word forms phrases or sentences to flag that they are hypothetical ungrammatical unpronounceable etc citation needed historical linguist august schleicher is cited as first using the asterisk for linguistic purposes specifically for unattested forms that are linguistic reconstructions 35 208 using the asterisk for descriptive and not just historical purposes arose in the 20th century 36 334 by analogy with its use in historical linguistics the asterisk was variously prepended to hypothetical or unattested elements in modern language 36 332 its usage also expanded to include non existent or impossible forms leonard bloomfield 1933 uses the asterisk with forms such as cran impossible to occur in isolation cran only occurs within the compound cranberry 37 160 36 331 such usage for a non existent form was also found in french german and italian works in the middle of the 20th century 36 332 34 asterisk usage in linguistics later came to include not just impossible forms but ungrammatical sentences those that are ill formed for the native speaker 36 332 the expansion of asterisk usage to entire sentences is often credited to noam chomsky but chomsky in 1968 already describes this ...