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n menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 usage toggle usage subsection 1 1 in hardware 1 2 in software 2 tradeoffs toggle tradeoffs subsection 2 1 benefits 2 2 costs 3 see also 4 references 5 external links toggle the table of contents backward compatibility 34 languages العربية azərbaycanca català čeština deutsch esperanto español eesti فارسی suomi français עברית hrvatski ido italiano 日本語 қазақша 한국어 lietuvių nederlands norsk bokmål polski português română русский simple english slovenčina svenska ไทย türkçe українська اردو tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from backward compatible technological ability to interact with older technologies the original wii model with the gamecube controller memory card and game disc showing backward compatibility with its predecessor in telecommunications and computing backward compatibility or backwards compatibility is a property of an operating system software real world product or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system or with input designed for such a system modifying a system in a way that does not allow backward compatibility is sometimes called breaking backward compatibility 1 such breaking usually incurs various types of costs such as switching cost a complementary concept is forward compatibility a design that is forward compatible usually has a roadmap for compatibility with future standards and products 2 usage edit in hardware edit a simple example of both backward and forward compatibility is the introduction of fm radio in stereo fm radio was initially mono with only one audio channel represented by one signal with the introduction of two channel stereo fm radio many listeners had only mono fm receivers forward compatibility for mono receivers with stereo signals was achieved by sending the sum of both left and right audio channels in one signal and the difference in another signal that allows mono fm receivers to receive and decode the sum signal while ignoring the difference signal which is necessary only for separating the audio channels stereo fm receivers can receive a mono signal and decode it without the need for a second signal and they can separate a sum signal to left and right channels if both sum and difference signals are received without the requirement for backward compatibility a simpler method could have been chosen 3 full backward compatibility is particularly important in computer instruction set architectures two of the most successful being the ibm 360 370 390 zseries families of mainframes and the intel x86 family of microprocessors ibm announced the first 360 models in 1964 and has continued to update the series ever since with migration over the decades from 32 bit register 24 bit addresses to 64 bit registers and addresses intel announced the first intel 8086 8088 processors in 1978 again with migrations over the decades from 16 bit to 64 bit the 8086 8088 in turn were designed with easy machine translatability of programs written for its predecessor in mind although they were not instruction set compatible with the 8 bit intel 8080 processor of 1974 the zilog z80 however was fully backward compatible with the intel 8080 fully backward compatible processors can process the same binary executable software instructions as their predecessors allowing the use of a newer processor without having to acquire new applications or operating systems 4 similarly the success of the wi fi digital communication standard is attributed to its broad forward and backward compatibility it became more popular than other standards that were not backward compatible 5 in software edit see also binary code compatibility dll hell and opaque pointer in software development backward compatibility is a general notion of interoperation between software pieces that will not produce any errors when its functionality is invoked via api 6 the software is considered stable when its api that is used to invoke functions is stable across different versions 6 in operating systems upgrades to newer versions are said to be backward compatible if executables and other files from the previous versions will work as usual 7 in compilers backward compatibility may refer to the ability of a compiler for a newer version of the language to accept source code of programs or data that worked under the previous version 8 a data format is said to be backward compatible when a newer version of the program can open it without errors just like its predecessor 9 tradeoffs edit the examples and perspective in this section may not represent a full view of the subject please improve this article by adding more general information and discuss the issue on the talk page may 2023 learn how and when to remove this message benefits edit there are several incentives for a company to implement backward compatibility one is that it can be used to preserve older software that would have otherwise been lost when a manufacturer decides to stop supporting older hardware video games are the most notable examples of this as it is most commonly discussed when discussing the value of supporting older software the cultural impact of video games is a large part of their continued success and some believe ignoring backward compatibility would cause these titles to disappear 10 backward compatibility can also act as a selling point for newly introduced hardware as the existing user install base for the preceding hardware can more affordably upgrade to subsequent generations of a console this can also help make up for the lack of titles at the launch of new systems as users can pull from the previous console s library of games while developers transition to the new hardware 11 for example the playstation 2 s backward compatibility with the original playstation ps software discs and peripherals is considered to have been one of the key selling points for the console during its early months on the market 12 13 moreover studies in the mid 1990s found that even consumers who never play older games after purchasing a new system consider backward compatibility a highly desirable feature valuing the mere ability to continue to play an existing collection of games even if they never choose to do so 13 despite not being included at launch microsoft slowly incorporated backward compatibility for select titles on the xbox one several years into its product life cycle 14 players have racked up over a billion hours with backward compatible games on xbox a large part of the success and implementation of this feature is that the hardware within newer generation consoles is both powerful and similar enough to legacy systems that older titles can be broken down and re configured to run on the xbox one 15 this program has proven incredibly popular with xbox players and goes against the recent trend of studio made remasters of classic titles creating what some believe to be an important shift in console makers strategies 14 the current generation of consoles such as the playstation 5 ps5 16 xbox series x s and nintendo switch 2 also support