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au file format wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 new format 2 references 3 external links toggle the table of contents au file format 12 languages català deutsch español suomi français hrvatski italiano 日本語 한국어 türkçe українська yorùbá edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia simple audio file format au filename extension au snd internet media type audio basic headerless format 1 type code public au audio 2 public ulaw audio 3 headerless variant magic number snd newer versions developed by sun microsystems type of format audio file format container format container for audio most often μ law the au file format is a simple audio file format introduced by sun microsystems the format was common on next systems and on early web pages originally it was headerless being 8 bit μ law encoded data at an 8000 hz sample rate 1 hardware from other vendors often used sample rates as high as 8192 hz often integer multiples of video clock signal frequencies newer files have a header that consists of six unsigned 32 bit words an optional information chunk which is always of non zero size and then the data in big endian format although the format now supports many audio encoding formats it remains associated with the μ law logarithmic encoding this encoding was native to the sparcstation 1 hardware where sunos exposed the encoding to application programs through the dev audio device file interface this encoding and interface became a de facto standard for unix sound new format edit all fields are stored in big endian format including the sample data 4 5 uint32 word field description 0 magic number the value 0x2e736e64 four ascii characters snd 1 data offset the offset to the data in bytes in the older sun version this had to be a multiple of 8 the minimum valid number is 28 decimal since this is the header length six 32 bit words plus a minimal annotation size 4 bytes another 32 bit word 2 data size data size in bytes not including the header if unknown the value 0xffffffff should be used 3 encoding data encoding format unspecified 8 bit g 711 μ law 8 bit linear pcm 16 bit linear pcm 24 bit linear pcm 32 bit linear pcm 32 bit ieee floating point 64 bit ieee floating point fragmented sample data nested unclear format dsp program 8 bit fixed point 16 bit fixed point 24 bit fixed point 32 bit fixed point unassigned non audio display data μ law squelch format 6 16 bit linear with emphasis 16 bit linear compressed 16 bit linear with emphasis and compression music kit dsp commands music kit dsp commands samples itu t g 721 4 bit adpcm itu t g 722 sb adpcm itu t g 723 3 bit adpcm itu t g 723 5 bit adpcm 8 bit g 711 a law values 0 through 255 are supposed to be assigned by a file format authority was next now oracle other values can be used for custom formats 5 4 sample rate the number of samples second e g 8000 11025 22050 44100 and 48000 4 next may use 8013 5 5 channels the number of interleaved channels e g 1 for mono 2 for stereo more channels possible but may not be supported by all readers 6 optional annotation or description string null terminated a minimum of 4 bytes must be stored even if unused in the older sun version its length had to be a non zero multiple of 8 bytes in some older implementations the string is not properly null terminated but the offset remains reliable 4 the type of encoding depends on the value of the encoding field word 3 of the header formats 2 through 7 are uncompressed linear pcm therefore technically lossless although not necessarily free of quantization error especially in 8 bit form formats 1 and 27 are μ law and a law respectively both companding logarithmic representations of pcm and arguably lossy as they pack what would otherwise be almost 16 bits of dynamic range into 8 bits of encoded data even though this is achieved by an altered dynamic response and no data are discarded formats 23 through 26 are adpcm which is an early form of lossy compression usually with four bits of encoded data per audio sample for 4 1 efficiency with 16 bit input or 2 1 with 8 bit input several of the others number 8 through 22 are dsp commands or data designed to be processed by the next music kit software note pcm formats are encoded as signed data as opposed to unsigned the current format supports only a single audio data segment per file the variable length annotation field is currently ignored by most audio applications references edit 1 2 audio basic iana org retrieved 23 february 2023 avfiletypesunau apple developer documentation apple inc system declared uniform type identifiers uniform type identifiers reference apple inc 1 2 3 oracle man pages au 4 au audio file format current specification 1 2 3 audio file formats faq file formats sox sourceforge net archived from the original on 23 february 2023 audio file and compression formats docs oracle com external links edit oracle man pages audio 7i generic audio device interface for information on the dev audio interface v t e multimedia compression and container formats video compression iso iec mpeg dv mjpeg motion jpeg 2000 mpeg 1 mpeg 2 part 2 mpeg 4 part 2 asp part 10 avc part 33 ivc mpeg h part 2 hevc mpeg i part 3 vvc mpeg 5 part 1 evc part 2 lcevc itu t vceg h 120 h 261 h 262 h 263 h 264 avc h 265 hevc h 266 vvc h 267 enhanced compression model smpte vc 1 vc 2 vc 3 vc 5 vc 6 truemotion and aomedia truemotion s vp3 vp6 vp7 vp8 vp9 av1 av2 chinese standard avs1 p2 avs gb t 20090 2 16 avs2 p2 gb t 33475 2 gy t 299 1 hdr vivid gy t 358 avs3 p2 gy t 368 others apple video avs bink cinepak daala dvi ffv1 huffyuv indeo lagarith microsoft video 1 msu lossless oms video pixlet prores 422 4444 quicktime animation graphics realvideo rtvideo sheervideo smacker sorenson video spark theora thor ut wmv xeb yuls audio compression iso iec mpeg mpeg 1 layer ii multichannel mpeg 1 layer i mpeg 1 layer iii mp3 aac he aac aac ld mpeg surround mpeg 4 als mpeg 4 sls mpeg 4 dst mpeg 4 hvxc mpeg 4 celp mpeg d usac mpeg h 3d audio itu t g 711 a law µ law g 718 g 719 g 722 g 722 1 g 722 2 g 723 g 723 1 g 726 g 728 g 729 g 729 1 ietf opus ilbc speex vorbis flac 3gpp amr amr wb amr wb evrc evrc b evs gsm hr gsm fr gsm efr etsi ac 3 ac 4 dts bluetooth sig sbc lc3 chinese standard avs1 p10 gb t 20090 10 avs2 p3 gb t 33475 3 audio vivid gy t 363 dra gb t 22726 exac sj t 11299 4 others acelp alac asao atrac celt codec 2 isac lyra melp monkey s audio mt9 musepack optimfrog osq qcelp rcelp realaudio sd2 shn silk siren smv svopc tta true audio twinvq vmr wb vselp wavpack wma mqa aptx aptx hd aptx low latency aptx adaptive ldac lhdc llac truehd image compression iec iso ietf w3c itu t jpeg ccitt group 4 gif heic heif hevc jbig jbig2 jpeg jpeg 2000 jpeg ls jpeg xl jpeg xr jpeg xs jpeg xt png apng tiff tiff ep tiff it others av1 avif bpg djvu exr flif icer mng pgf qoi qtvr wbmp webp containers iso iec mpeg es mpeg pes mpeg ps mpeg ts iso iec base media file format mpeg 4 part 14 mp4 motion jpeg 2000 mpeg 21 part 9 mpeg media transport itu t h 222 0 t 802 ietf rtp ogg matroska smpte gxf mxf others 3gp and 3g2 amv asf aiff avi au bpg bink smacker bmp divx media format evo flash video heif iff m2ts matroska webm quicktime file format ratdvd realmedia riff wav mod and tod vob ifo and bup collaborations netvc mpeg la alliance for open media methods entropy arithmetic huffman modified lpc acelp celp lsp wlpc lossless lossy lz deflate lzw pcm a law µ law adpcm dpcm transforms dct fft mdct wavelet daubechies dwt lists comparison of audio coding formats comparison of video codecs list of codecs see compression methods for techniques and compression software for codecs retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title au_file_format oldid 1295201339 categories computer file formats digital container formats audio codecs hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 12 june 2025 at 09 33 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia 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