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ction 2 1 africa 2 1 1 togo 2 2 asia 2 2 1 cambodia 2 2 2 china 2 2 3 iran 2 2 4 south korea 2 3 europe 2 3 1 belgium 2 3 2 bulgaria 2 3 3 finland 2 3 4 germany 2 3 5 greece 2 3 6 portugal 2 3 7 romania 2 3 8 ukraine 2 4 latin america 2 4 1 chile 2 5 north america 2 5 1 united states 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents authoritarian conservatism 8 languages français עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 한국어 português română українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia political ideology part of a series on conservatism variants authoritarian corporatist cultural fiscal green liberal libertarian moderate national paternalistic populist pragmatic progressive religious social traditionalist ultra principles ancestral worship authority traditional balance of power class collaboration cultural heritage cultural values discipline duty noblesse oblige elitism aristocracy meritocracy ethical order familialism family as a state model family values fundamentalism gender roles historism honour imperialism law and order loyalty monarchism patriarchalism royalism moral absolutism natalism nationalism state natural law norms mores ordered liberty organicism organised religion state orthodoxy patriarchy patriotism property rights public morality rule of law social stratification social order sovereignty subsidiarity tradition intellectuals johnson hume burke gibbon more maistre bonald chateaubriand coleridge karamzin savigny carlyle ranke newman tocqueville dostoevsky taine le bon pareto nordau maurras iorga spengler jabotinsky ilyin savarkar schmitt eliot hurston mannheim jünger evola strauss röpke gadamer freyre voegelin oakeshott burnham lefebvre qutb kuehnelt leddihn gómez dávila conquest kirk solzhenitsyn motahhari koselleck mishima buckley sowell mansfield scruton hoppe dugin peterson politicians adams hamilton charles x pitt canning metternich disraeli bismarck salisbury dmowski mannerheim baldwin horthy metaxas churchill adenauer de gasperi chiang salazar de gaulle dollfuss franco khomeini reagan powell nixon pinochet marcos park smith reza shah suharto lee zia vajpayee thatcher kohl fujimori khamenei howard trump bush kaczyński netanyahu modi putin erdoğan abe sarkozy bolsonaro yoon takaichi orbán cameron milei meloni bukele religion christian democracy christian right confucianism clericalism hindutva integralism islamism jewish conservatism religious zionism traditionalist school ultramontanism personal variants berlusconism bukelism cameronism chiangism erdoğanism francoism fujimorism gaullism janismo kaczyzm khomeinism klausism maurrassisme mellismo metaxism orbanism powellism piñerismo pinochetism putinism qutbism reaganism sarkozysm thatcherism trumpism ziaism national variants asia bangladesh china hong kong india iran israel japan malaysia pakistan south korea taiwan turkey europe france germany iceland italy russia serbia sweden united kingdom latin america brazil colombia peru north america canada united states oceania australia new zealand related ideologies agrarianism authoritarian capitalism black conservatism us clerical fascism communitarianism conservative democracy conservative feminism conservative liberalism conservative socialism corporatism hispanic conservatism us left conservatism lgbtq conservatism ordoliberalism para fascism reactionism related topics anti abortion movements anti communism white terror anti gender movement anti immigration nativism conservative wave natcon radical right europe us right realism right wing politics alt authoritarianism centre dictatorship far libertarian new small c conservative toryism conservatism portal politics portal v t e the template far right politics sidebar is being considered for deletion part of a series on far right politics main ideologies accelerationism fascism neo para proto nazism neo neo nationalism populism radical anti communism reactionism ultraconservatism ultramonarchism ultranationalism principles anti democracy antifeminism anti leftism anti lgbtq antiscience authoritarianism chauvinism supremacism culture war cumulative extremism declinism exceptionalism exclusionism grievance politics metapolitics militarism nativism organicism patriarchy remigration sedevacantism history first second white terror fascism pre 1922 1922 1945 1945 present confederate states of america disfranchisement after the reconstruction era jim crow laws fascist italy kokkashugi nazi germany estado novo francoist spain apartheid south africa rhodesia years of lead italy operation condor israeli settler violence 2015 european migrant crisis 2024 south korean martial law crisis presidency of donald trump first second topics dictatorship internet usage social centres subcultures terrorism anti communist mass killings white terror by country australia canada croatia