this feature as well costs edit the monetary costs of supporting old software is considered to be a large drawback to the usage of backward compatibility 11 13 the associated costs of backward compatibility are a larger bill of materials if hardware is required to support the legacy systems increased complexity of the product that may lead to longer time to market technological hindrances and slowing innovation and increased expectations from users in terms of compatibility 1 for video games this also creates the risk that developers will favor developing games that are compatible with both the old and new systems since this gives them a larger base of potential buyers resulting in a dearth of software which uses the advanced features of the new system 13 because of this several console manufacturers phased out backward compatibility towards the end of the console generation in order to reduce cost and briefly reinvigorate sales before the arrival of newer hardware 17 one such example of this approach was the playstation 3 ps3 where it initially featured backward compatibility with playstation 2 ps2 games via the inclusion of the onboard emotion engine and graphics synthesizer hardware chips on earlier revisions but were later removed on later systems to reduce hardware costs and improve console sales effectively eliminating ps2 backward compatibility from the console likewise most models of the wii had backward compatibility with the gamecube however this was stripped out on later models released in 2011 onwards also to reduce costs despite this it is still possible to bypass some of these hardware costs for instance earlier ps2 systems had the core of the original playstation ps1 cpu integrated into the i o processor for dual purpose use it could act as either the main cpu in ps1 mode or it can up clock itself to offload i o in ps2 mode the original i o core was replaced with a powerpc based core in later systems to serve the same functions emulating the same functions as the ps1 cpu core such an approach can backfire however as was the case of the super nintendo entertainment system snes which opted for the more peculiar 65c816 cpu over the more popular 16 bit microprocessors on the basis that it would allow for easier backwards compatibility with the original nintendo entertainment system nes due to the 65c816 s software compatibility with the 6502 cpu in emulation mode but ultimately proved to be unworkable once the rest of the snes s architecture was designed 18 see also edit bug compatibility backward compatibility that maintains known flaws compatibility mode computer compatibility deprecation downgrade attack emulator flag day computing forward compatibility legacy mode list of backward compatible games for xbox one and series x s list of xbox games compatible with xbox 360 reactos shim computing software regression vendor lock in references edit 1 2 belleflamme paul peitz martin 2010 strategies in standard wars industrial organization markets and strategies cambridge university press isbn 9780521862998 zeldman jeffrey 2006 designing with web standards peachpit press pp 15 16 isbn 0 321 38555 1 winder steve carr joseph 2002 newnes radio and rf engineering pocket book 3 ed newnes pp 121 123 isbn 9780080497471 naresh jotwani 2009 computer system organization tata mcgraw hill education pp 320 324 isbn 9781259081217 perahia eldad stacey robert 2013 foreword next generation wireless lans 802 11n and 802 11ac cambridge university press isbn 9781107016767 1 2 etc1m 2019 12 18 backward compatibility in software development what and why red star it retrieved 2023 05 13 what is backward compatible computer hope december 31 2022 retrieved 2023 05 13 kay michael 2004 xslt 2 0 programmer s reference wiley p 123 isbn 0 7645 6909 0 forward compatibility bos bert 2003 backwards compatibility what is a good standard archived from the original on march 11 2016 retrieved july 12 2016 backwards compatibility is the only way forward popmatters 2015 04 10 archived from the original on 2019 09 29 retrieved 2019 11 05 1 2 understanding backwards compatibility and how it benefits gamers tech magazine 2018 08 14 archived from the original on 2019 10 02 retrieved 2019 11 05 sony playstation 2 ps2 pnpgames archived from the original on july 13 2020 retrieved march 15 2020 1 2 3 4 backward compatibility for playstation 2 next generation no 39 march 1998 p 22 1 2 remasters aren t needed if the ps5 is completely backward compatible android central 2019 09 24 archived from the original on 2019 11 10 retrieved 2019 11 10 leadbetter richard 2017 12 09 xbox one backwards compatibility how does it actually work eurogamer archived from the original on 2019 01 14 retrieved 2019 11 10 wales matt march 20 2020 sony clarifies overwhelming majority of ps4 games will be backward compatible on ps5 eurogamer archived from the original on april 6 2020 retrieved april 8 2020 stein scott game consoles and the death of backward compatibility why we don t care cnet archived from the original on 2019 09 29 retrieved 2019 11 05 the snes was supposed to be backwards compatible gaming reinvented 2015 08 10 archived from the original on 2022 02 24 retrieved 2022 02 24 external links edit media related to backward compatibility at wikimedia commons v t e software engineering fields computer programming devops empirical software engineering experimental software engineering formal methods requirements engineering search based software engineering site reliability engineering social software engineering software deployment software design software maintenance software testing systems analysis concepts abstraction ci cd compatibility backward compatibility compatibility layer compatibility mode forward compatibility software incompatibility component based software engineering data modeling enterprise architecture functional specification modeling language programming paradigm software software archaeology software architecture software configuration management software development process methodology software quality software quality assurance software system software verification and validation structured analysis essential analysis orientations agile aspect oriented object orientation ontology sdlc service orientation models developmental agile eup executable uml incremental model iterative model prototype model rad scrum spiral model up v model waterfall model xp model driven engineering round trip engineering other cmmi data model er model function model information model metamodeling object model spice systems model view model languages idef sysml uml usl related fields computer engineering computer science information science project management risk management systems engineering category commons retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title backward_compatibility oldid 1372863547 categories backward compatibility interoperability hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with limited geographic scope from may 2023 commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 2 september 2026 at 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