finland france germany israel italy new zealand poland russia serbia slovenia spain switzerland ukraine united kingdom movements alt right conspirituality counter jihad european new right identitarian movement french far right leagues kahanism neo confederates nyurait ŭ radical pro unification faction radical right europe united states reichsbürger movement uyoku dantai related authoritarian conservatism national social anti rights movements fin de siècle imperialism settler colonialism modernisation losers thesis neo feudalism reverse post material thesis social breakdown thesis politics portal v t e authoritarian conservatism is a political ideology that seeks to uphold order tradition and hierarchy often with forcible suppression of radical and revolutionary enemies such as communists nazis and anarchists 1 authoritarian conservative movements and regimes have included chiangism in china 2 metaxism in greece 3 francoism in spain 4 horthyism in hungary 5 and vichyism in france 6 the rise of authoritarian conservatism coincided with the rise of fascism in some cases the authoritarian conservatism clashed with fascism like in austria and portugal while in other cases like in francoist spain vichy france and fascist italy it cooperated with fascism 7 although both ideologies espoused nationalism and anti communism the traditionalist nature of authoritarian conservatism made it distinct from the revolutionary palingenetic and populist nature of fascism 8 9 while fascism espoused vitalism irrationalism or secular neo idealism the authoritarian conservatism based its views on the traditional religion 10 although the concept of authority has been identified as a core tenet of conservatism in general 11 12 authoritarian conservatism is only one of many different forms of conservatism it is contrasted with libertarian conservatism which was a formerly dominant form of conservatism in the united states 13 ideology edit historical roots edit the two philosophical forefathers of conservatism edmund burke and joseph de maistre inspired two separate forms of conservatism whereas the first was rooted in a more libertarian whig tradition the latter was ultramontane ultra royalist and ultimately authoritarian 14 g w f hegel has also been identified as one of the most important conservative philosophers 15 16 especially his work elements of the philosophy of right 1821 has exerted a powerful influence over conservative ideology 17 hegel inspired right wing authoritarians such as rudolf kjellén in sweden 18 and giovanni gentile in italy 19 classical liberals have been critical of hegel karl popper identified him as the chief ideologue of the authoritarian prussian state and considered him one of the main ideological enemies of an open society 20 and isaiah berlin accused him as being one of the architects of modern authoritarianism 21 modern exponents edit german political theorist carl schmitt advocated authoritarian conservatism 22 23 referred to as an acute observer and analyst of the weaknesses of liberal constitutionalism by the stanford encyclopedia of philosophy schmitt was a critic of parliamentary democracy liberalism and cosmopolitanism 24 he developed a political theology around concepts such as sovereignty claiming that sovereign is he who decides on the exception and arguing for a dictatorial presidential power who could step outside the rule of law under a state of exception 25 julius evola an italian esoteric traditionalist has also been described influential authoritarian conservative philosopher 26 during the interwar period and world war ii evola criticized italian fascism for not enough radicalism and supported nazi germany calling for a synthesis of nazism and fascism after world war ii his ideas were presented as non fascist by his supporters 27 relation to fascism edit king alexander i of yugoslavia 1888 1934 was assassinated by croatian fascists authoritarian conservatism was prominent in the same era as fascism in some cases it presented its own movements distinct from fascism with which it sometimes clashed or in the cases of francoist spain vichy france and fascist italy it cooperated 7 the interwar period and world war ii saw examples of cooperation of authoritarian conservatism and fascism which made the distinction between them blurry 7 although both ideologies shared core values such as nationalism and had common enemies such as communism and materialism there was nonetheless a contrast between the traditionalist nature of authoritarian conservatism and the revolutionary palingenetic and populist nature of fascism thus it was common for authoritarian conservative regimes to suppress rising fascist and nazi movements 8 9 the hostility between the two ideologies is highlighted by the struggle for power in austria which was marked by the assassination of ultra catholic statesman engelbert dollfuss by austrian nazis likewise croatian fascists ustaše assassinated king alexander i of yugoslavia 28 failed verification edmund fawcett explains the difference between fascism and authoritarian conservatism as follows fascism to schematize is a form of totalitarianism it imposes control on every aspect of the state society economy and cultural life it works through a single party with an all embracing ideology commonly under a charismatic leader claiming to speak for the people its enemies are pluralism and diversity fascism stifles opposition by violence and fear and stabilizes itself by mobilizing popular engagement authoritarianism by contrast allows independent economic and social bodies forms of limited representation and a degree of freedom of religion its enemy is democratic participation it also stifles opposition by violence and fear but stabilizes itself by relying on passive acquiescence in a trade off of social quiet for loss of political role the fascist is a nonconservative who takes anti liberalism to extremes the right wing authoritarian is a conservative who takes fear of democracy to extremes 23 the authoritarian conservative right is distinguished from fascism in that such conservatives tended to use traditional religion as the basis for their philosophical views while fascists based their views on vitalism irrationalism or secular neo idealism 10 fascists often drew upon religious imagery but used it as a symbol for the nation and replaced spirituality with ultranationalism and statolatry even in the most religious of the fascist movements the romanian iron guard christ was stripped of genuine otherworldly mystery and was reduced to a metaphor for national redemption 29 a term used by some scholars is para fascism which refers to authoritarian conservative movements and regimes that adopt some characteristics associated with fascism such as personality cults paramilitary organizations symbols and rhetoric without committing to fascist tenets such as palingenetic ultranationalism modernism and populism 30 31 history edit africa edit togo edit gnassingbé eyadéma 1935 2005 the rally of the togolese people rtp was the ruling political party in togo from 1969 to 2012 it was founded by president gnassingbé eyadéma and headed by his son president faure gnassingbé after the former died in 2005 faure gnassingbé replaced the rpt with a new ruling party the national conservative union for the republic in april 2012 dissolving the rpt 32 33 asia edit cambodia edit the social republican party was a political party in cambodia founded by the then head of state lon nol on 10 june 1972 its platform was populist nationalist and anti communist lon nol being determined to oppose north vietnamese and chinese influence in the region in the context of the second indochina war the party s primary function however was to support and legitimise lon nol s leadership of the country he was later to develop a rather ramshackle chauvinist and semi mystical ideology called neo khmerism to back his political agenda 34 china edit see also chiangism and neoauthoritarianism han fei s legalism in the 3rd century b c advocated authoritarian conservatism that elevated the position of ruler 35 legalism argued that administrative discipline not confucian virtue was crucial for the governance of the state 36 modern chinese conservatism was often accompanied by authoritarianism the chinese nationalist party kuomintang kmt originally started out as a social democratic party that advocated westernization in the sun yat sen period but chiang kai shek the leader of the kmt who succeeded sun ruled conservative and anti communist right wing dictatorship after shanghai massacre in 1927 after the reform and opening up in 1980s neoauthoritarianism gained its root in the chinese communist party neoauthoritarianism is a conservative political thought that advocates for a powerful centralized state to promote market reforms within the chinese communist party ccp a concept that has been described as right wing and classically conservative despite including some aspects of marxist leninist and maoist theories 37 38 one of the top leaders and the gray eminence of the chinese commmunist party wang huning has criticized the western youth for their supposed rejection of traditional western values in his writing wang argues for a culturally unified and traditionalist china albeit mixed with marxist leninist theories 39 after xi jinping came to power china has become increasingly culturally conservative traditionalist and nationalist 40 41 42 furthermore xi jinping has also accelerated the crackdown on lgbtq activism and pornography production 43 44 45 in 2026 the cyberspace administration of china launched a campaign directing chinese social media platforms to censor content that promotes not marrying and not having children or that provokes gender antagonism 46 ira...